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The Biological Actions and Mechanisms of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Healthy and Disordered Brains

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2014年第4期5卷 183-195页

作者： Toshiyuki Mizui Yuichiro Tanima Hiroko Komatsu Haruko Kumanogoh masami Kojima Bio-Interface Research Group Health Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Ikeda Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Kawaguchi Japan Global Discovery Research Neuroscience and General Medicine Product Creation Unit Eisai Product Creation Systems Eisai Co. Ltd. Tsukuba Japan

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that elicits neuronal survival and differentiation, synaptic transmission, and the modulation of synaptic plasticity. The biological actions of BDNF are mediated via two distinct receptors: the high-affinity tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor and the low-affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). Recent findings regarding the actions and mechanisms of BDNF are reviewed here. Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, as exemplified by long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), underlies the cellular mechanism of learning and memory. An accumulating body of evidence shows that BDNF modulates synaptic plasticity. This function requires extracellular neurotrophin release, synaptic activity-dependent local protein synthesis. In addition, a precursor of BDNF, proBDNF, is emerging as a new ligand with biological activities that are distinct from those of BDNF. The proteolytic cleavage of proBDNF is also proposed as a mechanism that determines the direction of BDNF actions. This review discusses the post-translational processing of proBDNF, the modulatory roles of the human BDNF polymorphism Val66Met, recent reports of the novel mechanisms of BDNF expression, and clinical reports showing the roles of BDNF in the blood. Taken together, these data provide new insights into the biological roles of BDNF and its related molecules in the central nervous system.

关键词： Component Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Tropomyosin-Related Kinase B (TrkB) Synaptic Plasticity Polymorphism Proteolytic Cleavage

Diabetic mouse models

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2013年第4期3卷 334-342页

作者： Yoshiaki Katsuda Takeshi Ohta masami Shinohara Tong Bin Takahisa Yamada Japan Tobacco Inc. Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute Takatsuki Japan Japan Tobacco Inc. Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute Takatsuki Japan Laboratory of Animal Genetics Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University Niigata Japan Planning and Development Section CLEA Japan Inc. Tokyo Japan

The number of patients with lifestyle-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cancer, is increasing all over the world, and that of diabetics is increasing especially rapidly. Diabetic animal models have played a key role in elucidating the etiology of diabetes and developing anti-diabetic drugs. In this review, we overviewed characteristics of diabetic mouse models and pharmacological evaluation using the diabetic models.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetic Complication Mouse Model Obesity

Proposition of a New Type of Jointless System For Existing Concrete Bridges

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Journal of Physical Science and Application 2014年第2期4卷 84-89页

作者： Yuichi Ishikawa Minobu Aoyama masami Kuroyanagi Masatugu Nagai Takeshi Miyashita Kanazawa Branch Central Nippon Highway Engineering Nagoya Co. Ltd. Kanazawa 920-0025 Japan Nagoya Branch Central Nippon Expressway Co. Ltd. Nagoya 460-0003 Japan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka 940-2188 Japan

Since 1990s, the use of deicing salts （i.e., chlorides） has dramatically increased in areas with heavy snowfall in Japan. As a result, the water mixed with salts has accelerated the damage of the reinforced concrete （hereafter, RC） structures. Recently conducted inspection results of RC bridges have reported that many of the damages or deteriorations are observed at the girder ends and abutments This is caused from the water leakage due to the aged expansion joints. In general, the cost for repairing the damaged RC structures is much higher than that for renewing the expansion joints. Therefore, to prevent these damages, we developed a new highly durable jointless system, named RC plug joint, for existing RC bridges with a bridge length less than 40 meters. The RC plug joint connects the abutment＇s backwall to the superstructure＇s deck using reinforcing steel bars and fiber reinforced concrete. The newly developed RC plug joint system can prevent water leakage and allow for a smooth ride of vehicles at the joint. This paper will explore and discuss the development of the RC plug joint, analysis of conducted investigations, and future installation methods.

关键词： Jointless system RC plug joint field investigation leakage assessment travelling performance

Quick Clay Development and Cation Composition of Pore Water in Marine Sediments from the Ariake Bay Area, Japan

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International Journal of Geosciences 2014年第6期5卷 595-606页

作者： Phanny He masami Ohtsubo Hiroshi Abe Takahiro Higashi Motohei Kanayama Department of Bioproduction Environmental Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Department of Environmental Sciences for Sustainability Iwate University Morioka Japan

By analyzing the cation composition of pore water in the soil samples of Ariake Bay sediments, the present study assesses the development of quick clay by leaching in both the original and seawater-saturated soil samples. Divalent cations were dominant in the pore water of the original soil sample, whereas Na+ was the major cation in that of the seawater-saturated soil sample. The cation proportion in the pore water for both soil samples remained the same after leaching. The difference in pore water cation composition between the original and seawater-saturated soil samples affected how their geotechnical properties changed through leaching. The undisturbed shear strength of both soil samples remained almost the same, but a large disparity between the soil samples was observed in the remolded shear strength: it remained almost the same in the original soil sample after leaching. Hence, sensitivity was not increased and quick clay was not formed. However, in the seawater-saturated soil sample, the remolded shear strength decreased to a great extent, and quick clay with a sensitivity exceeding 700 developed. The lack of development of quick clay in the original soil sample is attributed to the dominance of divalent cations in the pore water, and the development of quick clay in the seawater-saturated soil sample is ascribed to the dominance of Na+ in the pore water.

关键词： Ariake Sediment Salt Leaching Quick Clay Divalent Cation Shear Strength Sensitivity

Skin Characteristics of Sites Predisposed to Pressure Ulcers among Bedridden Elderly Patients in Japan

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Open Journal of Nursing 2021年第6期11卷 497-512页

作者： Hiroko Takeshima Kohara Mitsunori Ikeda Kunihiko Yokotani masami Okawa Sanae Nishimoto Department of Nursing University of Kochi Kochi Japan Shiragikuen Hospital Tosa Kochi Japan

Background: Previous studies have not specifically measured skin characteristics at common sites of pressure ulcers in high-risk elderly patients. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the physiological skin characteristics at common pressure ulcer sites and their relationship with pressure ulcer risk and demographic/laboratory data in bedridden elderly Japanese patients. Methods: This study involved 55 elderly Japanese patients in a long-term care hospital and 25 female Japanese university students. Skin surface temperature, epidermal water content, transepidermal water loss, skin erythema/redness, skin elasticity, and skin thickness were measured using noninvasive devices. The sacral and both heel areas (sites predisposed to pressure ulcers) and mid-to-lower back area (control site) were observed. Results: Elderly patients showed a low epidermal water content at both heels (right heel, 14.8 ± 9.1 arbitrary units, AU.;left heel, 14.4 ± 8.3 AU). Transepidermal water loss remained acceptable at all sites in older patients despite the presence of dry skin (back, 7.1 ± 1.8 g/hm2;sacrum, 7.4 ± 3.0 g/hm2;right heel, 17.7 ± 7.1 g/hm2;left heel, 19.4 ± 8.1 g/hm2). Back (0.61 ± 0.13 AU) and sacral (0.67 ± 0.11 AU) skin elasticity and sacral skin thickness (0.97 ± 0.56 cm) were significantly lower than those of healthy young people (0.86 ± 0.04 AU, 0.87 ± 0.05 AU, and 2.27 ± 0.84 cm, respectively;p p p Conclusions: Our findings showed that skin thickness and elasticity should be prioritized when evaluating pressure ulcer risk at the sacral region in bedridden elderly Japanese patients. Moreover, skin moisturization

关键词： Epidermal Water Content Pressure Ulcer Skin Barrier Function Skin Elasticity Skin Erythema Skin Surface Temperature Skin Thickness

Carbon Characterization of Size-Segregated Particulate Matters (PMs) in Residential and Educational Areas in Padang City, Indonesia

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第8期9卷 225-238页

作者： Muhammad Amin Rahmi Mulia Putri Fadjar Goembira Mitsuhiko Hata masami Furuuchi Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Andalas University Padang Sumatera Barat Indonesia Faculty of Geoscience and Civil Engineering Institute of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan Faculty of Environmental Management Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand

Size-segregated of particulate matter (PM) including PM0.1 at two different sites, i.e., educational (EA) and residential (RA) areas in Padang city, Indonesia were sampled by using a cascade type air sampler for 24 hours with the average flowrate 40 l/m throughout three weeks (March, 08th-25th 2018). Carbonaceous components were analyses by a carbon analyzer following the IMPROVE_TOR protocol. Average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in RA were higher than those in EA while being below the NAAQS of Indonesia. However, it was much higher compared to the WHO limit for 24 hours in RA. OC was the dominant fraction in TC. OC/EC ratio ranging from 2.4 to 33.0 was similar at both sites, suggesting the OC was emitted from various sources. Char-EC and soot-EC ratio were founded to be minimized for PM0.1 (0.40 ± 0.27 and 0.39 ± 0.39, respectively at each site), indicating a more influence of burning of fossil fuel as vehicles exhaust and coal combustion. The transboundary influence of open biomass burning was not so significant although it cannot be ignored.

关键词： Size-Segregated Particle PM0.1 Residential Educational Carbon Compo-nent Indonesia

Cytopathic effects and local immune responses in repeated neoadjuvant HSV-tk+ ganciclovir gene therapy for prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Urology 2021年第3期8卷 280-288页

作者： Nobuyuki Yanagisawa Takefumi Satoh Ken-ichi Tabata Hideyasu Tsumura Yasutomo Nasu masami Watanabe Timothy C.Thompson Isao Okayasu Yoshiki Murakumo Shiro Baba Masatsugu Iwamura Department of Pathology St.Marianna University School of Medicine Yokohama-City Seibu HospitalYokohamaKanagawaJapan Department of Pathology Kitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan Department of Urology Kitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan Takefumi Satoh Prostate Clinic MachidaTokyoJapan Department of Urology Okayama UniversityOkayamaJapan Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine Okayama University HospitalOkayamaJapan Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology-Research Division of Cancer MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA Division of Nutrition School of Health CareKiryu UniversityMidori-City GunmaJapan

Objective:Cytopathic effects and local immune response were analyzed histologically in prostatic cancer(PCa)with in situ herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase(HSV-tk)/ganciclovir(GCV)gene therapy(GT).Methods:Four high-risk PCa patients who received HSV-tk/GCV GT were *** two cycles of intraprostatic injection of HSV-tk and administration of GCV,radical prostatectomy was ***-fixed,paraffin-embedded sections were evaluated using *** with hormone therapy(HT,n=3)or without neoadjuvant therapy(NT,n=4)that were equivalent in terms of risk were also examined as ***-positive cells were counted in at least three areas in cancer *** indices(LI)were calculated as percentage ***:ssDNA LI in GT increased,indicating apoptosis,as well as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD68-positive macrophages,compared with their *** cases showed significantly higher numbers of single-stranded DNA(ssDNA)LI,CD4/CD8-positive T cells and CD68-positive macrophages including M1/M2 macrophages than HT or NT ***,there was no significant difference in CD20-positive B cells among the types of *** were strong correlations between CD8+T cells and CD68+macrophages(ρ=0.656,p<0.0001)as well as CD4+T cells and CD20+B cells(ρ=0.644,p<0.0001)in PCa with ***:Enhanced cytopathic effect and local immune response might be indicated in PCa patients with HSV-tk/GCV gene therapy.

关键词： Suicide genetherapy Prostatecarcinoma HSV-tk Ganciclovir Immuno histochemistry

Impact of time from diagnosis to chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: A Propensity Score Matching Study to Balance Prognostic Factors

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第1期11卷 28-38页

作者： Tsutomu Nishida Aya Sugimoto Ryo Tomita Yu Higaki Naoto Osugi Kei Takahashi Kaori Mukai Tokuhiro Matsubara Dai Nakamatsu Shiro Hayashi Masashi Yamamoto Sachiko Nakajima Koji Fukui masami Inada Department of Gastroenterology Toyonaka Municipal Hospital

BACKGROUND It is unclear whether treatment delay affects the clinical outcomes of chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer(A-GC).AIM To assess whether treatment delay affects the clinical outcomes of chemotherapy in *** This single-center retrospective study examined consecutive patients with A-GC between April 2012 and July 2018. In total, 110 patients with stage Ⅳ A-GC who underwent chemotherapy were enrolled. We defined the wait time(WT) as the interval between diagnosis and chemotherapy initiation. We evaluated the influence of WT on overall survival(OS).RESULTS The mean OS was 303 d. The median WT was 17 d. We divided the patients into early and elective WT groups, with a 2-wk cutoff point. There were 46 and 64 patients in the early and elective WT groups, respectively. Compared with the elective WT group, the early WT group had significantly lower albumin(Alb)levels and higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios and C-reactive protein(CRP)levels but not a lower performance status. The elective WT group underwent more combination chemotherapy than did the early WT group. OS was different between the two groups(230 d vs 340 d, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that higher CRP levels, lower Alb levels and monotherapy were significantly related to a poor prognosis. To minimize potential selection bias,patients in the elective WT group were 1:1 propensity score matched with patients in the early WT group; no significant difference in OS was found(303 d vs 311 d, respectively, log-rank P = 0.9832).CONCLUSION A longer WT in patients with A-GC does not appear to be associated with a worse prognosis.

关键词： Advanced gastric cancer Waiting time Chemotherapy Prognosis Overall survival

A Case of Harvesting Anterolateral Thigh Flaps Twice from the Ipsilateral Thigh of a Single Patient in Separate Operations

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Surgical Science 2016年第4期7卷 185-190页

作者： Saito masami Kimura Naohiro Okochi Masayuki Tomizuka Yosuke Onda masamitsu Ueda Kazuki Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan Tsukiji Dermatology Plastic and Hand Surgery Tokyo Japan Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Social Insurance Funabashi Central Hospital Funabashi Japan Shinwa Clinic Shinjuku Tokyo Japan

Until now, harvesting of flap elevations from the ipsilateral thigh twice in the same patient in two operations has not been reported. We harvested thigh flaps twice from the ipsilateral thigh of a single patient in separate operations. A 44-year-old man had skin defects of the right thumb and the left middle finger. In the first operation, his right thumb was reconstructed by the hemi-pulp flap. The anterolateral thigh flap harvested from the left thigh transferred to the donor site defect of the hemi-pulp flap. Sixteen days after the first operation, another anterolateral thigh flap harvested from the left thigh transferred to the defect of the left middle finger. This operative procedure is very useful for cases requiring multi-flap transfer.

关键词： Anterolateral Thigh Flap Twice from the Ipsilateral Thigh Perforator Flap