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Rice-wheat comparative genomics:Gains and gaps

The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 656-669页

作者： Akila Wijerathna-Yapa Ruchi Bishnoi Buddhini Ranawaka Manu Maya Magar Hafeez Ur Rehman Swati G.Bharad Michal T.Lorenc Vinita Ramtekey Sasha Gohar Charu Lata Md.Harun-Or-Rashid maryam razzaq Muhammad Sajjad Bhoja *** School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding College of AgricultureUmmedganj-KotaAgriculture UniversityKotaRajasthan 324001India Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy Queensland University of Technology(QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia UWA School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia Nepal Agriculture Research Council KhumaltarLalitpurNepal Department of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Department of Agricultural Botany Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi VidyapeethAkola 444104MaharashtraIndia ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science MauUttar Pradesh 275103India School of Natural Sciences Macquarie UniversityMacquarie ParkNSW 2109Australia ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research Flowrdale 54642ShimlaIndia International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)Bangladesh Office Gulshan-2Dhaka 1212Bangladesh Center for Seed Science University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Biosciences COMSATS University IslamabadPark RoadTarlai KalanIslamabad 45550Pakistan CGIAR’s Excellence in Breeding(EiB)Platform/Accelerated Breeding Initiative International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)El Batán 56237Mexico

Rice and wheat provide nearly 40%of human calorie and protein *** share a common ancestor and belong to the Poaceae(grass)*** their genetic homology is crucial for developing new cultivars with enhanced *** wheat genes and gene families have been characterized based on their rice ***–wheat orthology can identify genetic regions that regulate similar traits in both ***–wheat comparative genomics can identify candidate wheat genes in a genomic region identified by association or QTL mapping,deduce their putative functions and biochemical pathways,and develop molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding.A knowledge of gene homology facilitates the transfer between crops of genes or genomic regions associated with desirable traits by genetic engineering,gene editing,or wide crossing.

关键词： Comparative genomics Orthologs Genes Synteny Genetic engineering Molecular breeding

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Two-dimensional investigation of characteristic parameters and their gradients for the self-generated electric and magnetic fields of laser-induced zirconium plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第5期26卷 138-155页

作者： Tayyaba SAJID Shazia BASHIR Mahreen AKRAM Maira razzaq Khaliq MAHMOOD Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics Institute of PhysicsGovernment College University LahoreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Physics Institute of PhysicsGovernment College University LahoreLahore 54000Pakistan

Two-dimensional diagnosis of laser-induced zirconium(Zr)plasma has been experimentally performed using the time-of-flight method by employing Faraday cups in addition to electric and magnetic *** characteristic parameters of laser-induced Zr plasma have been evaluated as a function of different laser irradiances ranging from 4.5 to 11.7 GW cm-2 at different axial positions of 1–4 cm with a fixed radial distance of 2 cm.A well-supporting correlation between the plume parameters and the laser-plasma-produced spontaneous electric and magnetic(E and B)fields was *** measurements of the characteristic parameters and spontaneously induced fields were observed to have an increasing trend with the increasing laser ***,when increasing the spatial distance in both the axial and radial directions,the plasma parameters(electron/ion number density,temperature and kinetic energy)did not show either continuously increasing or decreasing trends due to various kinetic and dynamic processes during the spatial evolution of the ***,the E and B fields were observed to be always diffusing away from the *** radial component of electron number densities remained higher than the axial number density component,whereas the axial ion number density at all laser irradiances and axial distances remained higher than the radial ion number *** higher axial self-generated electric field(SGEF)values than radial SGEF values are correlated with the effective charge-separation mechanism of electrons and *** generation of a self-generated magnetic field is observed dominantly in the radial direction at increasing laser irradiance as compared to the axial one due to the deflection of fast-moving electrons and the persistence of two-electron temperature on the radial axis.

关键词： Faraday cup axial and radial expansion space-charge effect laser-induced zirconium plasma two-electron temperature distribution self-generated electric and magnetic fields

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Self-supported copper-based gas diffusion electrodes improve the local CO_(2)concentration for efficient electrochemical CO_(2)reduction

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 51-62页

作者： Azeem Mustafa Bachirou Guene Lougou Yong Shuai Zhijiang Wang Haseeb-ur-Rehman Samia razzaq Wei Wang Ruming Pan Jiupeng Zhao Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics of MIIT Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China Mechanical Engineering Department University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronics EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydney2006Australia

Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction is a sustainable approach in green chemistry that enables the production of valuable chemicals and fuels while mitigating the environmental impact associated with CO_(2)*** its several advantages,this technology suffers from an intrinsically low CO_(2)solubility in aqueous solutions,resulting in a lower local CO_(2)concentration near the electrode,which yields lower current densities and restricts product *** diffusion electrodes(GDEs),particularly those with tubular architectures,can solve these issues by increasing the local CO_(2)concentration and triple-phase interface,providing abundant electroactive sites to achieve superior reaction *** this study,robust and self-supported Cu flow-through gas diffusion electrodes(FTGDEs)were synthesized for efficient formate production via electrochemical CO_(2)*** were further compared with traditional Cu electrodes,and it was found that higher local CO_(2)concentration due to improved mass transfer,the abundant surface area available for the generation of the triple-phase interface,and the porous structure of Cu FTGDEs enabled high formate Faradaic efficiency(76%)and current density(265 mA¸cm^(−2))at–0.9 V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE)in 0.5 mol·L^(−1)*** combined phase inversion and calcination process of the Cu FTGDEs helped maintain a stable operation for several *** catalytic performance of the Cu FTGDEs was further investigated in a non-gas diffusion configuration to demonstrate the impact of local gas concentration on the activity and performance of electrochemical CO_(2)*** study demonstrates the potential of flow-through gas-diffusion electrodes to enhance reaction kinetics for the highly efficient and selective reduction of CO_(2),offering promising applications in sustainable electrochemical processes.

关键词： CO_(2)electroreduction flow-through delivery hollow fiber structure local concentration formate

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Optimization of the mechanical performance and damage failure characteristics of laminated composites based on fiber orientation

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023年第9期17卷 1357-1369页

作者： Hussein DALFI Anwer AL-OBAIDI Abdalameer TARIQ Hussein razzaq Roham RAFIEE Mechanical Department College of EngineeringUniversity of WasitKut 35140Iraq Composites Research Laboratory Faculty of New Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of TehranTehran 33134Iran

In this study,the effect of fiber angle on the tensile load-bearing performance and damage failure characteristics of glass composite laminates was investigated experimentally,analytically,and *** glass fabric in the laminate was perfectly aligned along the load direction(i.e.,at 0°),offset at angles of 30°and 45°,or mixed in different directions(i.e.,0°/30°or 0°/45°).The composite laminates were fabricated using vacuum-assisted resin *** influence of fiber orientation angle on the mechanical properties and stiffness degradation of the laminates was studied via cyclic tensile strength ***,simulations have been conducted using finite element analysis and analytical approaches to evaluate the influence of fiber orientation on the mechanical performance of glass *** testing revealed that,although the composite laminates laid along the 0°direction exhibited the highest stiffness and strength,their structural performance deteriorated *** also determined that increasing the fiber offset angle(i.e.,30°)could optimize the mechanical properties and damage failure characteristics of glass *** results of the numerical and analytical approaches demonstrated their ability to capture the mechanical behavior and damage failure modes of composite laminates with different fiber orientations,which may be used to prevent the catastrophic failures that occur in composite laminates.

关键词： fiber orientation composite laminates stiffness degradation analytical approaches finite element analysis

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In silico Prediction and Analysis of Potential Off-Targets and Off-Target Mutation Detection in StERF3-Gene Edited Potato Plants

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第8期92卷 2451-2460页

作者： Hafiza Arooj razzaq Siddra Ijaz Imran Ul Haq Faisal Saeed Awan Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology(CABB) University of AgricultureFaisalabad38040Pakistan Department of Plant Pathology University of AgricultureFaisalabad38040Pakistan

The imperative aspect of the CRISPR/Cas9 system is a short stretch of 20 nucleotides of gRNA that control the overall speciﬁ*** to the small size,the chance of its multiple occurrences in the genome increases;however,a few mismatches are tolerated by the Cas9 endonuclease *** accurate and careful in silico-based off-target prediction while target selection is preferred to address the *** predictions are based on a comprehensive set of selectable ***,we investigated the possible off-target prediction and their screening in StERF3 gene-edited potato plants while developing StERF3-loss-of-function mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 *** 201 off-targets for the selected targets of the StERF3 gene were predicted,and 79 wereﬁltered as potential *** these 79,twenty-ﬁve off-targets showed scores with deﬁned cut-off values<0.5 and were analyzed in Sterf3-edited potato plants compared to wild-type *** off-targeting was found to have occurred in edited plants.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 system potato CCTop algorithm scoring off-target edits

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Impact of rangeland enclosure and seasonal grazing on protected and unprotected rangelands in Chakwal region, Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第4期19卷 46-57页

作者： ISLAM Muhammad razzaq Abdul ZUBAIR Muhammad HASSAN Sawsan AHMAD Sarfraz GUL Shamim RISCHKOWSKY Barbara LOUHAICHI Mounir International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) South AsiaIslamabad 44050Pakistan Animal Science Division Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilIslamabad 44050Pakistan Department of Forestry and Range Management Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 66000Pakistan International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) Amman 11185Jordan Natural Resource Division Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilIslamabad 44050Pakistan Botany Department University of Balochistan Quetta 87300Pakistan Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill UniversityQuebec H9X3V9Canada International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) SSAILRI campusAddis Ababa 5689Ethiopia International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) Tunis 1004Tunisia

Scrub rangelands support livestock grazing and provide ecosystem services to their inhabitants. The present study was conducted in Chakwal, an important tract of the Pothwar Plateau,which sustains herds of small domestic and nomadic ruminants. Urbanization and uncontrolled grazing practices have reduced rangeland productivity and increased soil erosion and resulted in poor land conditions. This study assessed the influence of two years of rangeland protection on aboveground vegetation biomass and the chemical composition of plants and aimed to determine the influence of seasonal grazing on the live-weight gain of small *** the line intercept method, vegetation data from protected and unprotected plots in 2015 and 2016 were collected at two sites, Dhulli and *** cover was assessed from images using VegMeasure. Results showed that protected study sites displayed higher vegetation biomass(834 and 690 kg ha^(-1)) compared to the unprotected study site(477 and 326 kg ha^(-1)) during April and August of both years. In the seasonal grazing trial, the experimental ewes that grazed on protected rangelands showed higher live-weight gain(33–63 g day^(-1)) compared to live weight of ewes(17–21 g day^(-1)) that grazed on unprotected rangelands during the experimental period of 127 days at both sites. The results suggest that the Chakwal rangeland has tremendous potential to improve vegetation productivity but modern livestock management and seasonal grazing practices are needed to improve carrying capacity and livestock productivity.

关键词： Seasonal grazing Climate change Productivity Rangeland Protected area

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Overexpression of GATA binding protein 4 and myocyte enhancer factor 2C induces differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into cardiac-like cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2022年第9期14卷 700-713页

作者： Syeda Saima razzaq Irfan Khan Nadia Naeem Asmat Salim Sumreen Begum Kanwal Haneef University of Karachi Karachi 75270Pakistan Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research International Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology&Biomedical Sciences(DRIBBS) Dow University of Health Sciences(DUHS)Ojha CampusKarachi 75200Pakistan Stem Cells Research Laboratory(SCRL) Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation(SIUT)Karachi 74200Pakistan

BACKGROUND Heart diseases are the primary cause of death all over the *** myocardial infarction,billions of cells die,resulting in a huge loss of cardiac *** cell-based therapies have appeared as a new area to support heart *** transcription factors GATA binding protein 4(GATA-4)and myocyte enhancer factor 2C(MEF2C)are considered prominent factors in the development of the cardiovascular *** To explore the potential of GATA-4 and MEF2C for the cardiac differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs).METHODS hUC-MSCs were characterized morphologically and immunologically by the presence of specific markers of MSCs via immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry,and by their potential to differentiate into osteocytes and ***-MSCs were transfected with GATA-4,MEF2C,and their combination to direct the *** differentiation was confirmed by semiquant itative real-time polymerase chain reaction and *** hUC-MSCs expressed specific cell surface markers CD105,CD90,CD44,and vimentin but lack the expression of *** transcription factors GATA-4 and MEF2C,and their combination induced differentiation in hUC-MSCs with significant expression of cardiac genes i.e.,GATA-4,MEF2C,NK2 homeobox 5(NKX2.5),MHC,and connexin-43,and cardiac proteins GATA-4,NKX2.5,cardiac troponin T,and *** Transfection with GATA-4,MEF2C,and their combination effectively induces cardiac differentiation in *** genetically modified MSCs could be a promising treatment option for heart diseases in the future.

关键词： Heart disease GATA binding protein 4 Myocyte enhancer factor 2C Transcription factors Differentiation Human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells

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Influence of rangeland protection and seasonal grazing on aboveground vegetation,forage quality and weight gain of small ruminants–a study in Thar Desert,Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第2期20卷 403-414页

作者： ISLAM Muhammad razzaq Abdul HASSAN Sawsan ZUBAIR Muhammad KALROO Muhammad Waseem KHAN Attaullah GUL Shamim AHMAD Sarfraz RISCHKOWSKY Barbara Ann LOUHAICHI Mounir International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) South AsiaIslamabad 44050Pakistan Animal Science Division Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilIslamabad 44050Pakistan International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) Amman 11185Jordan Department of Forestry and Range Management Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 66000Pakistan PARC-Arid Zone Research Institute Umerkot 69100Pakistan Department of Botany University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill UniversityQuebec H9X3V9Canada Natural Resource Division Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilIslamabad 44050Pakistan International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) SSAILRI campusAddis Ababa 5689Ethiopia International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) Tunis 1004Tunisia

The Thar Desert,Sindh,Pakistan is characterized by low ***,economy is based on agriculture,livestock and mining,nevertheless,livestock graze freely on public and private *** aim of this research was to determine biomass production and to evaluate the effects of continuous and seasonal grazing on protected and unprotected plots.A 45 ha protected rangeland area of Hurrabad in the Umerkot Thar desert was selected and divided into three blocks of 15 ha *** of the same size were also established in unprotected *** data for vegetation biomass,canopy cover,forage nutrients and weight gain of animals in two seasons(spring and summer)was collected from both protected and unprotected *** results showed that biomass significantly increased in summer in both ***,the biomass values in protected sites were significantly ***,the vegetation cover also seemed to increase in summer in both protected(90.7%±0.29%)and unprotected sites(39.2%±0.09%).The foliar concentrations of all nutrients varied significantly with *** average final live-weight gain for does on the protected grazing sites during the 42-day period in spring and the 96 days after the monsoon was almost double that of does grazing on the unprotected site during 2016 and 2017(P<0.05).The study concludes that the protection of grazing lands during certain periods can lead to better production of vegetation and livestock and improve range conditions.

关键词： Rangeland productivity Seasonal grazing Stocking rate Thar Desert Vegetation quality

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Indoor smart farming by inducing artificial climate for high value-added crops in optimal duration

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第3期16卷 240-246页

作者： Attique ur Rehman Abdul razzaq Adnan Altaf Salman Qadri Aamir Hussain Ali Nawaz Khan Tausif-ur-Rehman Zaid Sarfraz Department of Computer Science Muhammad Nawaz Sharif Agriculture University Multan 66000Pakistan Department of Information Technology The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100Pakistan

The global population is increasing rapidly as compared to food production;approximately three times more food would be required in *** change affects crop production by causing sudden changes in weather conditions,including rain,storms,heat waves,doughiness,and water *** with smart technology provides a productive *** farming is a productive solution that provides a great resource of income and improves the countries’economy by exporting consumable goods and preventing food security *** agriculture provides a combination of flexibility,remote access,and automation through the use of intelligent control *** countries are working towards smart and intelligent agriculture farming that analyzes crop,soil fertility,pests and weeds,and other problems caused by mismanagement and ***,smart agricultural farming is less widely adopted in agriculture as a result of high costs and little understanding of *** this study,An artificial climate control chamber(ACCC)was designed for cultivating plants by controlling the optimal parameters,especially the light *** ACCC,influential plant factors such as light,moisture,humidity,and fertilizer concentration have been controlled *** spectrum was controlled by time periods in the previous system,while in the system proposed in this study,the light was controlled by image *** an artificial control chamber,the plant growth stages have been determined through image processing *** of image images have been used to organize specific intensities of the light *** intelligent system provides aid in the speed breeding procedure through variant spectrums of light and fertilizers *** the research study,the yield and quality of intelligent farming are enhanced.

关键词： indoor smart farming artificial climate high value-added crops optimal duration light spectrum image processing

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Effect of Different Etching Time on Fabrication of an Optoelectronic Device Based on GaN/Psi

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第3期11卷 1101-1122页

作者： Haneen D.Jabbar Makram A.Fakhri Mohammed Jalal Abdul razzaq Omar S.Dahham Evan T.Salim Forat H.Alsultany U.Hashim Laser and Optoelectronic Engineering Department University of Technology-IraqBaghdadIraq Department of Civil Engineering College of EngineeringCihan University-ErbilKurdistan RegionIraq Department of Petroleum and Gas Refinery Engineering Al-Farabi University CollageBaghdadIraq Applied Science Department University of Technology-IraqBaghdadIraq Department of Medical Physics Al-Mustaqbal University CollegeBabylonIraq Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering University Malaysia PerlisKangarPerlisMalaysia

Gallium nitride(GaN)/porous silicon(PSi)film was prepared using a pulsed laser deposition method and 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser for optoelectronic applications and a series of Psi substrates were fabricated using a photoelectrochemical etching method assisted by laser at different etching times for 2.5–15 min at 2.5 min intervals.X-ray diffraction,room-temperature photoluminescence,atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy images,and electrical characteristics in the prepared GaN on the Psi film were *** optimum Psi substrate was obtained under the following conditions:10 min,10 mA/cm^(2),and 24%hydrofluoric *** substrate exhibited two highly cubic crystalline structures at(200)and(400)orientations and yellow visible band photoluminescence,and homogeneous pores formed over the entire *** pores had steep oval shapes and were accompanied by small dark pores that appeared topographically and *** GaN/Psi film fabricated through PLD exhibited a high and hexagonal crystallographic texture in the(002)*** properties results revealed that the photoluminescence emission of the deposited nano-GaN films was in the ultraviolet band(374 nm)related to GaN material and in the near-infrared band(730 nm)related to the Psi *** topographical and morphological results of the GaN films confirmed that the deposited film contained spherical grains with an average diameter of 51.8 nm and surface roughness of 4.8 *** GaN/Psi surface showed a cauliflower-like morphology,and the built-in voltage decreased from 3.4 to 2.7 eV after *** fabricated GaN/Psi film exhibited good electrical characteristics.

关键词： Gallium nitride porous silicon photoelectrochemical etching pulsed laser deposition optical device

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