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Tensile mechanical analysis of anisotropy and velocity dependence of the spinal cord white matter:a biomechanical study

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第12期16卷 2557-2562页

作者： Norihiro Nishida Itsuo Sakuramoto Yoshihiro Fujii Rudolf Yoga Hutama Fei Jiang Junji Ohgi Yasuaki Imajo Hidenori Suzuki masahiro funaba Xian Chen Takashi Sakai Department of Orthopedic Surgery Yamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineMinami-KogushiUbeYamaguchiJapan Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Tokuyama CollegeGakuendaiShunanYamaguchiJapan Faculty of Engineering Yamaguchi UniversityTokiwadai UbeYamaguchiJapan

In spinal cord injuries,external forces from various directions occur at various ***,it is important to physically evaluate whether the spinal cord is susceptible to damage and an increase in internal stress for external *** hypothesized that the spinal cord has mechanical features that vary under stress depending on the direction and velocity of ***,it is difficult to perform experiment because the spinal cord is very *** are no reports on the effects of multiple external *** this study,we used bovine spinal cord white matter to test and analyze the anisotropy and velocity dependence of the spinal ***-vertical,tensile-parallel,shear-vertical,and shear-parallel tests were performed on the white matter in the fibrous direction(cranial to caudal).Strain rate in the experiment was 0.1,1,10,and 100/*** calculated the Young’s modulus of the spinal *** of the tensile and shear tests revealed that stress tended to increase when external forces were applied parallel to the direction of axon fibers,such as in tensile-vertical and shear-vertical ***,external forces those tear against the fibrous direction and vertically,such as in tensile-parallel and shear-parallel tests,were less likely to increase stress even with increased *** found that the spinal cord was prone to external forces,especially in the direction of the fibers,and to be under increased stress levels when the velocity of external forces *** these results,we confirmed that the spinal cord has velocity dependence and *** Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Yamaguchi University waived the requirement for ethical approval.

关键词： anisotropy dependence external force mechanistic analysis spinal cord injury straining rate stress velocity dependence white matter

Laser ion source for heavy ion inertial fusion

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2018年第2期3卷 61-66页

作者： masahiro Okamura Collider-Accelerator Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryBuilding 930UptonNY 11973USA

The proposed heavy ion inertial fusion(HIF)scenarios require ampere class low charge state ion beams of heavy *** laser ion source(LIS)is recognized as one of the promising candidates of ion beam providers,since it can deliver high brightness heavy ion beams to *** design of LIS for the HIF depends on the accelerator structure and accelerator complex following the *** this article,we discuss the specifications and design of an appropriate LIS assuming two major types of the accelerators:radio frequency(RF)high quality factor cavity type and non-resonant induction core *** believe that a properly designed LIS would satisfy the requirements of both types,while some issues need to be verified experimentally.

关键词： Inertial fusion Accelerator Ion source Laser ablation Heavy ion source

On a Relation between the Universal Teichmu¨ller Space and the Grunsky Operator

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2014年第4期30卷 591-600页

作者： masahiro YANAGISHITA Departments in Fundamental Science and Engineering Waseda University

Being a Strebel point gives a sufficient condition for that the extremal Beltrami coefficient is uniquely determined in a Teichmiiller equivalence class. We consider how Strebel points are characterized. In this paper, we will give a new characterization of Strebel points in a certain subset of the universal Teichmfiller space by a property of the Grunsky operator.

关键词： Quasiconformal mappings Strebel points Grunsky inequalities

An Inverse Problem for Maxwell's Equations in Anisotropic Media

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2007年第1期28卷 35-54页

作者： masahiro YAMAMOTO Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro Tokyo 153Japan

The authors consider Maxwell＇s equations for an isomagnetic anisotropic and inhomogeneous medium in two dimensions, and discuss an inverse problem of determining the permittivity tensor （ε1,ε2,ε2,ε3 ） and the permeability μ in the constitutive relations from a finite number of lateral boundary measurements. Applying a Carleman estimate, the authors prove an estimate of the Lipschitz type for stability, provided that ε1,ε2,ε3,μ satisfy some a priori conditions.

关键词： Anisotropic media Inverse problem Maxwell's equations Carleman estimate Lipschitz stability

Recycle for Sludge Scrap of Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnet as Isotropic Bonded Magnet

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Journal of Rare Earths 2004年第1期22卷 168-171页

作者： masahiro Itoh masahiro Masuda Shunji Suzuki Ken-ichi Machida Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Science and TechnologyCollaborative Research Center for Advanced Science and TechnologyCollaborative Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871

The reduction diffusion method was performed for the sludge scrap of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets with adding Ca metal to recover the oxidized Nd-Fe-B phase. After washing the resultant powders to remove Ca metal component, the powders obtained were recycled as an isotropic magnetic powder by the melt spinning method. The magnetic properties of powders as recycled were inferior, especially for the coercivity value, due to the deletion of rare earth metals during the washing process. The adjustment of metal composition, i.e., the addition of Nd metal, at the melt spinning process improved the magnetic properties to be B r=～0.75 T, H cj=～0.93 mA·m -1, and (BH) max=～91 kJ·m -3. The magnetic properties of the bonded magnets prepared from the composition-adjusted powders were B r=～0.66 T, H cj=～0.92 mA·m -1, and (BH) max=～70 kJ·m -3, which are approximately comparable to the commercially available MQPB boned one (B r=～0.73 T, H cj=～0.79 mA·m -1, and (BH) max=～86 kJ·m -3).

关键词： Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet recycling isotropic Nd-Fe-B bonded magnet melt-spinning method sludge scrap rare earths

Zn Dissolution-Passivation Behavior with ZnO Formation via In Situ Characterizations

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 193-200页

作者： Tanyanyu Wang masahiro Kunimoto masahiro Yanagisawa Masayuki Morita Takeshi Abe Takayuki Homma Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University1-104 TotsukamachiShinjuku-kuTokyo 169-8050Japan Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation Kyoto UniversityGokashoUji 611-0011Japan Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto UniversityKyoto daigaku-katsuraNishikyo-kuKyoto 615-8510Japan

In this study,ZnO formation during the dissolution-passivation process of Zn anodes is observed via in situ Raman and optical *** Zn passivation during galvanostatic anodization merely follows the dissolution-precipitation model,whereas that of potentiodynamic polarization exhibits different behaviors in different potential ***,the Zn electrode is gradually covered by a ZnO precipitation film and then undergoes solid-state oxidation at~255 *** starting point of solid-state oxidation is well indicated by the abrupt current drop and yellow coloration of the electrode *** the pseudo passivation,an intense current oscillation is ***,blink-like color changes between yellow and dark blue are revealed for the first time,implying that the oscillation is caused by the dynamic adsorption and desorption of OH *** as-formed ZnOs then experience a dissolution-reformation evolution,during which the crystallinity of the primary ZnO film is improved but the solid-state-formed ZnO layer becomes rich in oxygen ***,oxide densification is realized,contributing to the Zn *** study provides new insights into the Zn dissolution-passivation behavior,which is critical for the future optimization of Zn batteries.

关键词： in situ characterization Zn dissolution and passivation ZnO formation

Explainable artificial intelligence and interpretable machine learning for agricultural data analysis

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2022年第1期6卷 257-265页

作者： masahiro Ryo Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research(ZALF) Eberswalder Str.8415374 MünchebergGermany Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus–Senftenberg Platz der Deutschen Einheit 103046 CottbusGermany

Artificial intelligence and machine learning have been increasingly applied for prediction in agricultural ***,many models are typically black boxes,meaning we cannot explain what the models learned from the data and the reasons behind *** address this issue,I introduce an emerging subdomain of artificial intelligence,explainable artificial intelligence(XAI),and associated toolkits,interpretable machine *** study demonstrates the usefulness of several methods by applying them to an openly available *** dataset includes the no-tillage effect on crop yield relative to conventional tillage and soil,climate,and management *** analysis discovered that no-tillage management can increase maize crop yield where yield in conventional tillage is<5000 kg/ha and the maximum temperature is higher than 32°.These methods are useful to answer(i)which variables are important for prediction in regression/classification,(ii)which variable interactions are important for prediction,(iii)how important variables and their interactions are associated with the response variable,(iv)what are the reasons underlying a predicted value for a certain instance,and(v)whether different machine learning algorithms offer the same answer to these questions.I argue that the goodness of model fit is overly evaluated with model performance measures in the current practice,while these questions are *** and interpretable machine learning can enhance trust and explainability in AI.

关键词： Interpretable machine learning Explainable artificial intelligence Agriculture Crop yield No-tillage XAI

Recent Advances in Protein Extraction and Chiral Separation of Biomolecules

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2006年第2期11卷 194-201页

作者： masahiro Goto Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

Reverse micelles create unique environment in organic media. They are capable of solubilizing hydrophilic biomolecules （e.g., proteins, peptides, amino acids, and DNAs） in their aqueous interior. This feature brings about the practical use of biomaterials in organic media because reverse micelles solubilize them with the intrinsic activity. In this paper, we focus on recent two topics concerning protein extraction and chiral separation of biomolecules using liquid membranes. In the first topic, we present recent attempts to extract proteins from an aqueous solution into isooctane using reverse micelles, and some important operational parameters to achieve an efficient protein transfer are discussed. Furthermore, novel function of reverse micelles as a protein activation medium is introduced. In the reverse micellar phase, denatured proteins were completely reactivated in the reverse micellar solution. The reverse micellar technique is found to be a useful tool not only for protein separation but also for protein refolding. Furthermore, we found that a cyclic ligand carixarene has an extraction ability to set up optimum conditions for protein transfer. In the second topic, we have found that a supported liquid membrane （SLM） encapsulating enzymes shows high enantioselectivity （enantioselective excess value is over 96%） in the transport of racemic pharmaceutical compound ibuprofen. A different experiment also suggests that the α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed reactions droved the enantioselective transport of L-phenylalanine based on the enantioselectivity of the enzyme. The SLM encapsulating the surfactant-enzyme complex enabled the highly enantioselective separation of racemic mixtures. It can be envisioned that arrangement of appropriate enzymes in the SLM system will allow enantioselective separation of various useful organic compounds.

关键词： protein extraction chiral separation reverse micellar technique

Photocatalytic dry reforming of methane by rhodium supported monoclinic TiO_(2)-B nanobelts

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第8期31卷 562-571,I0015页

作者： Masaru Kushida Akira Yamaguchi masahiro Miyauchi School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1 OokayamaMeguro-kuTokyo 152-8552Japan

The conversion of methane and carbon dioxide into syngas(dry reforming of methane;DRM)has attracted attention owing to the potential to reuse greenhouse *** dioxide(TiO_(2))-based photocatalysts,which have been widely commercialized owing to their high efficiency,non-toxicity,and low cost,are strongly desired in ***,we report a monoclinic-phase TiO_(2)-B nanobelts-supported rhodium(Rh/TiO_(2)-B nanobelts)catalyst that efficiently promotes DRM under ultraviolet light irradiation at low *** holes in the TiO_(2)-B nanobelts were used to oxidize methane,while the electrons were trapped in rhodium to reduce carbon ***/TiO_(2)-B nanobelts exhibited considerably higher durability and activity than Rh-loaded conventional TiO_(2)(anatase and rutile),owing to the lattice and/or surface oxygen reactivity in TiO_(2)-B nanobelts,which was suggested by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and photocatalytic performance tests under an atmosphere of methane *** study paves the path for the effective utilization of methane by constructing active TiO_(2)-based nanometal photocatalysts.

关键词： Photocatalysis Dry reforming of methane Greenhouse gas conversion Gas-phase reaction Titanium dioxide TiO_(2)-B