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The dual role of microglia in ischemic stroke and its modulation via extracellular vesicles and stem cells

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Neuroprotection 2024年第1期2卷 4-15页

作者： matteo Haupt Stefan T.Gerner Thorsten R.Doeppner Department of Neurology University of Gottingen Medical SchoolGottingenGermany Department of Neurology University Hospital GiessenGiessenGermany Center for Mind Brain and Behavior(CMBB)University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University GiessenMarburgGermany Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Medical University of VarnaVarnaBulgaria Medipol University Istanbul Research InstituteforHealthSciencesand Technologies(SABITA)IstanbulTurkey

Stem cell-based therapies and extracellular vesicle(EV)treatment have demonstrated significant potential for neuroprotection against ischemic *** the neuroprotective mechanisms are not yet fully under-stood,targeting microglia is central to promoting *** are the resident immune cells of the central nervous *** cells are crucial in the pathogenesis of ischemic *** respond rapidly to the site of injury by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines,phagocytizing dead cells and debris,and recruiting peripheral immune cells to the ischemic *** these responses are essential for clearing damage and initiating tissue repair,excessive or prolonged microglial activation can exacerbate brain injury,leading to secondary neuroinflammation and ***,microglia exhibit a dynamic range of activation states with the so-called M1 pro-inflammatory and M2 anti-inflammatory phenotypes,representing the two ends of the *** delivery of both EVs and stem cells modulates microglial activation,suppressing pro-inflammatory genes,influencing the expression of transcription factors,and altering receptor expression,ultimately contributing to *** findings underscore the importance of understanding the complex and dynamic role of microglia in the development of effective neuroprotective strategies to reduce the effects of ischemic *** this review,we examine the current state of knowledge regarding the role of microglia in ischemic stroke,including their molecular and cellular mechanisms,activation states,and interactions with other *** also discuss the multifaceted contributions of microglia to stem cell-and EV-based neuroprotection during an ischemic stroke to provide a comprehensive understanding of microglial functions and their potential implications in stroke therapies.

关键词： extracellular vesicle microglia neuroprotection stroke stem cells

Physical insights into trapping effects on vertical GaN-on-Si trench MOSFETs from TCAD

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第3期45卷 45-52页

作者： NicolòZagni Manuel Fregolent Andrea Del Fiol Davide Favero Francesco Bergamin Giovanni Verzellesi Carlo De Santi Gaudenzio Meneghesso Enrico Zanoni Christian Huber matteo Meneghini Paolo Pavan Department of Engineering“Enzo Ferrari” University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena 41125Italy Department of Information Engineering University of PadovaPadova 35131Italy Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering(DISMI) University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaReggio Emilia 42122Italy EN&TECH Center University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaReggio Emilia 42122Italy Advanced Technologies and Micro Systems Department Robert Bosch GmbHRenningen 71272Germany

Vertical GaN power MOSFET is a novel technology that offers great potential for power switching *** still in an early development phase,vertical GaN devices are yet to be fully optimized and require careful studies to foster their *** this work,we report on the physical insights into device performance improvements obtained during the development of vertical GaN-on-Si trench MOSFETs(TMOS’s)provided by TCAD simulations,enhancing the dependability of the adopted process optimization ***,two different TMOS devices are compared in terms of transfer-curve hysteresis(H)and subthreshold slope(SS),showing a≈75%H reduction along with a≈30%SS *** allow attributing the achieved improvements to a decrease in the border and interface traps,respectively.A sensitivity analysis is also carried out,allowing to quantify the additional trap density reduction required to minimize both figures of merit.

关键词： vertical GaN trench MOSFET SiO_(2) interface traps border traps hysteresis BTI

A machine learning approach to map crystal orientation by optical microscopy

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 70-78页

作者： Mallory Wittwer matteo Seita School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

Mapping grain orientation in crystalline solids is essential to investigate the relationships between local microstructure and crystallography and interpret materials *** of the main techniques used to perform these studies is electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).Due to the limited measurement throughput,however,EBSD is not suitable for characterizing samples with long-range microstructure heterogeneity,nor for building large material libraries that include numerous *** present a machine learning approach for high-throughput crystal orientation mapping,which relies on the optical technique called directional reflectance *** successfully apply our method on Inconel 718 specimens produced by additive manufacturing,which exhibit complex,spatially-varying *** results demonstrate that optical orientation mapping on a metal alloy is *** our method is data-driven,it can be easily extended to different alloy systems produced using different manufacturing processes.

关键词： alloy microstructure crystal

Hepatic effector CD8＋ T-cell dynamics

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第3期12卷 269-272页

作者： matteo Iannacone Division of Immunology Transplantation and Infectious Diseases I RCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Saiute San Raffaele University Milan Italy

CD8＋ T cells play a critical role in hepatitis B virus （HBV） pathogenesis. During acute, self-limited infections, these cells are instrumental to viral clearance; in chronic settings, they sustain repetitive cycles of hepatocellular necrosis that promote hepatocellular carcinoma development. Both CD8＋ T-cell defensive and destructive functions are mediated by antigen-experienced effector cells and depend on the ability of these cells to migrate to the liver, recognize hepatocellular antigens and perform effector functions. Understanding the signals that modulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of CD8＋ T cells in the liver, particularly in the context of antigen recognition, is therefore critical to gaining insight into the pathogenesis of acute and chronic HBV infection. Here, we highlight recent data on how effector CD8＋ T cells traffic within the liver, and we discuss the potential for novel imaging techniques to shed light on this important aspect of HBV pathogenesis.

关键词： CD8+ T cells hepatitis B virus intravital microscopy liver immunopathology platelets

A comprehensive review of extrusion-based additive manufacturing processes for rapid production of metallic and ceramic parts

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Advances in Manufacturing 2019年第2期7卷 155-173页

作者： Kedarnath Rane matteo Strano Department of Mechanical Engineering Politecnico di Milano Via La Masa 1 Milan Italy

The extrusion-based additive manufacturing (EAM) technique is recently being employed for rapid production of metals and ceramic components. This technique involves extruding the metal or ceramic material in solid powder form mixed with a binder (i.e., an expendable viscous fluid), which is removed from the part after 3D printing. These technologies rely on the large design freedom allowed and the cost efficiency advantage over alternative metal additive manufacturing processes that are based on high energy beams, such as laser or electron beams. The EAM of metals and ceramics is not yet widespread, but published scientific and technical literature on it is rapidly growing. However, this literature is still less extensive than that on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) of plastics or the selective laser melting (SLM) of metals. This paper aims at filling this gap. FDM and powder injection molding are identified as preceding or enabling technologies for EAM. This paper systematically reviews all aspects of the feedstock EAM processes used for production of complex-shaped parts. The unique characteristics and advantages of these processes are also discussed with respect to materials and process steps. In addition, the key process parameters are explained to illustrate the suitability of the EAM process for diverse application domains.

关键词： Feedstock extrusion Rapid production Complex-shaped metallic Ceramic parts

An Integrated Carbon Dioxide Capture and Methanation Process

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第5期6卷 1174-1183页

作者： Xiaochen Zhang Mengzhu Li Xingwu Liu Ang Li Yuchen Deng Mi Peng Yu Zhang Charlotte Vogt matteo Monai Junxian Gao Xuetao Qin Yao Xu Qiaolin Yu Meng Wang Guofu Wang Zheng Jiang Xiaodong Han Casper Brady Wei-Xue Li Wu Zhou Jin-Xun Liu Bingjun Xu Bert M.Weckhuysen Ding Ma Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871 China Academy of Aerospace Science and Innovation Beijing 100088 National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids Synfuels China Co.Ltd.Beijing 101400 Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry and Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceFaculty of ScienceUtrecht University3584 CG Utrecht State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuan 030001 Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Zhangjiang LadShanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210 Center for Catalytic Science and Technology University of DelawareNewarkDelaware 19716 Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230026 Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088 School of Physical Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum PhysicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049

Reducing the ever-growing level of CO_(2)in the atmosphere is critical for the sustainable development of human society in the context of global *** of the capture and upgrading of CO_(2)is,therefore,highly desirable since each process step is costly,both energetically and ***,we report a CO_(2)direct air capture(DAC)and fixation process that produces *** concentrations of CO_(2)(∼400 ppm)in the air are captured by an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to form *** carbonate is subsequently hydrogenated to methane,which is easily separated from the reaction system,catalyzed by TiO2-supported Ru in the aqueous phase with a selectivity of 99.9%among gas-phase *** concurrent regenerated hydroxide,in turn,increases the alkalinity of the aqueous solution for further CO_(2)capture,thereby enabling this one-ofits-kind continuous CO_(2)capture and methanation *** simulations demonstrate the energy feasibility of this CO_(2)DAC and methanation process,highlighting its promise for potential largescale applications.

关键词： CO_(2)capture and methanation process sodium hydroxide carbonate Ru/TiO_(2) catalytic mechanism CO_(2)activation and hydrogenation

Mechatronic Design of a Robot for Upper Limb Rehabilitation at Home

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2021年第4期18卷 857-871页

作者： Elio matteo Curcio Giuseppe Carbone Department of Mechanical Energyand Management EngineeringUniversity of Calabria Via BucciCubo 46C87036 RendeItaly

This paper addresses the design of a novel bionic robotic device for upper limb rehabilitation tasks at *** main goal of the design process has been to obtain a rehabilitation device,which can be easily portable and can be managed remotely by a professional *** allows to treat people also in regions that are not easily reachable with a significant cost *** potential benefits can be envisaged,for instance,in the possibility to keep social distancing while allowing rehabilitation treatments even during a pandemic *** attention has been devoted to design the main mechatronic components by developing specific kinematics and dynamics *** design process includes the implementation of a specific control hardware and *** experimental tests are reported to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed design solution.

关键词： bionic robot design simulations parallel robots upper limb rehabilitation

On the formation of Basu’s Type Ⅲ(peeled orange) gunshot residues

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第1期15卷 23-26页

作者： Felice Nunziata matteo Donghi the Chartered Society of Forensic Science Arma dei Carabinieri Reparto Investigazioni Scientifiche

In a famous paper published in 1982, a very special class of gunshot residue particles(GSR) was named by Samarendra Basu "peeled orange", due to their particular structure, consisting of a barium/antimony core covered by an outer lead leaflet. In this class of GSR particles the surface may show nodular structures of lead. Basu proposed an explanation in terms of a nucleus of antimony and barium that captures lead vapours produced after the explosion of a cartridge into a firearm: as solidification points of antimony and barium are close one another, both higher than solidification point of lead, he stated that lead occurs as a layer around the core in peeled orange GSR particles. In this paper we study the thermodynamic of the barium/antimony alloy and we hypothesize a formation process in terms of colloidal metal growth, charged particles and electrostatic attraction. We propose an updated model of formation for peeled orange GSR particles that explains the existence of outer lead leaflet and nodules in terms of electrostatic attraction of lead nanoparticles and instability of lead droplets.

关键词： Peeled orange particles GSR CDR Charged particles Electrostatic attraction Rayleigh droplet stability

Monoacylglycerol lipase reprograms lipid precursors signaling in liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第25期26卷 3577-3585页

作者： matteo Tardelli Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Joan and Sanford I Weill Cornell Department of MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY 10021United States Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaVienna 1040Austria

Dietary oversupply of triglycerides represent the hallmark of obesity and connected complications in the liver such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,which eventually progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** lipase is the last enzymatic step in the hydrolysis of triglycerides,generating glycerol and fatty acids(FAs),which are signaling precursors in physiology and ***,monoacylglycerol lipase(MGL)also hydrolyzes 2-arachidonoylglycerol,which is a potent ligand within the endocannabinoid system,into arachidonic acid-a precursor for prostaglandin synthesis;thus representing a pivotal substrates provider in multiple organs for several intersecting biological pathways ranging from FA metabolism to inflammation,pain and *** inhibition has been shown protective in limiting several liver diseases as FAs may drive hepatocyte injury,fibrogenesis and de-activate immune cells,however the complexity of MGL network system still needs further and deeper *** present review will focus on MGL function and FA partitioning in the horizons of liver disease.

关键词： Lipid metabolism Monoacylglycerol lipase Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Cannabinoid Nuclear receptors