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Simulation and Optimization of Energy Efficiency and Total Enthalpy Analysis of Sand Based Packed Bed Solar Thermal Energy Storage

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer 2024年第4期22卷 1043-1070页

作者： matiewos.mekonen abera Venkata Ramayya Ancha Balewgize Amare L.Syam Sundar Kotturu V.V.Chandra Mouli Sambasivam Sangaraju Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Jimma Institute of TechnologyJimma UniversityP.O.Box 378JimmaEthiopia Aksum University Shire CampusAksumP.O.Box 1010Ethiopia Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringPrince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityAl-Khobar31952Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering College of EngineeringMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia NationalWater and Energy Center United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain15551United Arab Emirates

This study is focused on the simulation and optimization of packed-bed solar thermal energy storage by using sand as a storage material and hot-water is used as a heat transfer fluid and storage as *** analysis has been done by using the COMSOL multi-physics software and used to compute an optimization charging time of the *** that control this optimization are storage height,storage diameter,heat transfer fluid flow rate,and sand bed particle *** result of COMSOL multi-physics optimized thermal storage has been validated with Taguchi ***,the optimized parameters of storage are:storage height of 1.4m,storage diameter of 0.4 m,flow rate of 0.02 kg/s,and sand particle size 12 *** these parameters,the storage diameter result is the highest influenced optimized parameter of the thermal storage fromthe ANOVA *** nominal packed bed thermal storage,the charging time needed to attain about 520 K temperature is more than 3500 s,while it needs only about 2000 s for the optimized storage which is very significant *** charging energy efficiency of the optimized is greater than the nominal and previous concrete-based storage by 13.7%,and 13.1%,respectively in the charging time of 2700 s.

关键词： Optimization solar thermal energy storage Taguchimethod COMSOLmultiphysics packed bed thermal storage charging time

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Rural households’ livelihood vulnerability to climate variability and extremes: a livelihood zone-based approach in the Northeastern Highlands of Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 749-771页

作者： Abebe Arega mekonen Arega Bazezew Berlie Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Bahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir DarEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Debremarkos UniversityP.O.Box 269DebremarkosEthiopia

Background:The adverse effects of climate variability and extremes exert increasing pressure on rural farm households whose livelihoods are dependent on ***,integrated and area-specific vulnerability assessments in Ethiopia in general and the study area,in particular,are scarce and insufficient for policy ***,this study aims to quantify,map,classify,and prioritize the level of vulnerability in terms of the components of exposure,sensitivity,and adaptive capacity in the Northeastern Highlands of *** study area is divided into six livelihood zones,namely,Abay-Beshilo Basin(ABB),South Wollo and Oromia eastern lowland sorghum and cattle(SWS),Chefa Valley(CHV),Meher-Belg,Belg,and Meher.A total of 361 sample households were selected using proportional probability sampling *** questionnaire,key informant interview,and focus group discussions were used to collect the necessary *** and temperature data were also *** the IPCC’s climate change vulnerability assessment approach,the climate vulnerability index(CVI)framework of Sullivan and Meigh’s model was used to assess the relative vulnerability of livelihoods of rural ***-four vulnerability indicators were identified for exposure,sensitivity,and adaptive capacity *** this regard,Iyengar and Sudarshan’s unequal weighting system was applied to assign a weight to ***:The results revealed that Belg and Meher were found to be the highest exposure livelihood zones to vulnerability with an aggregated value of ***,SWS,ABB,Belg,and CHV livelihood zones showed moderate level of sensitivity to vulnerability with an aggregated value between 0.45 and *** study noted that livelihood zone of Belg(0.75)was found to be at high level of livelihood ***(0.57)and CHV(0.45)were at a moderate level of livelihood vulnerability while Meher-Belg(0.22)was the least vulnerable livelihood zone due to a high level o

关键词： Exposure Sensitivity Adaptive capacity Vulnerability Index Sullivan and Meigh’s model Ethiopia

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Isolation and identification of fungi found in contaminated fermented milk and antifungal activity of vanillin

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2021年第2期10卷 214-220页

作者： Xu Pei mekonen Tekliye Mingsheng Dong College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University1 Weigang RoadNanjingJiangsu 210095China

Fungi contamination is an important factor affecting the quality and commercial value of fermented *** is known as a safe and efficient natural antimicrobial additive with great potential value as a food *** this study,the microbiological quality of fermented milk of different brands retailed in China and the antimicrobial activity of vanillin were investigated.A total of 27 fermented milk samples were purchased and *** isolates obtained were characterized by DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)*** effects of vanillin on the growth of fungi were studied by plate dilution method,radical colony diameter,and mycelium *** result showed that 14.8%of the samples were contaminated with three different species of fungi with Cladosporium *** the most predominant fungal *** study further showed that vanillin had significant inhibitory activity against the growth of the fungi *** cell number,radical colony diameter,and the mycelium biomass of the fungal contaminant were significantly reduced by the inhibitory action of the *** study thus provides reliable data evidence that will help relevant stakeholders in the fermented milk industries to improve their quality control strategies and consider vanillin as a bio-preservative with the potential to increase the shelf-life and safety of fermented milk.

关键词： Fermented milk FungiInternal transcribed spacer Vanillin Antimicrobial activity

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Sedimentation in small-scale irrigation schemes in Ethiopia: Its sources and management

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第5期37卷 576-588页

作者： Zerihun Anbesa Gurmu Henk Ritzema Charlotte de Fraiture mekonen Ayana Water Resources Management Group Wageningen University Arba Minch University Department of Water Science and Engineering IHE Delft Institute for Water Education Adama Science and Technology University

Numerous irrigation schemes in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA) exhibit excessive sedimentation, resulting in underperformance and high maintenance costs. In the current study, a participatory monitoring program was used to investigate sediment causes and sources, measure the annual sediment load, and monitor desilting campaigns in two small scale irrigation schemes in Ethiopia, Arata-Chufa(100 ha) and Ketar(430 ha), for three years(2016-2018). Sedimentation quantities were huge, where the annual river sediment influx ranged from 220 m3for the Arata-Chufa scheme to 1,741 m3for the Ketar scheme. On average 0.3 m3/m of sediment were removed from the main canal for Arata-Chufa costing 794 days of labor per year. In Ketar, sediment quantities were even greater: 1.1 m3/m was removed requiring 3,118days of labor per year. The sediment influx from the river source amounts to up to 95% for Arata-Chufa and moderately reaches 46% for Ketar, with the remainder of the sediment entering with overland erosion flows. Farmers reported increased sedimentation over time and difficulty paying operation and maintenance fees instead preferring to contribute labor for the desilting campaigns. Sedimentation management is fragile and mainly involves frequent desilting campaigns and unharmonized efforts to reduce overland sediment inflows. Factors contributing to sediment deposition include mild longitudinal bed slopes, the location of the intake, canal layout, and lack of canal banks for protection against surface water inflow in addition to sub-optimal canal operations. Excessive sedimentation is a major challenge resulting in underperformance of numerous irrigation schemes in SSA, and the stakeholders’ lack of awareness of the sources of sedimentation is an underlying factor aggravating sedimentation problems. It is concluded that investigating the sources, extent, and types of sedimentation entering a small-scale irrigation scheme is the basis for reducing maintenance costs and for effective man

关键词： Sediment sources Sediment management Irrigation performance Soil loss River sediment Erosion

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Current Status of Antenatal Care Utilization in the Context of Data Conflict: The Case of Dembecha District, Northwest Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2014年第4期4卷 208-216页

作者： Molla Gedefaw Bilal Muche mekonen Aychiluhem GAMBY College of Medical Sciences Bahir Dar Ethiopia Save the Children International Bahir Dar Ethiopia

Good antenatal care (ANC) is one of the most important health care aspects known to reduce maternal mortality. In Ethiopia, regional and national data at times do not concur thus data from district to district level decision making are needed. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess the prevalence and correlates of ANC service utilization. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women. Multistage sampling was used. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was data collection tool. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 for windows. Logistic regression was used to assess possible association among variables. Odds ratio at 95% confidence interval was used to measure strength, and statistical significance of associations. Prevalence of ANC service utilization was 57%. Of these, more than 80% of them received ANC for ≥4 times. This finding is more similar to the regional report (68%) than that of EDHS (2011) for Amhara Region (34%). Marital status, educational status and income were important predictors for ANC service utilization. The most outstanding finding of this study was that more than 20% and 60% of mothers received antennal care, and information about antenatal care from health extension workers. Antenatal care utilization is still low. Single, divorced, or separated mothers were less likely to utilize ANC while economically better off, and literate mothers were more likely to use ANC services than their counterparts. The finding of this study is in line with the annual reports from the Regional health bureau and disagrees with Ethiopian demographic health survey—EDHS-(2011). Therefore, districts should be encouraged to make decisions based on their own locally generated data than based on EDHS data which could at times be discouraging for districts with better performance. Further strengthening of Health Extension Program is recommended.

关键词： Prevalence Antenatal Care Utilization Associated Factors

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Importance of labelling and patient knowledge to ensure proper care during drug dispensing: A case study from a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第1期4卷 1-7页

作者： Seblework mekonen Wondimu Samuel Argaw Ambelu Department of Environmental Health Sciences & Technology Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia Graduate Program in Economic Development Vanderbilt Uni-versity Nashville USA

Correct drug labelling is central for ensuring proper drug dispensing and thus for patient safety. Labelling errors may result in adverse health outcomes. The objective of this study was, therefore, to assess the effect of labelling on the quality of drug dispensing and patient knowledge about dispensed drugs in Jimma University model and specialized hospital outpatient Pharmacies. Individual packages with prescribed drugs were examined using pretested questionnaire and observational check lists during the dispensing process. Patients’ knowledge about drugs dispensed to them was assessed at the exit interview using a pretested questionnaire. Out of 743 prescribed drugs, 682 (91.8%) were dispensed to 426 patients. The average labelling score (range from 0 to 6) of dispensed drugs in Model and Outpatient pharmacy was 2.00 (95% CI 1.97 to 2.04) and 1.73 (95% CI 1.6 to 1.8) respectively, with overall average labelling score of 1.90 (95% CI 1.84 to 1.91). The average patient knowledge score (range from 0 t0 5) was 3.45 (95% CI 3.31 to 3.59) and 3.5 (95% CI 3.35 to 3.64) for model and outpatient pharmacy, respectively, while the overall average knowledge score was 3.46 (95% CI 3.37 to 3.57). Major labelling problems were absence of patient’s name and dose followed by frequency of administration, duration of treatment, and the reason for prescription. Literacy status of patients had a significant effect on their knowledge (p 0.05). We recommend that corrective measures targeting both, labelling and patients’ knowledge should be implemented to improve the patients’ safety and drug therapy adherence.

关键词： Labelling Patient Knowledge Patient Care Outpatient Pharmacy Dispensed Drug

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肯尼亚和莱索托两国年轻女性艾滋病知识水平与接收艾滋病感染者现状的统计分析研究

肯尼亚和莱索托两国年轻女性艾滋病知识水平与接收艾滋病感染者现...

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作者： Habtom mekonen Fessehaye 华中师范大学

学位级别：硕士

在撒哈拉以南非洲地区的年轻女性很容易感染艾滋病。本文的目的是评估肯尼亚和莱索两国中年龄在15-24岁的年轻妇女的艾滋病综合知识水平和接受艾滋病病毒感染者态度比率。本文使用的数据来自2014年肯尼亚和莱索托人口和健康调查数据的... 详细信息

在撒哈拉以南非洲地区的年轻女性很容易感染艾滋病。本文的目的是评估肯尼亚和莱索两国中年龄在15-24岁的年轻妇女的艾滋病综合知识水平和接受艾滋病病毒感染者态度比率。本文使用的数据来自2014年肯尼亚和莱索托人口和健康调查数据的全国性抽样样本。数据包含11483名肯尼亚和2842名15-19岁的年轻女性。采用统计元件SPSS进行二元logistic回归分析,预测与艾滋病相关知识水平与接受态度、青年妇女的社会人口学特征等的关系。所有结果的统计显著性水平指定为0.05。在这两个国家,几乎所有的年轻妇女都听说过艾滋病毒/艾滋病(肯尼亚99.2%,莱索托98%)。此外,在这两个国家,年轻妇女的平均艾滋病毒/艾滋病综合知识(肯尼亚为58%,莱索托为64.8%)也被统计分析出来。然而,接纳艾滋病感染者的态度都不高(肯尼亚9.2%,莱索托为41.5%)。基于二元logistic回归模型的结果,年龄、居住地(除了肯尼亚)、教育、宗教(莱索托除外)和财富指数与艾滋病毒/艾滋病综合知识密切相关。同样,住宅,教育,和宗教(除莱索托外),财富指数,和艾滋病综合防治知识表现与接纳艾滋病病毒感染者态度显著相关。研究还发现,相比于肯尼亚的年轻女性,莱索托的年轻女性有显着较高的艾滋病综合知识(OR 1.34,95%Cl 1.23-1.46)和接纳艾滋病病毒感染者(OR 6.99,95%Cl 6.34-7.72)。本文了解到了普遍的艾滋病毒认识和适度的艾滋病毒/艾滋病综合知识。尽管如此,对待艾滋病病毒感染者的态度是惊人的。通过分析,应该认识到两国政府应增加妇女对艾滋病的认识水平。

关键词：艾滋病统计推断逻辑回归关联分

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Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Eastern Ethiopia:Clinical characteristics and determinants of cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第7期16卷 995-1008页

作者： Nejib Y Ismael Semir A Usmael Nega B Belay Hailemichael Desalegn mekonen Asgeir Johannessen Stian MS Orlien Haramaya University College of Health and Medical SciencesHarar 252Ethiopia Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Regional Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases Oslo University HospitalOslo 0450UllevålNorway Internal Medicine Gastroenterology and Hepatology UnitSaint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical CollegeAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Department of Infectious Disease Vestfold Hospital TrustTønsberg 3103Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine Oslo UniversityOslo 0318Norway Department of PediatricsOslo UniversityOslo 0450UllevålNorway

BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)virus infection is a major cause of liver-associated morbidity and mortality,particularly in low-income countries.A better understanding of the epidemiological,clinical,and virological characteristics of CHB will guide appropriate treatment strategies and improve the control and management of CHB in *** To investigate the characteristics of CHB in Eastern Ethiopia and assess the efficacy and safety of antiviral *** This cohort study included 193 adults who were human immunodeficiency virus-negative with CHB between June 2016 and December *** assessments included chemistry,serologic,and viral markers.χ^(2) tests,Mann-Whitney U tests,and logistic regression analyses were used to identify the determinants of *** disoproxil fumarate(TDF)was initiated using treatment criteria from the Ethiopian CHB pilot *** A total of 132 patients(68.4%)were men,with a median age of 30 years[interquartile range(IQR):24-38].At enrollment,60(31.1%)patients had cirrhosis,of whom 35(58.3%)had decompensated *** use,hepatitis B envelope antigen positivity,and a high viral load were independently associated with ***,66 patients(33.4%)fulfilled the treatment criteria and 59(30.6%)started *** 29 patients who completed 24 months of treatment,the median aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index declined from 1.54(IQR:0.66-2.91)to 1.10(IQR:0.75-2.53)(P=0.002),and viral suppression was achieved in 80.9%and 100%of patients after 12 months and 24 months of treatment,*** the treated patients,12(20.3%)died within the first 6 months of treatment,of whom 8 had decompensated *** This study highlights the high prevalence of cirrhosis,initial mortality,and the efficacy of TDF *** up measures to prevent and control CHB infections in Ethiopia is crucial.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Cirrhosis Cohort study Resource-limited settings Sub-Saharan Africa

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Current Status and Correlates of Modern Family Planning Utilization in Hard to Reach Ethnic Minorities: The Case of Gumuz, Northwest Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2014年第4期4卷 188-198页

作者： Molla Gedefaw Dawit Muluneh mekonen Aychiluhem GAMBY College of Medical Sciences Bahir Dar Ethiopia Joint MPH Program GAMBY College of Medical Sciences Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia

Cognizant of multifaceted challenge of unwanted pregnancy, Ethiopia strives to increase utiliza-tion of modern family planning across the nation. Therefore, update on the current status of family planning utilization especially in hard to reach ethnic minorities is critical. The objective of this study was to assess level, and correlates of modern contraceptive utilization in a hard to reach ethnic minorities. A community based study was conducted in Dangur District, Beneshangul Gumuz Regional State July, 2013. A total of 530 married women were included in the study. Structured questionnaire was data collection tool. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20 for windows. Possible association and their strength were measured using odds ratio at 95% CI. Family planning utilization was 18.7% while nearly 27% of study participants had ever used family planning methods. The following variables were predictors of family planning utilization: number of alive children [AOR: 3.31, 95% CI (1.41 - 7.20)], good knowledge [AOR: 2.18, 95% CI (1.35 - 3.52)] and positive attitude [AOR: 1.58, 95% CI (1.03 - 2.50)]. The most outstanding finding of this study was that more than 80% of study participants still believe that many children means high income, and nearly 60% of them believe that family planning utilization decreases confidence among couples. This study witnessed how successful Ethiopia is in addressing reproductive health service inequalities in hard to reach communities. However, misconceptions surrounding family planning, and culture associated desire to have large family size should be addressed in a culture sensitive manner so that this success would further bear fruits.

关键词： Family Planning Benshangul-Gumuz Hard to Reach Ethnic Minorities Ethiopia

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Modern Contraceptive Use among Orthodox Christian and Muslim Women of Reproductive Age Group in Bahir Dar City, North West Ethiopia: Comparative Cross Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2014年第4期4卷 235-242页

作者： Damot Walelign Alemtsehay mekonen Mastewal Netsere Molalign Tarekegn Joint MPH Program Bahir Dar University and GAMBY Bahir Dar Ethiopia College of Medicine and Health Sciences Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Organization for Rehabilitation and Development of Amhara Sekotta Ethiopia College of Medical Sciences GAMBY Bahir Dar Ethiopia

Background: Mothers are dying as a result of abortion associated with preventable unintended pregnancy. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of Modern contraceptive use and associated factors among Muslim and orthodox Christian women of reproductive age group in Bahir Dar city. Methods: Comparative Cross-sectional study was carried out on 504 participants selected through Simple random sampling technique from the list of households. Data were collected through a pretested interviewer administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed using logistic regression model to determine odds ratio as a measure of strength off association. Result: The prevalence of modern contraceptive use was higher among Orthodox Christian women by 0.28: 95% for the difference (0.19, 0.36). While 63.9% orthodox Christian women were using modern contraceptives only 36.1% of Muslim women were using Modern contraceptive. Age, Religiosity and education level were found to have a statistical association for modern contraceptive use in Both Orthodox Christian and Muslim women (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of modern contraceptive use among Muslim women was found to significantly lower than that in Orthodox Christian. Recommendation: More efforts should be done to increase the number of Modern Contraceptive users, by focusing on awareness creation on Modern contraceptives with special emphasis on Muslims.

关键词： Modern Contraceptive Use Christian Muslim North West Ethiopia

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