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Complete coverage of reduced graphene oxide on silicon dioxide substrates

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第8期23卷 143-146页

作者： Huang Jingfeng Melanie Larisika Chen Hu Steve Faulkner Myra A.Nimmo Christoph nowak Alfred Tok Iing Yoong School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Institute for Sports Research Nanyang Technological University Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University

Reduced graphene oxide （RGO） has the advantage of an aqueous and industrial-scale production route. No other approaches can rival the RGO field effect transistor platform in terms of cost （〈US$1） and portability （millimetre scale）. However the large deviations in the electrical resistivity of this fabricated material prevent it from being used widely. After an ethanol chemical vapor deposition （CVD） post-treatment to graphene oxide with ethanol, carbon islets are deposited preferentially at the edges of existing flakes. With a 2-h treatment, the standard deviation in electrical resistance of the treated chips can be reduced by 99.95%. Thus this process could enable RGO to be used in practical electronic devices.

关键词： graphene oxide reduced graphene oxide graphene growth field effect transistor

China＇s Development Aid Strategies

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Chinese Business Review 2015年第4期14卷 201-209页

作者： Wioletta nowak University of Wroclaw Wroclaw Poland

The article studies China＇s development assistance policy during the last decades. It shows the evolution of Chinese approach to providing foreign aid. The analysis is based on White Papers on China＇s Foreign Aid from 2011 and 2014, theoretical studies, and reports on China＇s foreign aid. From the beginning of the 21st century, China has become one of the most important emerging donors. Chinese aid is primarily provided to Africa, Latin America, Asia, and the Pacific. Depending on the region, the assistance is directed to large-scale infrastructure projects, energy facilities, or natural resource development activities. The aid is combined with investments and trade arrangements. Generally, China＇s aid programme is driven by economic, diplomatic, and strategic objectives. The rules according to which Chinese assistance is provided to developing countries differ significantly from the rules established by Development Assistance Committee （DAC） members. Aid-receiving countries do not have to fulfil strict development assistance regimes and adopt specific economic policies and targets.

关键词： China development aid emerging donor developing countries South-South cooperation

Sino-European Trade Competition in Latin America and the Caribbean

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Chinese Business Review 2014年第9期13卷 552-561页

作者： Wioletta nowak University of Wroclaw Wroclaw Poland

The article studies trade in goods between China and the Latin American and Caribbean （LAC） countries and between the European Union （EU） and LAC during the years from 2000 to 2013. From the beginning of the 21st century, big changes in LAC＇s trade patterns have been observed. The article contains possible explanation of them. The analysis is based on the ECLAC （Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean） data. Merchandise trade between China and LAC grew significantly over the period from 2000 to 2013. In 2013, the value of merchandise exports from China was higher than from the EU-28 in the case of 12 LAC countries. Chinese imports of goods surpassed the European ones in five countries in the region. In order to increase its exports of manufactured goods and imports of natural resources and agricultural commodities, China combines trade arrangements with foreign aid policy. Besides, a rapid development of bilateral diplomatic ties between China and LAC is observed. The EU-LAC trade relations have worsened during the last decade mainly due to financial crisis and development of the EU-Asia trade relations.

关键词： China merchandise trade foreign aid European Union (EU)

The orbital phase resolved spectroscopy of X-ray binary 4U 1822–371 with Suzaku

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第4期16卷 37-46页

作者： Shu Niu Shu-Ping Yan Shi-Jun Lei Michael A.nowak Norbert S.Schulz Li Ji Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research CambridgeMA 02139USA

4U 1822-371 is a typical edge-on eclipsing low mass X-ray binary and the prototype of accre- tion disk coronal sources. We report on the results of a spectral analysis over the energy range 0.5-45 keV observed by Suzaku in 2006. We extract spectra from five orbital phases. The spectra can be equally well described by various previously proposed models： an optically thick model described by a partially cov- ered cutoff power law and an optically thin model described by a blackbody plus a cutoff power law. The optically thick model requires a covering fraction of about 55%, while the optically thin model requires a temperature of the central source of about 0.16 keV. The spectrum in the optically thick model also shows the previously detected cyclotron line feature at ~30 keV with the same Suzaku observation. This fea- ture confirms the presence of a strong magnetic field. The Fe Ks fluorescent line strengths as well as the detected Fe xxvI strengths are similar to previous Chandra and XMM-Newton detections in our phased spectral analysis; however, we also observe strong Fe xxvI during the eclipse, which indicates a slightly larger central corona.

关键词： accretion accretion disks -- binaries: eclipsing -- line: formation -- binaries: spectroscopic-- X-rays: binaries

Health hazards related to conidia of Cladosporium—biological air pollutants in Poland, central Europe

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第3期30卷 271-281页

作者： Elzbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska Idalia Kasprzyk Malgorzata nowak Aneta Sulborska Joanna Kaczmarek Agata Szymanska Weronika Haratym Miroslaw Gilski Malgorzata Jedryczka Department of Botany Lublin University of Life Sciences Department of Environmental Biology University of Rzeszow Laboratory of Aeropalynology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Department and Clinic of Dermatology University of Medical Sciences Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Department of Crystallography Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University

The spores of Cladosporium Link. are often present in the air in high quantities and produce many allergenic proteins, which may lead to asthma. An aerobiological spore monitoring program can inform patients about the current spore concentration in air and help their physicians determine the spore dose that is harmful for a given individual. This makes it possible to develop optimized responses and propose personalized therapy for a particular sensitive patient. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of the human health hazard posed by the fungal genus Cladosporium. For the first time, we have determined the number of days on which air samples in Poland exceeded the concentrations linked to allergic responses of sensitive patients, according to thresholds established by three different groups（2800/3000/4000 spores per 1 m^3 of the air）. The survey was conducted over three consecutive growing seasons（April–September, 2010–2012） in three cities located in different climate zones of Poland（Poznan, Lublin and Rzeszow）. The average number of days exceeding 2800 spores per cubic meter（the lowest threshold） ranged from 61（2010） through 76（2011） to 93（2012）, though there was significant variation between cities. In each year the highest concentration of spores in the air was detected in either Poznan or Lublin, both located on large plains with intensive agriculture. We have proposed that an effective, science-based software platform to support policy-making on air quality should incorporate biological air pollutant data,such as allergenic fungal spores and pollen grains.

关键词： Environmental contaminant Biological air pollution Inhalant allergy AsthmaAllergen Conidium

Partial Derivatives, Singular Integrals and Sobolev Spaces in Dyadic Settings

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Analysis in Theory and Applications 2023年第3期39卷 287-298页

作者： Hugo Aimar Juan Comesatti Ivana Gómez Luis nowak Instituto de Matemática Aplicada del Litoral“Dra.Eleonor Harboure” UNLCONICETCCT CONICET Santa FePredio“Dr.Alberto Cassano”Colectora Ruta Nac.168 km 0Paraje El PozoS3007ABA Santa FeArgentina Instituto de Investigación en Tecnologías y Ciencias de la Ingeniería Universidad Nacional del ComahueCONICET/Departamento de Matemática-FaEA-UNComaNeuquénArgentina

In this note we show that the general theory of vector valued singular integral operators of Calderón-Zygmund defined on general metric measure spaces,can be applied to obtain Sobolev type regularity properties for solutions of the dyadic fractional *** doing so,we define partial derivatives in terms of Haar multipliers and dyadic homogeneous singular integral operators.

关键词： Sobolev regularity Haar basis space of homogeneous type Calder´on-Zygmund operator dyadic analysis

Amateur Sports of the Elderly: A Chance for Health and a Higher Quality of Life

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Advances in Aging Research 2014年第3期3卷 222-229页

作者： Pawel F nowak Department of Physical Education and Physiotherapy Opole University of TechnologyOpolePoland

A significant increase in sports-leisure activity events in recent years presents the opportunity to compete in all age categories. Among the many sport varieties, special attention ought to be paid to amateur sports—recreational sports, particularly in the context of the increasing leisure time among the elderly. Recreational sports activities are free of many distortions and defects of the modern professional sport. Recreational sports are egalitarian, not exclusive. The health paradigm is always at the heart of it, along with a strong emphasis on hedonism. Sport activities reveal self-fulfillment as the highest needs, giving fulfillment and satisfaction. The ease in the selection of a sports goal makes the amateur sports an important tool for the shaping of persons’ life and health. A sports goal, which is participating in sports events, provides a strong motivation for systematic work. Striving for transgression is a source of strong emotions and satisfaction. Struggling with a persons’ own body, with old age, may be a valuable challenge that would positively impact wellbeing in the psychosocial aspect. This study shows a social phenomenon of sports activity among the elderly, dynamically growing in Poland. It also presents multiple benefits for the general wellbeing as well as the potential threats which a lack of distance to the sports rivalry may cause when it crosses the line behind which a persistent pursuit of the purpose (sport result) may end up in health damage. The line between recreation and sport is thin and difficult to distinguish. Animators, trainers, and instructors need to skillfully manage the interests of older people so that their involvement in physical activity determines a safe and healthy lifestyle.

关键词： Recreational Sports Old Age Health Quality of Life

The Politics of Human Perfection and the Politics of Human Imperfection： Chantal Mouffe versus Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens on European Inequalities

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2016年第10期4卷 641-649页

作者： Malgorzata Borkowska-nowak The John Paul II University of Lublin Lublin Poland

The title of this paper refers to Michael Oakeshott＇s distinction between the politics of faith and the politics of scepticism. The ＂faith＂ expresses a belief in the capacity of government to concentrate all the power and resources upon the project of human improvement and perfection, while the ＂scepticism＂ is the politics of the powerless in which government cannot produce perfection and enjoys only limited opportunity of directing the activities of its subjects. The aim of this article is to revise Oakeshott＇s distinction in order to apply it to the discussion on inequalities affecting Europe. This discussion held by Chantal Mouffe, Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens focused on issues such as： modern patterns of inequality, the coexistence of different ethnic, religious and political forms of life, ＂legitimization＂ of social inequalities, the institutionalization of norms of equality, the problem of recognition, the common identity and so on. The key question is： How the values of equality and justice are best realized in the structure of modern society？ To answer this question, it is necessary not only to assess critilically the authority of governments, but also to examine possible ways of development of the idea of liberal democracy and power relations in contemporary political socidtts. What is our perspective on the way to solve these problems--the reinvention of politics or democratizing democracy？ Even if this research will not help us to find the best political project, however we may be less often cheated in this discussion by irrelevant and ambiguous arguments.

关键词： human perfection human imperfection inequalities liberal democracy globalization

Impact of fecal incontinence on quality of life

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第26期15卷 3276-3282页

作者： Lynne Bartlett Madeleine nowak Yik-Hong Ho School of Public Health Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Scienceswithin North Queensland Centre for Cancer ResearchJames Cook University School of Medicine and Dentistry within the North Queensland Centre for Cancer ResearchJames Cook University

AIM:To explore the impact of fecal incontinence (FI) on quality of life (QOL) of patients attending urogynecology and colorectal clinics (CCs).METHODS:Cross-sectional study of 154 patients (27 male) with FI,who attended the clinics at a regional hospital in North Queensland,Australia in 2003 and 2004,and completed the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (FIQL:1=very affected;4=not affected).RESULTS:More than 22% of patients had their QOL affected severely by *** reported that they had not previously been asked about FI by a medical practitioner nor did they voluntarily disclose its *** median FIQL scores for all participants were:lifestyle=3.24;coping=2.23;depression=2.42;and embarrassment=*** frequency of soiling had a negative effect on all four FIQL scales (P < 0.001) as did the quantity of soiling (P < 0.01).Female CC patients had poorer FIQL scores than urogynecology clinic patients for lifestyle (P=0.015),coping (P=0.004) and embarrassment (P=0.009),but not depression (P=0.062),despite having experienced FI for a shorter ***:Failure to seek treatment for FI degrades the quality of patients' lives over *** assessment tools should incorporate the quantity of fecal loss.

关键词： Quality of life Fecal incontinence Rural health Colorectal cancer Urogynecology