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New Hybrid EWMA Charts for Efficient Process Dispersion Monitoring with Application in Automobile Industry

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第5期131卷 1171-1195页

作者： Xuechen Liu Majid Khan Zahid Rasheed Syed masroor anwar Muhammad Arslan Faculty of Economics Taiyuan Normal UniversityTaiyuan030619China Department of Mathematics and Statistics Riphah International UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Women University of Azad Jammu and KashmirBagh12500Pakistan Department of Statistics University of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzaffarabad13100Pakistan School of Statistics Shanxi University of Finance and EconomicsTaiyuan030619China

The EWMAcharts are thewell-knownmemory-type charts used formonitoring the small-to-intermediate shifts in the process parameters(location and/or dispersion).The hybrid EWMA(HEWMA)charts are enhanced version of the EWMA charts,which effectivelymonitor the process *** paper aims to develop two new uppersided HEWMAcharts for monitoring shifts in process variance,i.e.,HEWMA1 and HEWMA2 *** design structures of the proposed HEWMA1 and HEWMA2 charts are based on the concept of integrating the features of two ***1 and HEWMA2charts plotting statistics are developed using one EWMAstatistic as input for the other *** Carlo simulations method is used as a computational technique to determine the numerical results for the performance characteristics,such as average run length(ARL),median run length,and standard deviation run length(SDRL)for assessing the performance of the proposed HEWMA1 and HEWMA2 *** addition,to evaluate the overall performance of the proposed HEWMA1 and HEWMA2 charts,other numerical measures consisting of the extra quadratic loss(EQL),relative average run length(RARL),and performance comparison index(PCI)are also *** proposed HEWMA1 and HEWMA2 charts are compared to some existing charts,such as CH,CEWMA,HEWMA,AEWMAHHW1,HHW2,AIB-EWMA-I,and AIB-EWMA-II charts,on the basis aforementioned numerical *** comparison reveals that the proposed HEWMA1 and HEWMA2 charts achieve better detection ability against the existing *** the end,a real-life data application is also provided to enhance the implementation of the proposed HEWMA1 and HEWMA2 charts practically.

关键词： Average run length extra quadratic loss memory-type charts Monte Carlo simulations smoothing parameter

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Ranked-Set Sampling Based Distribution Free Control Chart with Application in CSTR Process

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第6期135卷 2091-2118页

作者： Ibrahim M.Almanjahie Zahid Rasheed Majid Khan Syed masroor anwar Ammara Nawaz Cheema Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha62529Saudi Arabia Statistical Research and Studies Support Unit King Khalid UniversityAbha62529Saudi Arabia School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi’an Jiaotong University ChinaXi’an710049China Department of Mathematics Women University of Azad Jammu and KashmirBagh12500Pakistan Government Post Graduate College Haripur22620Pakistan Department of Statistics University of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzaffarabad13100Pakistan Department of Mathematics Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan

Nonparametric(distribution-free)control charts have been introduced in recent years when quality characteristics do not follow a specific *** the sample selection is prohibitively expensive,we prefer ranked-set sampling over simple random sampling because ranked set sampling-based control charts outperform simple random sampling-based control *** this study,we proposed a nonparametric homogeneously weighted moving average based on theWilcoxon signed-rank test with ranked set sampling(NPHWMARSS)control chart for detecting shifts in the process location of a continuous and symmetric *** Carlo simulations are used to obtain the run length characteristics to evaluate the performance of the proposed NPHWMARSS control *** proposed NPHWMARSS control chart’s performance is compared to that of parametric and nonparametric control *** control charts include the exponentially weighted moving average(EWMA)control chart,Wilcoxon signed-rank with simple random sampling based the nonparametric EWMA control chart,the nonparametric EWMA sign control chart,Wilcoxon signed-rank with ranked set sampling-based the nonparametric EWMA control chart,and the homogeneously weighted moving average control *** findings show that the proposed NPHWMARSS control chart performs better than its competitors,particularly for the small ***,an example is presented to demonstrate how the proposed scheme can be implemented practically.

关键词： Nonparametric control charts run-length ranked set sampling Wilcoxon signed-rank

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Evolving paradigm of thrombolysis in pulmonary embolism:Comprehensive review of clinical manifestations,indications,recent advances and guideline

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第8期11卷 1702-1711页

作者： Rohan Kumar Ochani Rafi Aibani Hafsa Nazir Jatoi masroor anwar Syed Anjum Khan Iqbal Ratnani Salim Surani Department of Internal Medicine Dow University of Health ScienceKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Internal Medicine Khyber Teaching HospitalPeshawar 00000Pakistan Department of Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic Health SystemMankatoMN 56001United States Department of Anesthesiology&Critical Care Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Medicine Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States Department of Medicine Aga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya

Thrombolytic therapy has been the mainstay for patients with pulmonary embolism(PE).Despite being linked to a higher risk of significant bleeding,clinical trials demonstrate that thrombolytic therapy should be used in patients with moderate to high-risk PE,in addition to hemodynamic instability *** prevents the progression of right heart failure and impending hemodynamic *** PE can be challenging due to the variety of presentations;therefore,guidelines and scoring systems have been established to guide physicians to correctly identify and manage the ***,systemic thrombolysis has been utilized to lyse the emboli in ***,newer techniques for thrombolysis have been developed,such as endovascular ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis for massive and intermediatehigh submassive risk *** newer techniques explored are the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,direct aspiration,or fragmentation with *** of the constantly changing therapeutic options and the scarcity of randomized controlled trials,choosing the best course of treatment for a given patient may be *** help,the Pulmonary Embolism Reaction Team is a multidisciplinary,rapid response team that has been developed and is used at many *** to bridge the knowledge gap,our review highlights various indications of thrombolysis in addition to the recent advances and management guidelines.

关键词： Pulmonary embolism Thrombolytics Systemic Catheter-directed Pulmonary embolism reaction team Guidelines

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Phase Noise Quenching in a Four-Level Laser

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第3期27卷 184-187页

作者： Javaid anwar Department of Physics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad Pakistan

In the presence of usual transmission losses, it is shown that phase noise in a four-level laser can be reduced below the Schawlow-Townes limit when lasing levels are coupled to a squeezed vacuum reservoir. The squeezed vacuum coupled to the lasing mode modifies the phase diffusion rate and dominates the contribution from transmission losses. It is predicted to obtain phase stability in the system and phase noise vanishes for larger squeezing. Gain of the laser remains positive under these conditions.

关键词： Optics quantum optics and lasers

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Production of hydrogen from fossil fuel:A review

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Frontiers in Energy 2023年第5期17卷 585-610页

作者： Shams anwar Xianguo LI Laboratory for Fuel Cell and Green Energy Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntario N2L3G1Canada

Production of hydrogen,one of the most promising alternative clean fuels,through catalytic conversion from fossil fuel is the most technically and economically feasible *** conversion of natural gas into hydrogen and carbon is thermodynami-cally favorable under atmospheric ***,using noble metals as a catalyst is costly for hydrogen production,thus mandating non-noble metal-based catalysts such as Ni,Co,and Cu-based *** paper reviews the various hydrogen production methods from fossil fuels through pyrolysis,partial oxidation,autother-mal,and steam reforming,emphasizing the catalytic production of hydrogen via steam reforming of *** multicomponent catalysts composed of several non-noble materials have been *** the Ni,Co,and Cu-based catalysts investigated in the literature,Ni/Al_(2)O_(3)catalyst is the most economical and performs best because it suppresses the coke formation on the *** avoid carbon emission,this method of hydrogen production from methane should be integrated with carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS).Carbon capture can be accomplished by absorption,adsorption,and membrane separation *** remaining challenges,prospects,and future research and development directions are described.

关键词： methane catalytic conversion natural gas hydrogen production CCUS

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Seismic resilience of retrofitted RC buildings

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2020年第3期19卷 561-571页

作者： Ghazanfar Ali anwar You Dong Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Existing buildings can be at a greater seismic risk due to non-conformance to current design codes and may require structural retrofitting to improve building *** performance of buildings is measured in terms of immediate consequences due to direct damage,but the continuing impacts related to recovery are not considered in seismic retrofit *** paper introduces a framework of retrofit selection based on the seismic resilience of deficient buildings retrofitted with the conventional mitigation *** assembly-based methodology is considered for the seismic resilience assessment by compiling a nonlinear numerical model and a building performance *** collapse fragility is developed from the capacity curve,and the resulting social,economic,and environmental consequences are *** seismic resilience of a building is assessed by developing a downtime assessment methodology incorporating sequence of repairs,impeding factors,and utility *** functionality states are developed for the building functionality given investigated time interval,and a functionality curve for each retrofit is *** is concluded that seismic resilience can be used as a performance indicator to assess the continuing impacts of a hazard for the retrofit selection.

关键词： fitted consequences buildings

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Biomass carbon stocks and their changes in northern China's grasslands during 1982-2006

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第7期53卷 841-850页

作者： anwar MOHAMMAT Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences

Grassland covers approximately one-third of the area of China and plays an important role in the global terrestrial carbon(C) ***,little is known about biomass C stocks and dynamics in these *** 2001-2005,we conducted five consecutive field sampling campaigns to investigate above-and below-ground biomass for northern China's *** measurements obtained from 341 sampling sites,together with a NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index) time series dataset over 1982-2006,we examined changes in biomass C stock during the past 25 *** results showed that biomass C stock in northern China's grasslands was estimated at 557.5 Tg C(1 Tg=1012 g),with a mean density of 39.5 g C m-2 for above-ground biomass and 244.6 g C m-2 for below-ground *** increasing rate of 0.2 Tg C yr-1 has been observed over the past 25 years,but grassland biomass has not experienced a significant change since the late *** rainfall(January-July) was the dominant factor driving temporal dynamics in biomass C stock;however,the responses of grassland biomass to climate variables differed among various grassland *** in arid grasslands(i.e.,desert steppe and typical steppe) was significantly associated with precipitation,while biomass in humid grasslands(i.e.,alpine meadow) was positively correlated with mean January-July *** results suggest that different grassland ecosystems in China may show diverse responses to future climate changes.

关键词： above-ground biomass alpine grasslands below-ground biomass carbon stock NDVI temperate grasslands

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An approach to Iocational marginal price based zonal congestion management in deregulated electricity market

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Frontiers in Energy 2016年第2期10卷 240-248页

作者： Md SARWAR anwar Shahzad SIDDIQUI Department of Electrical Engineering Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) New Delhi 110025 India

Congestion of transmission line is a vital issue and its management pose a technical challenge in power system deregulation. Congestion occurs in deregulated electricity market when transmission capacity is not sufficient to simultaneously accommodate all constraints of power transmission through a line. Therefore, to manage congestion, a locational marginal price （LMP） based zonal congestion management approach in a deregulated elec- tricity market has been proposed in this paper. As LMP is an economic indicator and its difference between two buses across a transmission line provides the measure of the degree of congestion, therefore, it is efficiently and reliably used in deregulated electricity market for conges- tion management. This paper utilizes the difference of LMP across a transmission line to categorize various congestion zones in the system. After the identification of congestion zones, distributed generation is optimally placed in most congestion sensitive zones using LMP difference in order to manage congestion. The performance of the proposed methodology has been tested on the IEEE 14-bus system and IEEE 57-bus system.

关键词： locational marginal price (LMP) distributed generation pool market deregulated electricity market,congestion management

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Ecosystem carbon stocks and their changes in China's grasslands

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第7期53卷 757-765页

作者： anwar MOHAMMAT Department of Ecology Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking University

The knowledge of carbon(C) stock and its dynamics is crucial for understanding the role of grassland ecosystems in China's terrestrial C *** date,a comprehensive assessment on C balance in China's grasslands is still *** reviewing published literature,this study aims to evaluate ecosystem C stocks(both vegetation biomass and soil organic C) and their changes in China's *** results are summarized as follows:(1) biomass C density(C stock per area) of China's grasslands differed greatly among previous studies,ranging from 215.8 to 348.1 g C m-2 with an average of 300.2 g C ***,soil C density also varied greatly between 8.5 and 15.1 kg C *** total,ecosystem C stock in China's grasslands was estimated at 29.1 Pg C.(2) Both the magnitude and direction of ecosystem C changes in China's grasslands differed greatly among previous *** to recent reports,neither biomass nor soil C stock in China's grasslands showed a significant change during the past 20 years,indicating that grassland ecosystems are C neutral.(3) Spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of grassland biomass were closely correlated with precipitation,while changes in soil C stocks exhibited close associations with soil moisture and soil *** activities,such as livestock grazing and fencing could also affect ecosystem C dynamics in China's grasslands.

关键词： alpine grasslands biomass carbon sink climate change soil organic carbon soil texture temperate grasslands

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Morphology and ontogeny of directly differentiating shoot buds and somatic embryos in Santalum album L.

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第4期30卷 1179-1189页

作者： Rakhshanda Akhtar anwar Shahzad Plant Biotechnology Section Department of BotanyAligarh Muslim University

Santalum album *** a commercially important tree that yields essential oil of high medicinal *** research through organogenesis and embryogenesis has been documented but no report depicts comparative ontogeny of directly differentiating shoot buds(SB)and somatic embryos(SE).In the present study aseptic seedling derived hypocotyl segments(HC)and hypocotyl+root junction(HC+R)were used to induce SBs and SEs,*** differences between the structures were confirmed using scanning electron microscopy and histological *** medium containing 6-benzyladenine or BA(2.5μM)produced highest number of direct SB,while MS+BA(7.5μM)proved suitable for higher frequency of SE *** differentiating structures attained growth when transferred to MS medium containing a combination of BA and anaphthalene acetic acid or silver nitrate(AgNO3).A combination of indole-3-butyric acid and silver nitrate(AgNO3)in half-strength woody plant medium and lesser osmotic concentration(2%sucrose),induced rhizogenesis.

关键词： Direct somatic embryos Emblings Histology Hypocotyl Ontogenic

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