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Root overlap and allocation of above- and belowground growth of European beech in pure and mixed stands of Douglas fir and Norway spruce

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第5期11卷 591-602页

作者： Amani S.Lwila Christian Ammer Oliver Gailing Ludger Leinemann martina Mund Department of Silviculture&Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137077GöttingenGermany Center for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-Use University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137077GöttingenGermany Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest EcologyUniversity of GöttingenBüsgenweg 237077GöttingenGermany Forestry Research and Competence Centre Gotha Jägerstraße 1D-99867Germany

Site conditions and species identity have a combined effect on fine root growth of trees in pure and mixed ***,mechanisms that may contribute to this effect are rarely studied,even though they are essential to assess the potential of species to cope with climate *** study examined fine root overlap and the linkage between fine root and stem growth of European beech(Fagus sylvatica)growing in pure and mixed stands with Douglas fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii)or Norway spruce(Picea abies)at two different study sites in northwestern *** study sites represented substantially different soil and climate *** each site,three stands,and at each stand,three pairs of trees were *** the pure beech stand,the pairs consisted of two beech trees,while in the mixed stands each pair was composed of a beech tree and a *** each pair,three evenly spaced soil cores were taken monthly throughout the growing *** the pure beech stands,microsatellite markers were used to assign the fine roots to individual *** in stem diameter of beech were quantified and then upscaled to aboveground wood productivity with automatic high-resolution circumference *** found that fine root overlap between neighboring trees varied independently of the distance between the paired trees or the stand types(pure versus mixed stands),indicating that there was no territorial *** wood productivity(wood NPP)and fine root productivity(root NPP)showed similar unimodal seasonal patterns,peaking in ***,this pattern was more distinct for root NPP,and root NPP started earlier and lasted longer than wood *** influence of site conditions on the variation in wood and root NPP of beech was stronger than that of stand *** NPP was,as expected,higher at the richer site than at the poorer *** contrast,root NPP was higher at the poorer than at the richer *** concluded that beech can respond to limited resources

关键词： Fine root growth Stem growth Trade-off Cost-benefit ratio Belowground territoriality Conspecific neighbors Heterospecific neighbors

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The German Transplant Certification

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第2期13卷 382-386页

作者： Björn Nashan Utz Settmacher martina Koch The Transplantation Center First Affiliated HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and Medical CenterUniversity of Sciences&Technology of ChinaHefeiChina Department of General Visceral and Vascular SurgeryJena University HospitalJenaGermany General Visceraland Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Medical CenterMainzGermany

Since the inception of solid organ transplantation through the 50s and 60s of the 20th century,transplantation has evolved into a major driver not only in the field of surgery,but immunology,pharmacology,pathology,internal medicine,providing new techniques and concepts to provide services for patients,that had been doomed to succumb to their acute or chronic *** surgeons not only developed surgical techniques but were drivers in the development of immunosuppression as well as the inclusion of other specialties into multidisciplinary teams.

关键词： Education in transplantation board certification interdisciplinary curriculum German Transplant Certification

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18F-FDG-PET for Assessing Biological Viability and Prognosis in Liver Transplant Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2017年第3期5卷 224-234页

作者： Arno Kornberg martina Schernhammer Helmut Friess Department of Surgery Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich Germany

Liver transplantation (LT) has become standard of care in patients with non-resectable early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in liver ***,patient selection for LT is strictly based on tumor size and number,provided by the Milan *** may,however,exclude patients with advanced tumor load but favourable biology from a possibly curative treatment *** became clear in recent years that biological tumor viability rather than tumor macromorphology determines posttransplant *** particular,microvascular invasion and poor grading reflect tumor aggressiveness and promote the risk of tumor *** biopsy is not applicable due to tumor heterogeneity and risk of tumor cell seeding.18F-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET),an established nuclear imaging device in oncology,was demonstrated to non-invasively correlate with unfavorable histopathologic ***,there is an increasing amount of evidence that 18F-FDG-PET is very useful for identifying eligible liver transplant patients with HCC beyond standard criteria but less aggressive tumor *** order to safely expand the HCC selection criteria and the pool of eligible liver recipients,tumor evaluation with 18F-FDG-PETshould be implemented in pretransplant decision process.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplantation 18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography Tumor biology Tumor recurrence

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Long-term metformin therapy and vitamin B12 deficiency: An association to bear in mind

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第7期12卷 916-931页

作者： Marco Infante martina Leoni Massimiliano Caprio Andrea Fabbri UniCamillus Saint Camillus International University of Health SciencesRome 00131Italy Diabetes Research Institute Federation(DRIF) Division of Endocrinology and DiabetesCTO Alesini HospitalDepartment of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRome 00145Italy Network of Immunity in Infection Malignancy and Autoimmunity(NIIMA)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network(USERN)Rome 00145Italy Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life San Raffaele Roma Open UniversityRome 00166Italy Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology IRCCS San Raffaele PisanaRome 00166Italy

To date,metformin remains the first-line oral glucose-lowering drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes thanks to its well-established long-term safety and efficacy ***,metformin is the most widely used oral insulinsensitizing agent,being prescribed to more than 100 million people worldwide,including patients with prediabetes,insulin resistance,and polycystic ovary ***,over the last decades several observational studies and meta-analyses have reported a significant association between long-term metformin therapy and an increased prevalence of vitamin B12 *** note,evidence suggests that long-term and high-dose metformin therapy impairs vitamin B12 *** B12(also referred to as cobalamin)is a water-soluble vitamin that is mainly obtained from animal-sourced *** the cellular level,vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor for enzymes that play a critical role in DNA synthesis and ***,vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to a number of clinical consequences that include hematologic abnormalities(e.g.,megaloblastic anemia and formation of hypersegmented neutrophils),progressive axonal demyelination and peripheral ***,no definite guidelines are currently available for vitamin B12 deficiency screening in patients on metformin therapy,and vitamin B12 deficiency remains frequently unrecognized in such ***,in this“field of vision”article we propose a list of criteria for a cost-effective vitamin B12 deficiency screening in metformin-treated patients,which could serve as a practical guide for identifying individuals at high risk for this ***,we discuss additional relevant topics related to this field,including:(1)The lack of consensus about the exact definition of vitamin B12 deficiency;(2)The definition of reliable biomarkers of vitamin B12 status;(3)Causes of vitamin B12 deficiency other than metformin therapy that should be identified promptly in metformin-treated pat

关键词： Metformin Vitamin B12 deficiency Metformin-induced cobalamin deficiency Diabetes Type 2 diabetes Prediabetes Screening criteria Neuropathy Anemia

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Secondary bile acids and the biliary epithelia: The good and the bad

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第2期29卷 357-366页

作者： Ilaria Lenci martina Milana Alessandro Signorello Giuseppe Grassi Leonardo Baiocchi Hepatology Unit Policlinico Tor VergataRome 00133Italy

The biliary tract has been considered for several decades a passive system just leading the hepatic bile to the *** several researches demonstrated an important role of biliary epithelia(***)in bile *** study of biliary processes therefore maintains a continuous interest since the possible important implications regarding chronic cholestatic human diseases,such as primary biliary cholangitis or primary sclerosing *** acids(BAs),produced by the liver,are the most represented organic molecules in *** physiologic importance of BAs was initially attributed to their behavior as natural detergents but several studies now demonstrate they are also important signaling *** this minireview the effect of BAs on the biliary epithelia are reported focusing in particular on secondary(deriving by bacterial manipulation of primary molecules)*** class of BAs is demonstrated to have relevant biological effects,ranging from toxic to therapeutic *** this family ursodeoxycholic and lithocholic acid present the most interesting *** molecular mechanisms linking ursodeoxycholic acid to its beneficial effects on the biliary tract are discussed in details as well as data on the processes leading to lithocholic *** findings suggest that expansion of research in the field of BAs/cholangiocytes interaction may increase our understanding of cholestatic diseases and should be helpful in designing more effective therapies for biliary disorders.

关键词： Cholangiocytes Biliary secretion Cholestasis Bile acids Secondary bile acids Ursodeoxycholic acid Lithocholic acid

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Different maternal investment strategies for male and female calves in a polygynous mammal

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Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 269-277页

作者： Francisco CEACERO martina KOMARKOVA Andres J.GARCIA Laureano GALLEGO Department of Animal Science and Food Processing Faculty of Tropical AgriSciencesCzech University of Life Sciences Kamycka 12916500 Praha 6-Suchdol Czech Republic Department of Ethology Institute of Animal Science Pratelstvi 815 10401 Praha - Uhnneves Czech Republic Instituto de Investigacion en Recursos Cinegeticos (IREC) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha-Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM) Ronda de Toledo s/n 13071 Ciudad RealSpain Seccion de Recursos Cinegeticos y Ganaderos Instituto de Desarrollo Regional (IDR)02071 AlbaceteSpain Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia Agroforestal y Genetica ETSIAM Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha(UCLM)02071 AlbaceteSpain

Mater nal effects occur whe n the phe no type of the mother in flue nces that of the young to the detriment of her survival, growth or fitn ess. The in vestment of the mother can be affected by mater nal body condition and/or experience. Trivers-Willard Hypothesis (TWH) and Local Resource Competition Hypothesis (LRCH) are the main hypotheses used to explain bias in birth sex-ratios in mammals, as well as for sex-biased maternal investment. Both hypotheses suggest that a different amount of investment must be expected according to the sex of the young. However, recent studies suggest that these differences are not in quantity but in the strategies: mechanisms and objectives may differ for each sex. We studied how maternal characteristics (age, body mass, body condition, and domi nance status) influence re leva nt aspects of the birth and early growth of the calf (birth date, birth body mass, body mass at weaning, and body condition at weaning) separately for each sex;and how that investment is mediated by milk production and composition (lactose, fat, and protein). One hundred eighty-eight newborns from 75 captive red deer hinds aged from 2 to 19 years were analyzed. The main differential investment observed was related to birth date: when producing a female, hinds give birth earlier in the season only if they have a good body condition;however, when gestating a male it is the older hinds those which deliver earlier. Subsequently, milk production and composition are correlated with birth body mass in female calves, but to weaning body mass in males. Thus, only hind body mass affects the weaning body mass of female calves, compared with age and hind body mass in males. These results suggest that while TWH fits the maternal investment strategy found for male calves, it is LRCH which correlates with the maternal investment patterns observed for females.

关键词： birth date body condition local resources competition hypothesis milk production sex-ratio Trivers-Willard hypothesis

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Bsm I(rs1544410) and Fok I(rs2228570) vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, smoking, and body mass index as risk factors of cutaneous malignant melanoma in northeast Italy

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2017年第3期14卷 302-318页

作者： Sabina Cauci Vincenzo Maione Cinzia Buligan martina Linussio Diego Serraino Giuseppe Stinco Department of Medicine University of UdineUdine 33100Italy Dermatology Clinic University Hospital of Brescia Brescia 25123Italy Dermatology Clinic University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Unit of Cancer Epidemiology CRO Aviano National Cancer InstituteAviano 33081Italy

Objective:To investigate whether vitamin D receptor gene(VDR)Bsm I-rs1544410 and Fok I-rs2228570 polymorphisms,smoking duration,and body mass index(BMI)are risk factors for cutaneous melanoma,especially metastatic ***:We studied 120 cutaneous melanoma cases[68 stage I and II non-metastatic melanoma(NMet M)patients,plus 52Stage III and IV metastatic melanoma(Met M)patients],and 120 matching healthy controls from northeast *** polymorphisms were measured by restriction fragment length polymorphism *** or presence of Bsm I and Fok I restriction sites was denoted by"B"and"F"or by"b"and"f,"***:VDR-Bsm I bb genotype was more frequent among Met M(32.7%)than among NMet M cases(13.2%),with odds ratio(OR)=*** of all melanoma patients vs healthy controls showed that the following biomarkers were at risk:≥20 years of smoking(OR=2.43);≥20 years of smoking combined with bb(OR=4.78),Bb+bb(OR=2.30),Ff(OR=3.04),and Ff+ff(OR=3.08);obesity(BMI>30Conclusions:Risk factors for cutaneous Met M include two VDR polymorphisms combined with smoking duration and *** suggest gene-environment implications in melanoma susceptibility and *** studies in larger cohorts and in subjects with different genetic background are warranted to extend our findings.

关键词： Vitamin D receptor VDR polymorphism cutaneous melanoma metastatic melanoma smoking body mass index obesity skin cancer

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Ground cover management and farmyard manure effects on soil nitrogen dynamics, productivity and economics of organically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. subsp, secalina)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第4期16卷 947-958页

作者： Manojlovic Maja Cabilovski Ranko Nikolic Ljiljana Dzigurski Dejana Seremesic Srdan Bavec martina Faculty of Agriculture University of Novi Sad Novi Sad 21000 Serbia Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences University of Maribor Maribor 2000 Slovenia

Ground cover management and farmyard manure （FYM） management have important roles in organic lettuce production. However, there is not enough information about their combined effects. In order to assess the effects of individual and combined ground cover and FYM management on soil mineral N （NH4-N and NO3-N） dynamics, lettuce yield and economics in organic farming, a two-year field experiment was conducted on a certified organic farm in Kisa6 （Vojvodina, Serbia）. The experiment had a two-factorial split-plot completely randomized block design. FYM was applied on the half of the experimental field as a whole-plot factor, while ground cover management included the following four treatments：（I） control, without ground cover management （0）; （11） hoeing （H）; （111） agrotextile cover; （IV） straw mulch （SM）, which were applied on split plots. The applied SM and AT increased soil moisture by 12.83 and 3.73%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. FYM increased soil mineral N concentration, the lettuce fresh matter （FM） yield and nitrate concentration in lettuce. However, nitrate concentration in lettuce in all treatments was below the limit required by the European Commission （EC）（2001）. The highest lettuce yield was obtained by AT （39 122 kg）, followed by SM （33 925 kg）, and it was higher with FYM application by 16.85%. Hoeing did not positively affect the yield, probably due to its negative effect on soil moisture. Additional profit was higher with FYM, showing the following decreasing order： AT〉H〉SM〉Ф. However, value/cost ratio （VCR） was in the order Ф〉H〉SM〉AT on FYM fertilized plots. FYM application led to higher lettuce yield and higher profit and VCR. In case a farm does not have FYM, SM is the best alternative due to its positive effect on the yield and low investment costs. Keywords： hoeing, agrotextile cover, straw mulch, farmyard manure, FYM, mulch

关键词： hoeing agrotextile cover straw mulch farmyard manure FYM mulch

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Nestling sex ratio is unaffected by individual and population traits in the griffon vulture

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Current Zoology 2023年第3期69卷 227-235页

作者： Guillermo Gomez-Lopez Felix Martinez Ana Sanz-Aguilar martina Carrete Guillermo Blanco Department of Evolutionary Ecology National Museum of Natural Sciences(MNCN)Spanish National Research Council(CSiC)Jose Gutierrez Abascal 228006 MadridSpain Escuela Internacional de Doctorado Universidad Rey Juan Carlos(URJC)Tulipan s/n28933 MostolesMadridSpain Animal Demography and Ecology Group Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avangats(IMEDEA)Miquel Marques 217020 EsporlesMallorcaSpain Applied Zoology and Conservation Group Universitat de les Illes Balears(UIB)Ctra.De Valldemossa km.7.507122PalmaSpain Department of Physical Chemical and Natural SystemsUniversidad Pablo de Olavide(UPO)Ctra.de Utrera km.141013 SevillaSpain

Variation in offspring sex ratios is a central topic in animal demography and population *** studies have focused on bird species with marked sexual dimorphism and multiple-nestling broods,where the offspring sex ratio is often biased due to different individual or environmental ***,biases in offspring sex ratios have been far less investigated in monomorphic and single-egg laying species,and few studies have evaluated long-term and large-scale variations in the sex ratio of nestling ***,we explore individual and environmental factors potentially affecting the secondary sex ratio of the monomorphic griffon vulture Gyps *** used information collected at three breeding nuclei from central Spain over a 30-year period(1990–2020)to analyse the effects of nestling age,parental age,breeding phenology,conspecific density,population reproductive parameters,and spatial and temporal variability on nestling *** ratio did not differ from parity either at the population or the nuclei *** significant between-year differences were detected,even under highly changing conditions of food availability associated with the mad-cow *** found that tree nesting breeders tend to have more sons than daughters,but as this nesting behavior is rare and we consequently have a small sample size,this issue would require additional *** further research is needed to assess the potential effect of breeder identity on nestling sex ratio,this study contributes to understanding the basic ecology and population dynamics of Griffon Vultures,a long-lived species with deferred maturity and low fecundity,whose minor deviations in the offspring sex ratio might imply major changes at the population level.

关键词： offspring sex ratio nestling sex Gyps fulvus monomorphism mad-cow crisis demography

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COVID-19 in normal,diseased and transplanted liver

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第20期27卷 2576-2585页

作者： Alessandro Signorello Ilaria Lenci martina Milana Giuseppe Grassi Leonardo Baiocchi Hepatology Unit Department of MedicineUniversity of Tor VergataRome 00133Italy

Starting from December 2019 the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has extended in the entire world giving origin to a *** the respiratory system is the main apparatus involved by the infection,several other organs may suffer coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)-related *** human tissues expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)are all possible targets of viral *** fact myocarditis,meningo-encephalitis,acute kidney injury and other complications have been described with regard to SARS-CoV-2 *** liver has a central role in the body homeostasis contributing to detoxification,catabolism and also synthesis of important factor such as plasma ***2 is significantly expressed just by cholangiocytes within the liver,however transaminases are increased in more than one third of COVID-19 patients,at hospital *** reasons for liver impairment in the course of this infection are not completely clear at present and multiple factors such as:Direct viral effect,release of cytokines,ischemic damage,use of hepatotoxic drugs,sepsis,and others,may contribute to *** COVID-19 seems to elicit just a transient alteration of liver function tests in subjects with normal hepatic function,of concern,more severe sequelae are frequently observed in patients with a reduced hepatic *** this review we report data regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection in subjects with normal or diseased *** addition the risks of COVID-19 in immunosuppressed patients(either transplanted or suffering for autoimmune liver diseases)are also described.

关键词： COVID-19 Liver Non-alcoholic fatty-liver-disease Cirrhosis Liver transplant Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

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