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Tribological behavior of shape-specific microplate-enriched synovial fluids on a linear two-axis tribometer

Friction 2024年第3期12卷 539-553页

作者： Agnese FRAGASSI Antonietta GRECO martina dI FRANCESCO Luca CESERACCIU Aiman ABU AMMAR Israel dVIR Thomas Lee MOORE Haytam KASEM Paolo dECUZZI Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine Fondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova 16163Italy department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry University of GenovaGenoa 16146Italy Materials Characterization Facility Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova 16163Italy department of Pharmaceutical Engineering Azrieli College of Engineering JerusalemJerusalem 9103501Israel department of Mechanical Engineering Azrieli College of Engineering JerusalemJerusalem 9103501Israel

Nano-and micro-particles are being increasingly used to tune interfacial frictional properties in diverse applications,from friction modifiers in industrial lubrication to enhanced biological fluids in human osteoarthritic ***,we assessed the tribological properties of a simulated synovial fluid enriched with non-spherical,poly lactic-co-glycolic acid(PLGA)microparticles(μPL)that have been previously demonstrated for the pharmacological management of osteoarthritis(OA).Three different μPL configurations were fabricated presenting a 20μm×20μm square base and a thickness of 5μm(thin,5H μPL),10μm(10H μPL),and 20μm(cubical,20H μPL).After extensive morphological and physicochemical characterizations,the apparent Young’s modulus of the μPL was quantified under compressive loading returning an average value of~6 kPa,independently of the particle ***,using a linear two-axis tribometer,the static(μ_(s))and dynamic(μ_(d))friction coefficients of the μPL-enriched simulated synovial fluid were determined in terms of particle configuration and concentration,varying from 0(fluid only)to 6×10^(5) μPL/*** particle morphology had a modest influence on friction,possibly because the μPL were fully squeezed between two mating surfaces by a 5.8 N normal load realizing boundary-like lubrication ***,friction was observed to depend on the dimensionless parameterW,defined as the ratio between the total volume of the μPL enriching the simulated synovial fluid and the volume of the fluid *** coefficients of friction were documented to grow withWreaching a plateau of μ_(s)~0.4 and μ_(d)~0.15,already at Ω~2×10^(-3).Future investigations will have to systematically analyze the effect of sliding velocity,normal load,and rigidity of the mating surfaces to elucidate in full the tribological behavior of μPL in the context of osteoarthritis.

关键词： osteoarthritis microparticles tribology synovial fluid pin on plate

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Methane cracking in molten tin for hydrogen and carbon production—a comparison with homogeneous gas phase process

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 155-166页

作者： Emmanuel Busillo Benedetta de Caprariis Maria Paola Bracciale Vittoria Cosentino martina d.mizia Gaetano Iaquaniello Emma Palo Paolo de Filippis Chemical Engineering department Sapienza University of RomeRome 00184Italy NextChem S.p.A. Rome 00156Italy

Methane cracking is considered a bridge technology between gray and green hydrogen production *** this work an experimental study of methane cracking in molten tin is *** tests were conducted in a quartz reactor(i.d.=1.5 cm,L=20 cm)with capillary injection,varying temperature(950–1070℃),inlet methane flow rate(30–60 mL·min^(-1))and tin height(0–20 cm).The influence of the residence time in the tin and in the headspace on methane conversion and on carbon morphology was *** conversions obtained in tin and in the empty reactor were measured and compared with results of detailed kinetic simulations(CRECK).Furthermore,an expression of a global kinetic constant for methane conversion in tin was also *** highest conversion(65%at Q_(0)=30 mL·min^(-1) and t=1070℃)is obtained for homogeneous gas phase reaction due to the long residence time(70 s),the presence of tin leads to a sharp decrease of residence time(1 s),obtaining a conversion of 35%at 1070℃,thus meaning that tin owns a role in the *** characterization(scanning electron microscopy,Raman)reported a change in carbon toward sheet-like structures and an increase of the carbon structural order in the presence of molten tin media.

关键词： methane cracking molten media H2 production carbon morphology

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dysfunction of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor latrophilin 1(AdGRL1/LPHN1)increases the risk of obesity

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2298-2311页

作者： Heba ZabriTorsten Schöneberg AndréNguyen dietzsch Hadi Al-Hasani Joachim Altschmied Katharina Bottermann Jana Brendler Judith Haendeler Susanne Horn Isabell Kaczmarek Antje Körner Kerstin Krause Kathrin Landgraf diana Le duc Laura Lehmann Stefan Lehr Stephanie Pick Albert Ricken Rene Schnorr Angela Schulz martina Strnadová Akhil Velluva Heba Zabri Torsten Schöneberg doreen Thor Simone Prömel Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry Medical FacultyGerman Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany German Center for diabetes Research(dZd e.V.) Munich-NeuherbergGermany Cardiovascular degeneration Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory DiagnosticsMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Cardiovascular Research Institute(CARId) Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Pharmacology Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Anatomy Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Center for Pediatric Research Hospital for Children and AdolescentsMedical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research(HI-MAG)of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany department of Endocrinology NephrologyRheumatologyLeipzig University Medical CenterLeipzigGermany Institute of Human Genetics Leipzig University Medical CenterLeipzigGermany Institute of Cell Biology Department of BiologyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany School of Medicine University of Global Health EquityKigaliRwanda

Obesity is one of the diseases with severe health consequences and rapidly increasing worldwide *** the complex network of food intake and energy balance regulation is an essential prerequisite for pharmacological intervention with obesity.G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are among the main modulators of metabolism and energy ***,for instance,regulate appetite and satiety in certain hypothalamic neurons,as well as glucose and lipid metabolism and hormone secretion from *** in some GPCRs,such as the melanocortin receptor type 4(MC4R),have been associated with early-onset ***,we identified the adhesion GPCR latrophilin 1(AdGRL1/LPHN1)as a member of the regulating network governing food intake and the maintenance of energy *** of the highly conserved receptor in mice results in increased food consumption and severe obesity,accompanied by dysregulation of glucose ***,we identified a partially inactivating mutation in human AdGRL1/LPHN1 in a patient suffering from ***,we propose that LPHN1 dysfunction is a risk factor for obesity development.

关键词： obesity metabolism intake

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Open late:neuronal membrane disruption late in traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第12期16卷 2409-2410页

作者： martina L.Hernandez MiJin Cho Audrey d.Lafrenaye department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA

Membrane disruption is a pathology in which the cellular phospholipid bilayer,which is the cell’s primary defense from the extracellular environment,is *** neurons that are impacted by membrane disruption experience ... 详细信息

关键词： pathology traumatic disruption

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Skeletal endocrinology: where evolutionary advantage meets disease

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Bone Research 2021年第3期9卷 303-312页

作者： Nikolai Jaschke Wolfgang Sipos Lorenz C.Hofbauer Tilman d.Rachner martina Rauner department of Medicine III&Center for Healthy Aging Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany Clinical department for Farm Animals University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria

The regulation of whole-body homeostasis by the skeleton is mediated by its capacity to secrete endocrine signaling *** bone-derived hormones confer several adaptive benefits,their physiological functions also involve trade-offs,thus eventually contributing to *** this manuscript,we discuss the origins and functions of two of the best-studied skeletal mediators,fibroblast growth factor 23 and osteocalcin,in an evolutionary ***,we provide a theoretical framework seeking to explain the broad involvement of these two hormones in amniote physiology as well as their potential to fuel the development and progression of *** versa,we outline which perturbations might be amenable to manipulation of these systems and discuss limitations and ongoing challenges in skeletal endocrine ***,we summarize unresolved questions and potential future studies in this thriving field.

关键词： involvement evolutionary eventually

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Long-term implications of fetal growth restriction

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第13期11卷 2855-2863页

作者： martina d'Agostin Chiara di Sipio Morgia Giovanni Vento Stefano Nobile department of Pediatrics University of TriesteTrieste 34100Italy department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS-UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 000168Italy

Fetal growth restriction(FGR),or intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR),is a complication of pregnancy where the fetus does not achieve its genetic growth *** is characterized by a pathological retardation of intrauterine growth velocity in the curve of intrauterine ***,the FGR definition is still debated,and there is a lack of a uniform definition in the *** IUGR,compared to constitutional smallness,is a pathological condition in which the placenta fails to deliver an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the developing *** with IUGR,compared to appropriately grown gestational age infants,have a significantly higher risk of mortality and neonatal complications with long-term *** studies have demonstrated how suboptimal fetal growth leads to long-lasting physiological alterations for the developing fetus as well as for the newborn and adult in the *** long-term effects of fetal growth retardation may be adaptations to poor oxygen and nutrient supply that are effective in the fetal period but deleterious in the long term through structural or functional *** studies showed that FGR could be a contributing factor for adult chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease,metabolic syndrome,diabetes,respiratory diseases and impaired lung function,and chronic kidney *** this review we discussed pathophysiologic mechanisms of FGR-related complications and potential preventive measures for FGR.

关键词： Fetal growth restriction Intrauterine chronic hypoxia Long-lasting physiological alterations Cardiovascular disease Metabolic syndrome Obstructive pulmonary disease

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Zooming in REE and Other Trace Elements on Conodonts:does Taxonomy Guide diagenesis?

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年第3期32卷 501-511页

作者： Luca Medici martina Savioli Annalisa Ferretti daniele Malferrari National Research Council of Italy Institute of Methodologies for Environmental AnalysisC.da S.Loja-Zona Industriale85050 Tito ScaloPotenzaItaly department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaVia Campi 10341125 ModenaItaly

Conodont elements are calcium phosphate(apatite structure)mineralized remains of the cephalic feeding apparatus of an extinct marine *** to the high affinity of apatite for rare earth elements(REE)and other high field strength elements(HFSE),conodont elements were frequently assumed to be a reliable archive of sea-water composition and changes that had occurred during ***,the crystallinity index of bioapatite,i.e.,the rate of crystallinity of biologically mediated apatite,should be generally linearly dependent on diagenetic alteration as the greater(and longer)the pressure and temperature to which a crystal is exposed,the greater the resulting *** this study,we detected the uptake of HFSE in conodont elements recovered from a single stratigraphic horizon in the Upper Ordovician of Normandy(France).Assuming therefore that all the specimens have undergone an identical diagenetic history,we have assessed whether conodont taxonomy(and morphology)impacts HFSE uptake and crystallinity *** found that all conodont elements are characterized by a clear diagenetic signature,with minor but significant differences among *** distinctions are evidenced also by the crystallinity index values which show positive correlations with some elements and,accordingly,with diagenesis;however,correlations with the crystallinity index strongly depend on the method adopted for its calculation.

关键词： bioapatite crystallinity index HFSE laser ablation mass spectrometry microdiffraction Normandy Ordovician

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Liver pathology in COVId-19 related death and leading role of autopsy in the pandemic

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第1期29卷 200-220页

作者： martina Zanon Margherita Neri Stefano Pizzolitto davide Radaelli Monica Concato Michela Peruch Stefano d'Errico department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences University of TriesteTrieste 34149Italy department of Medical Sciences University of FerraraFerrara 44121Italy department of Pathology Santa Maria della Misericordia University HospitalUdine 33100Italy

BACKGROUNd Information on liver involvement in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 is currently *** To highlight the pathological changes found during the autopsy of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive *** A systematic literature search on PubMed was carried out until June 21,*** A literature review reveals that pre-existing liver disease and elevation of liver enzyme in these patients are not common;liver enzyme elevations tend to be seen in those in critical *** the poor expression of viral receptors in the liver,it seems that the virus is able to infect this organ and therefore cause liver ***,to date,the search for the virus inside the liver is not frequent(16%of the cases)and only a small number show the presence of the *** most of the autopsy cases,macroscopic assessment is lacking,while microscopic evaluation of livers has revealed the frequent presence of congestion(42.7%)and steatosis(41.6%).Less frequent is the finding of hepatic inflammation or necrosis(19%)and portal inflammation(18%).The presence of microthrombi,frequently found in the lungs,is infrequent in the liver,with only 12%of cases presenting thrombotic formations within the vascular *** To date,the greatest problem in interpreting these modifications remains the association of the damage with the direct action of the virus,rather than with the inflammation or alterations induced by hypoxia and hypovolemia in patients undergoing oxygen therapy and decompensated patients.

关键词： Liver COVId-19 Autopsy Immunohistochemistry In situ hybridization Immunofluorescence

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Atypical antipsychotics and oxidative cardiotoxicity:review of literature and future perspectives to prevent sudden cardiac death

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2021年第8期18卷 663-685页

作者： Stefano d’Errico Raffaele La Russa Aniello Maiese Alessandro Santurro Matteo Scopetti Silvia Romano martina Zanon Paola Frati Vittorio Fineschi department of Medical Surgical and Health SciencesUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of FoggiaFoggiaItaly IRCSS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute PozzilliItaly department of Surgical Pathology MedicalMolecular and Critical AreaUniversity of PisaPisaItaly department of Anatomical HistologicalForensic and Orthopaedic SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly

Oxidative stress is considered the principal mediator of myocardial injury under pathological *** is well known that reactive oxygen(ROS)or nitrogen species(RNS)are involved in myocardial injury and repair at the same time and that cellular damage is generally due to an unbalance between generation and elimination of the free radicals due to an inad-equate mechanism of antioxidant defense or to an increase in ROS and *** adverse cardiovascular events are often asso-ciated with drugs with associated findings such as fibrosis or inflammation of the *** efforts in the preclinical phase of the development of drugs,cardiotoxicity still remains a great *** toxicity due to second-generation anti-psychotics(clozapine,olanzapine,quetiapine)has been observed in preclinical studies and described in patients affected with mental disorders.A role of oxidative stress has been hypothesized but more evidence is needed to confirm a causal relationship.A better knowledge of cardiotoxicity mechanisms should address in the future to establish the right dose and length of treatment without impacting the physical health of the patients.

关键词： drugs inflammation oxidative

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5-ASA colonic mucosal concentrations resulting from different pharmaceutical formulations in ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第34期19卷 5665-5670页

作者： Renata d’Incà martina Paccagnella Romilda Cardin Surajit Pathak Vincenzo Baldo Maria Cecilia Giron Giacomo Carlo Sturniolo department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological SciencesUniversity of Padua department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health Institute of HygieneUniversity of Padua department of Pharmacology and Anaesthesiology University of Florence

AIM:To compare the mucosal concentrations of 5-aminosalicylic acid(5-ASA)resulting from different pharmaceutical formulations and analyse the influence of inflammation on the mucosal ***:The study included 130 inflammatory bowel disease(IBd)patients receiving 5-ASA as pH-dependent-release formulations(73 patients),time-dependent-release formulations(11 patients),or pro-drugs(18patients).In addition,28 patients were receiving topical treatment(2-4 g/d)with pH-dependent-release *** biopsies were obtained from the sigmoid region during the *** 5-ASA concentrations(ng/mg)were measured in tissue homogenatesusing high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical *** t test and Mann-Whitney test,when appropriate,were used for statistical ***:Patients receiving pH-dependent-release formulations showed significantly higher mucosal concentrations of 5-ASA(51.75±5.72 ng/mg)compared with patients receiving pro-drugs(33.35±5.78 ng/mg,P=0.01)or time-dependent-release formulations(38.24±5.53 ng/mg,P=0.04).Patients with endoscopic remission had significantly higher mucosal concentrations of5-ASA than patients with active disease(60.14±7.95ng/mg vs 35.66±5.68 ng/mg,P=0.02).Similar results were obtained when we compared patients with the histological appearance of remission and patients with active histological inflammation(67.53±9.22 ng/mg vs 35.53±5.63 ng/mg,Pdetected in patients treated with both oral and topical treatments in combination compared with patients who received oral treatment with pH-dependent-release formulations alone(72.33±11.23 ng/mg vs 51.75±5.72 ng/mg,P=0.03).CONCLUSION:IBd patients showed significant variability in mucosal 5-ASA concentrations depending on the type of formulation,and the highest mean concentration was achieved using pH-dependent-release formulations.

关键词： 5-aminosalicylic acid Inflammatory bowel diseases Mucosal concentration

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