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Rice-wheat comparative genomics:Gains and gaps

The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 656-669页

作者： Akila Wijerathna-Yapa Ruchi Bishnoi Buddhini Ranawaka Manu Maya Magar Hafeez Ur Rehman Swati G.Bharad Michal T.Lorenc Vinita Ramtekey Sasha Gohar Charu Lata Md.Harun-Or-Rashid maryam razzaq Muhammad Sajjad Bhoja *** School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding College of AgricultureUmmedganj-KotaAgriculture UniversityKotaRajasthan 324001India Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy Queensland University of Technology(QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia UWA School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia Nepal Agriculture Research Council KhumaltarLalitpurNepal Department of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Department of Agricultural Botany Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi VidyapeethAkola 444104MaharashtraIndia ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science MauUttar Pradesh 275103India School of Natural Sciences Macquarie UniversityMacquarie ParkNSW 2109Australia ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research Flowrdale 54642ShimlaIndia International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)Bangladesh Office Gulshan-2Dhaka 1212Bangladesh Center for Seed Science University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Biosciences COMSATS University IslamabadPark RoadTarlai KalanIslamabad 45550Pakistan CGIAR’s Excellence in Breeding(EiB)Platform/Accelerated Breeding Initiative International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)El Batán 56237Mexico

Rice and wheat provide nearly 40%of human calorie and protein *** share a common ancestor and belong to the Poaceae(grass)*** their genetic homology is crucial for developing new cultivars with enhanced *** wheat genes and gene families have been characterized based on their rice ***–wheat orthology can identify genetic regions that regulate similar traits in both ***–wheat comparative genomics can identify candidate wheat genes in a genomic region identified by association or QTL mapping,deduce their putative functions and biochemical pathways,and develop molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding.A knowledge of gene homology facilitates the transfer between crops of genes or genomic regions associated with desirable traits by genetic engineering,gene editing,or wide crossing.

关键词： Comparative genomics Orthologs Genes Synteny Genetic engineering Molecular breeding

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Study for obtaining the exact solutions for the propagation of pulses in optical fibers

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第10期76卷 12-23页

作者： Arzu Akbulut Waseem razzaq Filiz Tascan Department of Mathematics Faculty of Arts and ScienceBursa Uludağ UniversityBursaTürkiye Math Center House no 87 Rahmanyia ColonyVehariPakistan Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences Faculty of Arts and ScienceEskisehir Osmangazi UniversityEskisehirTürkiye

In this study, the exact solutions for the propagation of pulses in optical fibers are *** values are given in the model used, and two nonlinear differential equations are *** equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations with the help of wave transformations. Then, the obtained differential equations are solved by two different methods,namely the modified simplest equation and the modified Kudryashov procedures. The solutions are given by hyperbolic, trigonometric and rational functions and the results are useful for optics,engineering and other related areas. Finally three-dimensional, contour and two-dimensional shapes are given for some solutions. These figures are important for understanding the motion of the wave. The given methods are applied to the equations for the first time. To the best of the authors' knowledge, these results are new and have not been obtained in the literature. The results are useful for applied mathematics, physics and other related areas.

关键词： traveling wave transformation exact solutions the modified simplest equation procedure

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Two-dimensional investigation of characteristic parameters and their gradients for the self-generated electric and magnetic fields of laser-induced zirconium plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第5期26卷 138-155页

作者： Tayyaba SAJID Shazia BASHIR Mahreen AKRAM Maira razzaq Khaliq MAHMOOD Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics Institute of PhysicsGovernment College University LahoreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Physics Institute of PhysicsGovernment College University LahoreLahore 54000Pakistan

Two-dimensional diagnosis of laser-induced zirconium(Zr)plasma has been experimentally performed using the time-of-flight method by employing Faraday cups in addition to electric and magnetic *** characteristic parameters of laser-induced Zr plasma have been evaluated as a function of different laser irradiances ranging from 4.5 to 11.7 GW cm-2 at different axial positions of 1–4 cm with a fixed radial distance of 2 cm.A well-supporting correlation between the plume parameters and the laser-plasma-produced spontaneous electric and magnetic(E and B)fields was *** measurements of the characteristic parameters and spontaneously induced fields were observed to have an increasing trend with the increasing laser ***,when increasing the spatial distance in both the axial and radial directions,the plasma parameters(electron/ion number density,temperature and kinetic energy)did not show either continuously increasing or decreasing trends due to various kinetic and dynamic processes during the spatial evolution of the ***,the E and B fields were observed to be always diffusing away from the *** radial component of electron number densities remained higher than the axial number density component,whereas the axial ion number density at all laser irradiances and axial distances remained higher than the radial ion number *** higher axial self-generated electric field(SGEF)values than radial SGEF values are correlated with the effective charge-separation mechanism of electrons and *** generation of a self-generated magnetic field is observed dominantly in the radial direction at increasing laser irradiance as compared to the axial one due to the deflection of fast-moving electrons and the persistence of two-electron temperature on the radial axis.

关键词： Faraday cup axial and radial expansion space-charge effect laser-induced zirconium plasma two-electron temperature distribution self-generated electric and magnetic fields

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Optimization of the mechanical performance and damage failure characteristics of laminated composites based on fiber orientation

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023年第9期17卷 1357-1369页

作者： Hussein DALFI Anwer AL-OBAIDI Abdalameer TARIQ Hussein razzaq Roham RAFIEE Mechanical Department College of EngineeringUniversity of WasitKut 35140Iraq Composites Research Laboratory Faculty of New Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of TehranTehran 33134Iran

In this study,the effect of fiber angle on the tensile load-bearing performance and damage failure characteristics of glass composite laminates was investigated experimentally,analytically,and *** glass fabric in the laminate was perfectly aligned along the load direction(i.e.,at 0°),offset at angles of 30°and 45°,or mixed in different directions(i.e.,0°/30°or 0°/45°).The composite laminates were fabricated using vacuum-assisted resin *** influence of fiber orientation angle on the mechanical properties and stiffness degradation of the laminates was studied via cyclic tensile strength ***,simulations have been conducted using finite element analysis and analytical approaches to evaluate the influence of fiber orientation on the mechanical performance of glass *** testing revealed that,although the composite laminates laid along the 0°direction exhibited the highest stiffness and strength,their structural performance deteriorated *** also determined that increasing the fiber offset angle(i.e.,30°)could optimize the mechanical properties and damage failure characteristics of glass *** results of the numerical and analytical approaches demonstrated their ability to capture the mechanical behavior and damage failure modes of composite laminates with different fiber orientations,which may be used to prevent the catastrophic failures that occur in composite laminates.

关键词： fiber orientation composite laminates stiffness degradation analytical approaches finite element analysis

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Estimating the pre-and post-diagnosis costs of tuberculosis for adults in Pakistan:household economic impact and costs mitigating strategies

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Global Health Research and Policy 2022年第1期7卷 319-328页

作者： Shama razzaq Aysha Zahidie Zafar Fatmi Health Services Academy Opposite National Institute of Health(NIH)Islama-badPakistan Aga Khan University Community Health Sciences Stadium RoadPO Box 3500Karachi 74800Pakistan

Background:Despite free tuberculosis(TB)care in Pakistan,patients still have to bear high costs,which push them into *** study estimated the pre-and post-diagnosis costs households bear for TB care,and investigated coping mechanisms among adults≥18 years in Karachi,***:We conducted a cross-sectional study comprising of 516 TB patients identified with completion of at least one month intensive treatment from four public sector health facilities from two institutes in Karachi,Pakistan.A standardized questionnaire to estimate patient’s costs was *** study outcomes were direct medical and non-medical costs,and indirect *** costs were estimated during pre-diagnostic and post-diagnostic phase which includes diagnostic,treatment,and hospitalization phases.A descriptive analysis including mean and standard deviation(±SD),median and interquartile range(IQR),and frequencies and proportions(%)was ***:Out of 516 TB patients,52.1%were female with a mean age of 32.4(±13.7)*** median costs per patient during the pre-diagnostic,diagnostic,treatment and hospitalization periods were estimated at USD63.8/PKR7,377,USD24/PKR2,755,USD10.5/PKR1,217,and USD349.0/PKR40,300,*** total household median cost was estimated at USD129.2/PKR14,919 per *** median indirect cost was estimated at USD52.0/PKR5,950 per *** total,54.1%of patients preferred and consulted private providers in the first place at the onset of symptoms,while,36%attended public healthcare services,5%and 4.1%went to dispensary and pharmacy,respectively,as a first point of ***:TB patients bear substantial out-of-pocket costs before they are enrolled in publically funded TB *** should be provision of transport and food vouchers,also health insurance for in-patient *** advocates a critical investigation into an existing financial support network for TB patients in Pakistan towards reducing the burden.

关键词： Household expenditures Pre-and post-diagnostic costs TB care Adults Pakistan

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In silico Prediction and Analysis of Potential Off-Targets and Off-Target Mutation Detection in StERF3-Gene Edited Potato Plants

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第8期92卷 2451-2460页

作者： Hafiza Arooj razzaq Siddra Ijaz Imran Ul Haq Faisal Saeed Awan Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology(CABB) University of AgricultureFaisalabad38040Pakistan Department of Plant Pathology University of AgricultureFaisalabad38040Pakistan

The imperative aspect of the CRISPR/Cas9 system is a short stretch of 20 nucleotides of gRNA that control the overall speciﬁ*** to the small size,the chance of its multiple occurrences in the genome increases;however,a few mismatches are tolerated by the Cas9 endonuclease *** accurate and careful in silico-based off-target prediction while target selection is preferred to address the *** predictions are based on a comprehensive set of selectable ***,we investigated the possible off-target prediction and their screening in StERF3 gene-edited potato plants while developing StERF3-loss-of-function mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 *** 201 off-targets for the selected targets of the StERF3 gene were predicted,and 79 wereﬁltered as potential *** these 79,twenty-ﬁve off-targets showed scores with deﬁned cut-off values<0.5 and were analyzed in Sterf3-edited potato plants compared to wild-type *** off-targeting was found to have occurred in edited plants.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 system potato CCTop algorithm scoring off-target edits

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Impact of rangeland enclosure and seasonal grazing on protected and unprotected rangelands in Chakwal region, Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第4期19卷 46-57页

作者： ISLAM Muhammad razzaq Abdul ZUBAIR Muhammad HASSAN Sawsan AHMAD Sarfraz GUL Shamim RISCHKOWSKY Barbara LOUHAICHI Mounir International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) South AsiaIslamabad 44050Pakistan Animal Science Division Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilIslamabad 44050Pakistan Department of Forestry and Range Management Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 66000Pakistan International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) Amman 11185Jordan Natural Resource Division Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilIslamabad 44050Pakistan Botany Department University of Balochistan Quetta 87300Pakistan Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill UniversityQuebec H9X3V9Canada International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) SSAILRI campusAddis Ababa 5689Ethiopia International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) Tunis 1004Tunisia

Scrub rangelands support livestock grazing and provide ecosystem services to their inhabitants. The present study was conducted in Chakwal, an important tract of the Pothwar Plateau,which sustains herds of small domestic and nomadic ruminants. Urbanization and uncontrolled grazing practices have reduced rangeland productivity and increased soil erosion and resulted in poor land conditions. This study assessed the influence of two years of rangeland protection on aboveground vegetation biomass and the chemical composition of plants and aimed to determine the influence of seasonal grazing on the live-weight gain of small *** the line intercept method, vegetation data from protected and unprotected plots in 2015 and 2016 were collected at two sites, Dhulli and *** cover was assessed from images using VegMeasure. Results showed that protected study sites displayed higher vegetation biomass(834 and 690 kg ha^(-1)) compared to the unprotected study site(477 and 326 kg ha^(-1)) during April and August of both years. In the seasonal grazing trial, the experimental ewes that grazed on protected rangelands showed higher live-weight gain(33–63 g day^(-1)) compared to live weight of ewes(17–21 g day^(-1)) that grazed on unprotected rangelands during the experimental period of 127 days at both sites. The results suggest that the Chakwal rangeland has tremendous potential to improve vegetation productivity but modern livestock management and seasonal grazing practices are needed to improve carrying capacity and livestock productivity.

关键词： Seasonal grazing Climate change Productivity Rangeland Protected area

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Text Sentiment Analysis Using Frequency-Based Vigorous Features

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China Communications 2019年第12期16卷 145-153页

作者： Abdul razzaq Muhammad Asim Zulqrnain Ali Salman Qadri Imran Mumtaz Dost Muhammad Khan Qasim Niaz Department of Computer Science MNS-University of AgricultureMultan60600Pakistan University of Management and Technology(UMT) Lahore54000Pakistan NFC Institute of Engineering&Technology Multan60600Pakistan Department of CS&IT The Islamia University of Bahawalpur63100Pakistan Computer Science Department University of AgricultureFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Institute of Southern PunjabMultan60600Pakistan

Sentiment Analysis, an un-abating research area in text mining, requires a computational method for extracting useful information from text. In recent days, social media has become a really rich source to get information about the behavioral state of people(opinion) through reviews and comments. Numerous techniques have been aimed to analyze the sentiment of the text, however, they were unable to come up to the complexity of the sentiments. The complexity requires novel approach for deep analysis of sentiments for more accurate prediction. This research presents a three-step Sentiment Analysis and Prediction(SAP) solution of Text Trend through K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN). At first, sentences are transformed into tokens and stop words are removed. Secondly, polarity of the sentence, paragraph and text is calculated through contributing weighted words, intensity clauses and sentiment shifters. The resulting features extracted in this step played significant role to improve the results. Finally, the trend of the input text has been predicted using KNN classifier based on extracted features. The training and testing of the model has been performed on publically available datasets of twitter and movie reviews. Experiments results illustrated the satisfactory improvement as compared to existing solutions. In addition, GUI(Hello World) based text analysis framework has been designed to perform the text analytics.

关键词： text mining sentiment analysis sentiment shifters KNN

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Overexpression of GATA binding protein 4 and myocyte enhancer factor 2C induces differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into cardiac-like cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2022年第9期14卷 700-713页

作者： Syeda Saima razzaq Irfan Khan Nadia Naeem Asmat Salim Sumreen Begum Kanwal Haneef University of Karachi Karachi 75270Pakistan Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research International Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology&Biomedical Sciences(DRIBBS) Dow University of Health Sciences(DUHS)Ojha CampusKarachi 75200Pakistan Stem Cells Research Laboratory(SCRL) Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation(SIUT)Karachi 74200Pakistan

BACKGROUND Heart diseases are the primary cause of death all over the *** myocardial infarction,billions of cells die,resulting in a huge loss of cardiac *** cell-based therapies have appeared as a new area to support heart *** transcription factors GATA binding protein 4(GATA-4)and myocyte enhancer factor 2C(MEF2C)are considered prominent factors in the development of the cardiovascular *** To explore the potential of GATA-4 and MEF2C for the cardiac differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs).METHODS hUC-MSCs were characterized morphologically and immunologically by the presence of specific markers of MSCs via immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry,and by their potential to differentiate into osteocytes and ***-MSCs were transfected with GATA-4,MEF2C,and their combination to direct the *** differentiation was confirmed by semiquant itative real-time polymerase chain reaction and *** hUC-MSCs expressed specific cell surface markers CD105,CD90,CD44,and vimentin but lack the expression of *** transcription factors GATA-4 and MEF2C,and their combination induced differentiation in hUC-MSCs with significant expression of cardiac genes i.e.,GATA-4,MEF2C,NK2 homeobox 5(NKX2.5),MHC,and connexin-43,and cardiac proteins GATA-4,NKX2.5,cardiac troponin T,and *** Transfection with GATA-4,MEF2C,and their combination effectively induces cardiac differentiation in *** genetically modified MSCs could be a promising treatment option for heart diseases in the future.

关键词： Heart disease GATA binding protein 4 Myocyte enhancer factor 2C Transcription factors Differentiation Human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells

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Drought-Induced Changes in Xylem Sap pH, ABA and Stomatal Conductance

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2004年第7期3卷 496-501页

作者： GUOXiu-lin LIUZi-hui razzaq LIGuang-min InstituteofGeneticsandPhysiology HebeiAcademyofAgricultureandForestrySciencesShijiazhuang050051P.R.China Ph.D.StudentDoingResearchatHebeiAcademyofAgricultureandForestrySciences Shijiazhuang050051P.R.China

Upstream signals potentially regulating evaporation and stomatal conductance wereinvestigated using 6-8-leaf-old maize (Zea may L.) seedlings which were grown in agreenhouse. Pressure chamber was used to measure leaf water potential and to collectxylem sap. The pH of xylem sap in stems was higher than that in root, and the abscisicacid (ABA) concentration in stems was the highest in well-watered seedlings. The ABAconcentration and pH of xylem sap in roots, stems and leaves increased, and the ABAconcentration in leaves reached the maximum during drought stress. The treatment ofroots with exogenous ABA solution (100molL-1) increased xylem sap ABA concentration inall organs measured, and induced stomatal closure, but did not change ABA distributionamong organs of maize seedlings. The combined effects of external pH buffer on pH, ABAof xylem sap and stomatal behavior indicated that pH, as a root-source signal to leavesunder drought stress, regulated stomatal closure through accumulating ABA in leaves orguard cells.

关键词： Drought Abscisic acid pH Xylem sap Signal Stomatal conductance

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