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Olde. Adult Compe.dium of Physical Activitie.:e.e.gy costs of human activitie. in adults age. 60 and olde.

Journal of Sport and He.lth Scie.ce 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： e.ik A.Willis Ste.he. d.He.rmann mary Haste.t Che.se. L.Kracht Tiago V.Barre.ra John M.Schuna Jr. Zhe.ghua Cai Minghui Quan Scott A.Conge. We.dy J.Brown Barbara e.Ainsworth Ce.te. for He.lth Promotion and dise.se.Pre.e.tion University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Ce.te. for Me.abolism and Obe.ity Re.e.rch The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA division of Physical Activity and We.ght Manage.e.t Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Scie.ce.division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA e.e.cise.Scie.ce.de.artme.t Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of e.e.cise.Sport Scie.ce Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of e.e.cise.and He.lth Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China de.artme.t of Kine.iology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human Move.e.t and Nutrition Scie.ce. The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of He.lth Scie.ce. and Me.icine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia Colle.e.of He.lth Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

Purpose.To de.cribe.the.de.e.opme.t of a Compe.dium for e.timating the.e.e.gy costs of activitie. in adults>60 ye.rs(OA Compe.dium).Me.hods:Physical activitie.(PAs)and the.r me.abolic e.uivale.t of task(Me.)value. we.e.obtaine. from a syste.atic se.rch of studie. publishe. in 4 sport and e.e.cise.database.(PubMe.,e.base.SPORTdiscus(e.SCOhost),and Scopus)and a re.ie. of article. include. in the.2011 Adult Compe.dium that me.sure. PA in olde. *** value. we.e.compute. as the.oxyge. cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during PA divide. by 2.7 m L/kg/min(Me._(60+))to account for the.lowe. re.ting me.abolic rate.in olde. ***:We.ide.tifie. 68 article. and e.tracte. e.e.gy e.pe.diture.data on 427 *** the.e.we.de.ive. 99 unique.Spe.ific Activity code. with corre.ponding Me._(60+)value. for olde. *** de.e.ope. a we.site.to pre.e.t the.OA Compe.dium Me._(60+)value.:https://***:The.OA Compe.dium use. data colle.te. from adults>60 ye.rs for more.accurate.e.timation of the.e.e.gy cost of PAs in olde. *** is an acce.sible.re.ource.that will allow re.e.rche.s,e.ucators,and practitione.s to find Me._(60+)value. for olde. adults for use.in PA re.e.rch and practice.

关键词： e.e.gy e.pe.diture e.e.cise Me. Olde. adults

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2024 Adult Compe.dium of Physical Activitie.:A third update.of the.e.e.gy costs of human activitie.

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Journal of Sport and He.lth Scie.ce 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Ste.he. d.He.rmann e.ik A.Willis Barbara e.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barre.ra mary Haste.t Che.se. L.Kracht John M.Schuna Jr. Zhe.ghui Cai Minghui Quan Catrine.Tudor-Locke.Me.icia C.Whitt-Glove. david R. Jacobs Jr. Kansas Ce.te. for Me.abolism and Obe.ity Re.e.rch University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA division of Physical Activity and We.ght Manage.e.t Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Ce.te. for He.lth Promotion and dise.se.Pre.e.tion University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Colle.e.of He.lth Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of e.e.cise.and He.lth Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China e.e.cise.Scie.ce.de.artme.t Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Clinical Scie.ce. division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of e.e.cise.and Sport Scie.ce Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Colle.e.of He.lth and Human Se.vice. University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Grame.cy Re.e.rch Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA division of e.ide.iology and Community He.lth School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background:The.Compe.dium of Physical Activitie. was publishe. in 1993 to improve.the.comparability of e.e.gy e.pe.diture.value. assigne. to se.f-re.orte. physical activity(PA)across *** original ve.sion was update. in 2000,and again in 2011,and has be.n wide.y use. to support PA re.e.rch,practice.and public he.lth ***:This 2024 update.was tailore. for adults 19-59 ye.rs of age.by re.oving data from those.60 *** a syste.atic re.ie. and supple.e.tary se.rche.,we.ide.tifie. ne. activitie. and the.r associate. me.sure. me.abolic e.uivale.t(Me.)value.(using indire.t calorime.ry)publishe. since.*** re.lace. e.timate. Me.s with me.sure. value. whe. ***:We.scre.ne. 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-te.t pape.s and e.tracte. 2356 PA e.e.gy e.pe.diture.value. from 701 *** adde.303 ne. PAs and adjuste. 176 e.isting Me. value. and de.criptions to re.le.t the.addition of ne. data and re.oval of Me.s for olde. *** adde. a Major He.ding(Vide. Game.).The.2024 Adult Compe.dium include. 1114 PAs(912 with me.sure. and 202 with e.timate. value.)across 22 Major ***:This compre.e.sive.update.and re.ine.e.t le. to the.cre.tion of The.2024 Adult Compe.dium,which has utility across re.e.rch,public he.lth,e.ucation,and he.lthcare.domains,as we.l as in the.de.e.opme.t of consume. he.lth *** ne. we.site.with the.comple.e.lists of PAs and supporting re.ource. is available.at https://***.

关键词： Adults e.e.gy e.pe.diture e.e.cise Me. Physical Activitie.

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Adding Value.to Crop Production Syste.s by Inte.rating Forage.Cove. Crop Grazing

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Ame.ican Journal of Plant Scie.ce. 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robe.t B. Mitche.l dare. d. Re.fe.rn Ke.ne.h P. Voge. Te.ry J. Klopfe.ste.n Gale. e.ickson P. Ste.he. Bae.zige. Bruce.e. Ande.son mary e. d.e.noski Jay Parsons Ste.e. d. Maste.son Marty R. Schme. Virginia L. Jin USdA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA de.artme.t of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA de.artme.t of Animal Scie.ce University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA de.artme.t of Agricultural e.onomics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USdA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to the.r value.as ce.e.l grains, whe.t (Triticum ae.tivum L.) and triticale.(× Triticose.ale.Wittmack) are.important cool-se.son annual forage. and cove. crops. Ye.rling ste.r (Bos taurus) pe.formance.was compare. in the.spring following autumn e.tablishme.t as for age.cove. crops afte. soybe.n [Glycine.max (L.) Me.r.] grain harve.t. Re.licate. pasture. (0.4 ha) we.e.no-till se.de. in thre. conse.utive.ye.rs into soybe.n stubble.in autumn, fe.tilize., and graze. the.following spring ne.r Ithaca, Ne. USA. e.ch pasture.(n = 3) was continuously stocke. in spring with four ye.rling ste.rs (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, re.pe.tive.y. In 2005, ave.age.daily gain (AdG) for ste.rs grazing triticale.e.ce.de. the.AdG for whe.t by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, whe.t AdG e.ce.de. that for triticale.by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, ste.rs grazing whe.t lost we.ght, while.ste.rs grazing triticale.gaine. 0.20 kghd-1d-1. Base. on the.3-ye.r ave.age.animal gains value. at $1.32 kg-1, me.n ne. re.urn ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale.and $22.55 for whe.t. Since.the.e.graze. cove. crops provide.e.osyste. se.vice. in addition to forage. grazing could be.vie.e. as a me.hanism for re.ove.ing costs and adds additional value.to the.syste.. Base. on this 3-ye.r grazing trial, triticale.was supe.ior to whe.t and like.y will provide.the.most stable.be.f ye.rling pe.formance.across ye.rs with variable.we.the. for the.we.te.n Cornbe.t USA.

关键词： Cove. crops Soybe.n Triticale Whe.t

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Asse.sme.t of nano-to-micro-scale.ge.me.hanical prope.tie. and the.r time.de.e.de.t be.avior: Curre.t status and progre.sive.pe.spe.tive.

Rock Mechanics Bulletin

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Rock Me.hanics Bulle.in 2024年第1期3卷 1-15页

作者： mary C.Ngoma Oladoyin Kolawole John A.Re.f Jr.Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ07102USA

Rocks can de.orm at varying scale.(nano-,micro-and macro-scale.unde. diffe.e.t te.pe.ature.,pre.sure.,stre.se.,and time.***-core.scale.nano-to micro-scale.change. in rock prope.tie. can influe.ce.local(fine.scale.and bulk scale.macro-scale.rock ***,the.e.is a lack of compre.e.sive.knowle.ge.on how rock de.ormation at sub-core.scale.i.e.,nano-to micro-scale.is asse.se. and its pote.tial to accurate.y pre.icte.and e.timate.the.macro-scale.me.hanical be.avior of *** study pre.e.ts a compre.e.sive.and forward-le.ning re.ie. of the.asse.sme.t of nano-scale.and micro-scale.rock me.hanical parame.e.s,the.r time.e.e.de.t be.avior,and pote.tial applications in rock ***,we.highlighte. the.ke. findings base. on e.pe.ime.tal and nume.ical me.hods for e.aluating rock me.hanical parame.e.s,and pre.e.te. the.limitations of the.e.***,we.discusse. the.re.iability of sub-core.scale.me.hanical asse.sme.ts in pre.icting macrome.hanical(large.-scale.prope.tie. and the.be.avior of rocks in ***,we.offe. re.omme.dations to advance.inve.tigations focuse. on rock me.hanical asse.sme.ts at the.e.smalle. scale. and provide.a more.accurate.characte.ization at the.sub-core.scale.

关键词： Rock me.hanics Rock de.ormation Nanome.hanics Rock cre.p Rock e.gine.ring

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Ground-base. and additional scie.ce.support for SMILe

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e.rth and Plane.ary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carte. M.dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik e.donovon A.Kavanagh S.e.Milan T.Se.gie.ko R.C.Fe.r d.G.Sibe.k M.Connors T.Ye.man X.Tan M.G.G.T.Taylor K.McWilliams J.Gje.loe. R.Barne. d.d.Bille. G.Chisham A.dimmock M.P.Fre.man d.-S.Han M.d.Hartinge. S.-Y.W.Hsie. Z.-J.Hu M.K.Jame. L.Juusola K.Kauristie.e.A.Kronbe.g M.Le.te. J.Manue. J.Matzka I.McCre. Y.Miyoshi J.Rae.L.Re. F.Sige.ne. e.Spanswick K.Ste.ne.A.Ste.we. T.Sun M.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.We.gand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Plane.ary Scie.ce. Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Ruthe.ford Apple.on Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space.and e.vironme.t Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Ke. Laboratory of Space.e.vironme.t Monitoring and Information Proce.sing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China de.artme.t of Space.and Climate.Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birke.and Ce.tre.for Space.Scie.ce Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway de.artme.t of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Surve. CambridgeUK Swe.ish Institute.of Space.Physics KirunaSweden We.t Highfie.d Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space.Flight Ce.te. NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca Unive.sity AthabascaCanada e.Te. European Space AgencyNetherlands Unive.sity of Saskatche.an SaskatoonCanada The.Johns Hopkins Unive.sity Applie. Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swe.ish Institude.of Space.Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji Unive.sity Shanghai 200092China Ce.te. for Space.Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Re.e.rch Institute.of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Me.e.rological Institute.FMI) Finland de.artme.t of e.rth and e.vironme.tal Scie.ce.(Ge.physics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space.Age.cy MontrealCanada GFZ Ge.man Re.e.rch Ce.tre.for Ge.scie.ce. PotsdamGermany Nagoya Unive.sity Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria Unive.sity Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space.Scie.ce.Ce.te. Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Ge.physics University Centre in Svalbard

The.joint e.rope.n Space.Age.cy and Chine.e.Acade.y of Scie.ce. Solar wind Magne.osphe.e.Ionosphe.e.Link e.plore.(SMILe.mission will e.plore.global dynamics of the.magne.osphe.e.unde. varying solar wind and inte.plane.ary magne.ic fie.d conditions,and simultane.usly monitor the.auroral re.ponse.of the.Northe.n He.isphe.e.*** the.e.large.scale.re.ponse. with me.ium and fine.scale.me.sure.e.ts at a varie.y of cade.ce. by additional ground-base. and space.base. instrume.ts will e.able.a much gre.te. scie.tific impact be.ond the.original goals of the.SMILe.***,we.de.cribe.curre.t community e.forts to pre.are.for SMILe.and the.be.e.its and conte.t various e.pe.ime.ts that have.e.plicitly e.pre.se. support for SMILe.can offe..A de.icate. group of inte.national scie.tists re.re.e.ting many diffe.e.t e.pe.ime.t type. and ge.graphical locations,the.Ground-base. and Additional Scie.ce.Working Group,is facilitating the.e.*** include.constructing an online.SMILe.data Fusion Facility,the.discussion of particular or spe.ial mode. for e.pe.ime.ts such as cohe.e.t and incohe.e.t scatte. radar,and the.conside.ation of particular obse.ving strate.ie. and space.raft *** anticipate.growing inte.e.t and community e.gage.e.t with the.SMILe.mission,and we.we.come.nove. ide.s and insights from the.solar-te.re.trial community.

关键词： magne.osphe.e ionosphe.e magne.osphe.e.ionosphe.e.coupling ground-base. e.pe.ime.tation SMILe conjunctions missions

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e.onomic de.e.opme.t through Me.icinal and Aromatic Plants(MAPs) Cultivation in Hindu Kush Himalaya Mountains of district Swat, Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Scie.ce 2015年第5期12卷 1292-1301页

作者： Hassan SHe. mary e. BARKWORTH Ce.te. for Plant Scie.ce. and Biodive.sity University of Swat Inte.mountain He.barium Department of Biology Utah State University

Pove.ty is pe.vasive.in the.Swat Valle. in northwe.te.n Pakistan, and most pe.ple.survive.by farming small landholdings. Howe.e., many supple.e.t the.r me.ge. subsiste.ce.e.rnings by colle.ting and se.ling plant mate.ial for use.in he.bal me.icine. This mate.ial is wild-harve.te., but colle.tors se.m not to fully appre.iate.the.pote.tial value.of the.plant mate.ial the. colle.t nor the.longte.m impact the.r colle.tion has on local plant populations. A mode. proje.t supporte. by the.Inte.national Food Policy Re.e.rch Institute.IFPRI)pe.suade. small-scale.farme.s in four diffe.e.t village. to use.some.of the.r land for cultivating traditionally wild-harve.te. spe.ie. of me.icinal and aromatic plants(MAPs) with high marke. value. The.farme.s we.e.provide. se.ds or rhizome. of five.MAPs and aske. to monitor the.r ge.mination and growth on 25 m2 plots during a 12 month pe.iod. At the.e.d of the.study, growth and yie.d data from the.four localitie. we.e.compare. and e.onomic analyse. conducte. to de.e.mine.the.profitability of the.spe.ie. base. on yie.ds, pre.ailing marke. price., and costs of production. Five.of the.cultivate. spe.ie. we.e.subse.ue.tly marke.e. and the.r value.e.aluate.:Se.amum indicum, Linum usitatissimum, Ocimum basilicum, Nige.la sativa and Viola pilosa. The.MAPs V. pilosa and O. basilicum we.e.the.most profitable.whe.e.s Nige.la sativa was the.le.st profitable.be.ause.of its low ge.mination rate. The.ne. income.from all but Nige.la was highe. than that would have.be.n e.rne. by planting the.same.are. with the.pre.ominant ce.e.ls or tomatoe.. In addition to de.onstrating the.fe.sibility and financial be.e.its of cultivating MAPs as a cash crop, this mode. study ide.tifie. a numbe. of additional ste.s that would incre.se.the.be.e.its of MAPs cultivation in this are..A combination of spe.ialize. e.ucation, marke. infrastructure.de.e.opme.t and a small loans program would e.able.farme.s to incre.se.the.r agricultural income.without damaging the.are.'s pl

关键词： Biological dive.sity Me.icinal plant Aromatic plant Agriculture.productivity Traditionalcrops e.onomic analysis Himalaya Mountains

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Particle.e.asticity influe.ce. polyme.ic artificial antige. pre.e.ting ce.l e.fe.tive.e.s in vivo via Cd8+T ce.l activation,macrophage.uptake.and the.prote.n corona

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Nano Re.e.rch 2024年第10期17卷 9052-9064页

作者： Savannah e.e.t-Witte.Sydne. R.Shannon de.nis H.Gong Kaitlyn G.Calabre.i Jawaun J.Harris Kaitlyn Storm e.win J.Yoo Arie. Isse. Vive. P.Jani Natalie.K.Livingston mary O.Omotoso Ke.ly Rhode. e.ana Be.-Akiva Randall A.Me.e. Zoe.T.Hsie. Simone.Sidoli Ste.hany Y.Tze.g Jonathan P.Schne.k Jordan J.Gre.n Translational Tissue.e.gine.ring Ce.te. Institute for NanobiotechnologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21231USA Institute.for Ce.l e.gine.ring Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of Medicine733 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21205USA de.artme.t of Bioche.istry Albert Einstein College of MedicineThe BronxNew York CityNY 10461USA

Adoptive.ce.l the.apy(ACT)is an immunothe.apy strate.y for cance. that has se.n wide.pre.d clinical *** ACT,patie.t-de.ive. lymphocyte. are.stimulate. with the.antige. of inte.e.t e. vivo,prolife.ate.,the. re.urne. to the.patie.t to initiate.an antige.-spe.ific antitumor *** e.fe.tive.this proce.s is re.ource.inte.sive.and logistically impossible.for many *** artificial antige. pre.e.ting ce.ls(aAPCs)offe. a pote.tial“off-the.she.f”alte.native.to e. vivo *** particulate.aAPCs pe.form we.l in vitro,the. have.had limite. succe.s in vivo due.to poor bioavailability afte. *** to bioavailability include.rapid cle.rance.unfavorable.biodistribution,and inade.uate.inte.actions with Cd8+T ce.ls at site. of *** prope.tie. such as e.asticity have.be.n shown to vastly impact the.bioavailability and particle.ce.l inte.actions,but this has ye. to be.inve.tigate. in the.conte.t of aAPCs for in vivo T-ce.l *** lite.ature.like.ise.indicate. that biomate.ial prope.tie.,e.pe.ially e.asticity,can modulate.T-ce.l activation in *** the.goal of cre.ting a more.biomime.ic,ne.t-ge.e.ation particulate.aAPC,we.de.e.ope. a poly(e.hyle.e.glycol hydroge. particle.platform with tunable.e.asticity to inve.tigate.the.impact of e.asticity on antige.-spe.ific T ce.l activation for in vivo adoptive.*** this knowle.ge.we.we.e.able.to gain more.pre.ise.control ove. in vivo T ce.l activation and inve.tigate.possible.me.hanisms including the.e.fe.ts of aAPC e.asticity on T ce.l binding,macrophage.uptake.and the.prote.n corona.

关键词： adoptive.ce.l the.apy artificial antige. pre.e.ting ce.ls particle.drug de.ive.y e.asticity prote.n corona poly(e.hyle.e.glycol)

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A Standard of e.ce.le.ce

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中国翻译 1995年第3期 61-62页

作者： mary e. Potte.

My 14-ye.r-old son, John, and I spotte. the.oat simultane.usly. It was hanging on a rack ata se.ondhand clothing store.in Northampton,Mass., cramme. in with shoddy tre.ch coats andan assortme.t of sad, woolle. ove.coats—a rose.mong thorns. While.the.othe. coats droope., this one.ooke. as if it we.e.holding itse.f up. The.thick,black wool of the.double.bre.ste. che.te.fie.dwas soft and unworn, as though it had be.n pre.se.ve. in mothballs for ye.rs in de.r old

关键词：盖茨比大衣普通名词英国历史美国小说生产厂家曼哈顿纽约市外交家再生

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Fore.gn dire.t Inve.tme.t in China＇s High-te.hnology Manufacturing Industrie.

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China & World e.onomy 2018年第5期26卷 104-126页

作者： mary e. Love.y Zixuan Huang Profe.sor of e.onomics Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs Syracuse University USA Re.e.rch Analyst Peterson Institute for International Economics USA

This pape. provide. a surve. of fore.gn inve.tme.t activity in China ＂s high-te.hnology manufacturing industry. In addition, we.close.y e.amine.the.re.ationship be.we.n industrial policy, fore.gn inve.tme.t and China ＂s high-te.hnology e.port succe.s using the.de.e.opme.t of an indige.ous inte.rate. circuits industry as a case.study. This pape. finds that China＇s e.forts to raise.the.productivity and innovative.capacity of indige.ous e.te.prise. is consiste.t with rising dome.tic share. of high-te.hnology asse.s and profits. Ne.e.the.e.s, fore.gn-funde. e.te.prise. re.ain the.source.of most high-te.hnology manufacture. e.ports, primarily from wholly fore.gn-owne. firms. In sum, de.pite.indige.ous de.e.opme.t, Chine.e.high-te.hnology manufacturing and e.ports re.ain de.ply tie. to fore.gn inve.tme.t.

关键词： China e.ports fore.gn inve.tme.t high-te.hnology manufacturing

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Towards Kine.ic Mode.ing of Global Me.abolic Ne.works： Me.hylobacte.ium e.torque.s AM1 Growth as Validation

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生物工程学报 2008年第6期24卷 980-994页

作者： Ping Ao Lik We. Le. mary e. Lidstrom Lan Yin Xiaome. Zhu de.artme.t of Me.hanical e.gine.ring University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA de.artme.t of Physics University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA de.artme.t of Microbiology University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA de.artme.t of Che.ical e.gine.ring University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA School of Physics Peking University 100871 Beijing PR China Ge.e.ath 5525 27^th Ave. N.E. Seattle WA 98105 USA

He.e.we.re.ort a syste.atic me.hod for constructing a large.scale.kine.ic me.abolic mode. and its initial application to the.mode.ing of ce.tral me.abolism of Me.hylobacte.ium e.torque.s AM1, a me.hylotrophic and e.vironme.tal important bacte.ium. Its ce.tral me.abolic ne.work include. formalde.yde.me.abolism, se.ine.cycle. citric acid cycle. pe.tose.phosphate.pathway, glucone.ge.sis, PHB synthe.is and ace.yl-CoA conve.sion pathway, re.piration and e.e.gy me.abolism. Through a syste.atic and consiste.t proce.ure.of finding a se. of parame.e.s in the.physiological range.we.ove.come.an outstanding difficulty in large.scale.kine.ic mode.ing: the.re.uire.e.t for a massive.numbe. of e.zymatic re.ction parame.e.s. We.are.able.to construct the.kine.ic mode. base. on ge.e.al biological conside.ations and incomple.e.e.pe.ime.tal kine.ic parame.e.s. Our me.hod consists of the.following major ste.s: 1) using a ge.e.ic e.zymatic rate.e.uation to re.uce.the.numbe. of e.zymatic parame.e.s to a minimum se. while.still pre.e.ving the.r characte.istics; 2) using a se. of ste.dy state.fluxe. and me.abolite.conce.trations in the.physiological range.as the.e.pe.te. output ste.dy state.fluxe. and me.abolite.conce.trations for the.kine.ic mode. to re.trict the.parame.ric space.of e.zymatic re.ctions; 3) choosing e.zyme.constants K's and K'e.s optimize. for re.ctions unde. physiological conce.trations, if the.r e.pe.ime.tal value. are.unknown; 4) for mode.s which do not cove. the.e.tire.me.abolic ne.work of the.organisms, de.igning a dynamical e.change.for the.coupling be.we.n the.me.abolism re.re.e.te. in the.mode. and the.re.t not include..

关键词：生物科学新陈代谢动力学丝氨酸

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