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Enhancing 3D Reconstruction Accuracy of FIB Tomography Data Using Multi‑voltage Images and Multimodal Machine Learning

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2024年第1期7卷 48-60页

作者： Trushal Sardhara Alexander Shkurmanov Yong Li Lukas Riedel Shan Shi Christian J.Cyron Roland C.Aydin martin Ritter Institute for Continuum and Material Mechanics Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Electron Microscopy Unit Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Institute of Materials Physics and Technology Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Institute of Materials Mechanics Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthachtGermany Research Group of Integrated Metallic Nanomaterials Systems Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Institute of Material Systems Modeling Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthachtGermany

FIB-SEM tomography is a powerful technique that integrates a focused ion beam(FIB)and a scanning electron microscope(SEM)to capture high-resolution imaging data of *** approach involves collecting in-plane SEM imagesand using FIB to remove material layers for imaging subsequent planes,thereby producing image ***,theseimage stacks in FIB-SEM tomography are subject to the shine-through effect,which makes structures visible from theposterior regions of the current *** artifact introduces an ambiguity between image intensity and structures in thecurrent plane,making conventional segmentation methods such as thresholding or the k-means algorithm *** study,we propose a multimodal machine learning approach that combines intensity information obtained at differentelectron beam accelerating voltages to improve the three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction of *** treatingthe increased shine-through effect at higher accelerating voltages as a form of additional information,the proposed methodsignificantly improves segmentation accuracy and leads to more precise 3D reconstructions for real FIB tomography data.

关键词： Multimodal machine learning Multi-voltage images FIB-SEM Overdeterministic systems 3D reconstruction FIB tomography

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Incidence of respiratory infections and SARS-CoV-2 is higher during contact phases in student rugby players–Lessons learnt from COVID-19 risk mitigation strategies–AWARE V

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第3期6卷 252-259页

作者： Carolette Snyders Nicola Sewry Wayne Derman Maaike Eken Esme Jordaan Sonja Swanevelder martin Schwellnus Sport Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute(SEMLI)Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaSouth Africa Section Sports Medicine Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaSouth Africa IOC Research Centre of South Africa South Africa Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine Department of ExerciseSport and Lifestyle MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversitySouth Africa Biostatistics Unit South African Medical Research CouncilSouth Africa Statistics and Population Studies Department University of the Western CapeSouth Africa

The incidence of acute respiratory infections(ARinf),including SARS-CoV-2,in unvaccinated student rugby players during phases from complete lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic to returning to competition is *** aim of the study was to determine the incidence of ARinf(including SARS-CoV-2)during noncontact and contact phases during the COVID-19 pandemic to evaluate risk mitigation *** this retrospective cohort study,319 top tier rugby players from 17 universities completed an online *** was reported during 4 phases over 14 months(April 2020–May 2021):phase 1(individual training),phase 2(non-contact team training),phase 3(contact team training)and phase 4(competition).Incidence(per 1000 player days)and Incidence Ratio(IR)for‘All ARinf’,and subgroups(SARS-CoV-2;‘Other ARinf’)are *** factors associated with ARinf were also *** incidence of‘All ARinf’(0.31)was significantly higher for SARS-CoV-2(0.23)vs.‘Other ARinf’(0.08)(p<0.01).The incidence of‘All ARinf’(IR¼3.6;p<0.01)and SARS-CoV-2(IR¼4.2;p<0.01)infection was significantly higher during contact(phases 3þ4)compared with non-contact(phases 1þ2).Demographics,level of sport,co-morbidities,allergies,influenza vaccination,injuries and lifestyle habits were not associated with ARinf *** student rugby,contact phases are associated with a 3–4 times higher incidence of ARinf/SARS-CoV-2 compared to non-contact *** risk mitigation strategies in the contact sport setting are *** from this study serve as a platform to which future research on incidence of ARinf in athletes within contact team sports,can be compared.

关键词： COVID-19 Athletes Risk Prevention Epidemiology

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A multi-photon(7×7)-focus 3D laser printer based on a 3D-printed diffractive optical element and a 3D-printed multi-lens array

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2024年第1期5卷 26-39页

作者： Pascal Kiefer Vincent Hahn Sebastian Kalt Qing Sun Yolita M.Eggeler martin Wegener DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)and Heidelberg University76128 KarlsruheGermany Institute of Applied Physics(APH) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76128 KarlsruheGermany Institute of Nanotechnology(INT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76128 KarlsruheGermany Laboratory for Electron Microscopy(LEM) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76128 KarlsruheGermany

One of the challenges in the field of multi-photon 3D laser printing lies in further increasing the print speed in terms of voxels/***,we present a setup based on a 7×7 focus array(rather than 3×3 in our previous work)and using a focus velocity of about 1 m/s(rather than 0.5 m/s in our previous work)at the diffraction limit(40×/NA1.4 microscope objective lens).Combined,this advance leads to a ten times increased print speed of about 108 voxels/*** demonstrate polymer printing of a chiral metamaterial containing more than 1.7×10^(12) voxels as well as millions of printed microparticles for potential pharmaceutical *** critical high-quality micro-optical components of the setup,namely a diffractive optical element generating the 7×7 beamlets and a 7×7 lens array,are manufactured by using a commercial two-photon grayscale 3D laser printer.

关键词： 3D laser printing Direct laser writing Multi-photon absorption Multi-focus optics Diffractive optical element Lens array

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Advanced Insights into Goliathus orientalis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Tanzania

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第2期12卷 129-142页

作者： Gration Mutashoberwa Rwegasira Pasiensi martin Kayombo Department of Crop Science and Horticulture Sokoine University of Agriculture Chuo Kikuu Morogoro Tanzania Kayomboi Community Group of Researchers in Insects Morogoro Tanzania

Members of the Goliathus group in the order Coleoptera, family Scarabaeidae and the sub-family Cetoniidae is one among essential ecological insects worldwide with scanty documentation in Tanzania. The country was among the first point of collection of the specimen by Moser (1909) but subsequent attempts to locate and collect the specimen were unsuccessful possibly due to changed habitat and behaviour of Goliathus. Much of published work about the insect are based on the morphological characteristics of collected specimen which led to designation of six major species namely;Goliathus goliatus, G. cacicus, G. regius, G. albosignatus, G. orientalis and G. usambarensis, the last two being considered to exist in Tanzania. The current study reports on successful identification of habitats using biological cues and subsequently collected several Goliathus specimen that had been difficult to trace for more than a century. New insights into correct identity of the species by using a combination of morphological and molecular techniques have been set. The study has resolved that only one species, Goliathus orientalis with five sub-species exist in Tanzania.

关键词： Coleoptera Goliathus Species Morphological Features Barcoding Tanzania

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Effects of a school-based karate intervention on academic achievement,psychosocial functioning,and physical fitness:A multi-country cluster randomized controlled trial

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 90-98页

作者： Tania Pinto-Escalona Erica Gobbi Pedro L.Valenzuela Simon J.Bennett Pierluigi Aschieri Manuel martin-Loeches Antonio Paoli Oscar martinez-de-Quel Faculty of Education Complutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain Department of Biomolecular Sciences University of Urbino“Carlo Bo”Urbino 61029Italy Department of Systems Biology University of AlcaláMadrid 28805Spain Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Faculty of ScienceLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolL33AFUK Italian Judo WrestlingKarate and Martial Arts FederationRome 00122Italy Psychobiology&Methods for the Behavioural Sciences Department Complutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain Department of Biomedical Sciences University of PaduaPadua 35122Italy

Purpose:To examine the effects of a school-based karate intervention on academic achievement,psychosocial functioning,and physical fitness in children aged 7-8 ***:Twenty schools in 5 different European countries(2 second-grade classrooms per school)participated in a cluster randomized controlled trial(Sport at School trial).Participants were assigned to either a control group,which continued with their habitual physical education lessons,or to an intervention group,which replaced these lessons with a 1-year karate intervention(Karate Mind and Movement program).A total of 721 children(344 girls and 377 boys,7.4±0.5 years old,mean±SD)completed the study,of which 333 and 388 were assigned to the control group and intervention group,*** included academic performance(average grade),psychosocial functioning(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for parents),and different markers of physical fitness(cardiorespiratory fitness,balance,and flexibility).Results:The intervention provided small but significant benefits compared to the control group for academic achievement(d=0.16;p=0.003),conduct problems(d=-0.28;p=0.003),cardiorespiratory fitness(d=0.36;p0.05).Conclusion:A 1-year school-based karate intervention was effective in improving academic achievement,conduct problems,and physical fitness in primary school *** results support the inclusion of karate during physical education lessons.

关键词： Academic performance Cardiorespiratory fitness Conduct problems Karate Physical fitness

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Enantioselective Synthesis,(Chir)optical Properties,and Postsynthetic Functionalization of Furan-Containing Oxa[5]-,Oxa[6]-,and Dioxa[6]helicenes

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第10期6卷 2439-2451页

作者： Wei Fu Valentina Pelliccioli Raquel Casares-López Juan M.Cuerva martin Simon Christopher Golz Manuel Alcarazo Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen37077 Göttingen Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de GranadaUnidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y MedioambienteE-18071 Granada

An expedient synthesis of a series of configurationally stable oxa[5]helicenes,oxa[6]helicenes,and dioxa[6]helicenes has been developed using an intramolecular,highly enantioselective,Au-catalyzed,alkyne hydroarylation *** absolute configuration of the newly prepared structures has been established by crystallography,their inversion barriers have been determined theoretically and experimentally,and their chiroptical properties have been *** of these data with those reported for thia-or carbohelicenes sharing an otherwise identical helical framework enables the establishment of comprehensive correlations between the nature of the embedded(hetero)atom(s)and the magnitude of these *** studies on the postsynthetic functionalization of the oxahelicenes obtained are also ***,siteselective bromination at the 15-position in oxa[5]helicene 5d allows its subsequent manipulation into pyridine-containing aza-oxa[7]helicene 13d;while the two termini of oxa[6]helicene 7d have been intramolecularly cyclised into the pleiadeno[1,12,11-bcde]benzofuran derivative 15d by acidic *** transformations take place without erosion of the enantiopurity.

关键词： Au-catalysis enantioselective synthesis oxa[n]helicenes racemization dynamics postsynthetic functionalization

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Sustainable plasticulture in Chinese agriculture: a review of challenges and routes to achieving long-term food and ecosecurity

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 155-168页

作者： Samuel J.CUSWORTH William J.DAVIES martin R.MCAINSH Carly J.STEVENS Weilu WANG Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK The Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Plastic pollution is global concern, affecting most aspects of global food production systems. Plasticulture, a practice used in agriculture to improve crop quality and quantity, among other factors, is a significant source of plastic pollution. This review examines the extent of plasticulture in China, the implications of the practice across decades of use and the legislative instruments used to resolve those issues. It briefly assesses the effectiveness of these policies and proposes possible future innovations to promote increases in long-term food and eco-security, where sustainable plasticulture is a key agent for change. While plasticulture has increased agricultural productivity in growth-limiting conditions, plastic pollution in agricultural soils has become acute in China. Consequently, plastic pollution is having deleterious effects on soil health and in turn, crop productivity in China. Plastic pollution in agriculture is a multifaceted issue and so proposed solutions should be informed by this complexity. Current measures do not reflect a holistic approach to solving this socioecological challenge and adopt a top-down approach, with little or no supportive mechanisms. Future recommendations need to consider the particular set of conditions that influence the production, use and end-of-life management of agriplastics,specific to the environmental, economic and social conditions in each location.

关键词： Circular plastics economy crop production food security plastic pollution sustainable plasticulture

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Graphene binding on black phosphorus enables high on/off ratios and mobility

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 188-195页

作者： Fanrong Lin Zhonghan Cao Feiping Xiao Jiawei Liu Jiabin Qiao Minmin Xue Zhili Hu Ying Liu Huan Lu Zhuhua Zhang Jens martin Qingjun Tong Wanlin Guo Yanpeng Liu Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and Institute for Frontier Science Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Centre for Advanced 2D Materials National University of Singapore School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Centre for Quantum Physics Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and MeasurementSchool of PhysicsBeijing Institute of Technology Leibniz Institute für kristallzüchtung

Graphene is one of the most promising candidates for integrated circuits due to its robustness against short-channel effects, inherent high carrier mobility and desired gapless nature for Ohmic contact, but it is difficult to achieve satisfactory on/off ratios even at the expense of its carrier mobility, limiting its device applications. Here, we present a strategy to realize high back-gate switching ratios in a graphene monolayer with well-maintained high mobility by forming a vertical heterostructure with a black phosphorus multi-layer. By local current annealing, strain is introduced within an established area of the graphene, which forms a reflective interface with the rest of the strain-free area and thus generates a robust off-state via local current depletion. Applying a positive back-gate voltage to the heterostructure can keep the black phosphorus insulating, while a negative back-gate voltage changes the black phosphorus to be conductive because of hole accumulation. Then, a parallel channel is activated within the strain-free graphene area by edge-contacted electrodes, thereby largely inheriting the intrinsic carrier mobility of graphene in the on-state. As a result, the device can provide an on/off voltage ratio of >10～3 as well as a mobility of ～8000 cm2V-1s-1at room temperature, meeting the low-power criterion suggested by the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems.

关键词： graphene on/off ratio mobility black phosphorus reflective interface

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“机械灌注+”应用于扩大标准供肝移植--肝尽其用

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Engineering 2024年第1期32卷 29-40页

作者： Zhoucheng Wang Jack martin Jiongjie Yu Kai Wang Kourosh Saeb-Parsy Xiao Xu Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058China Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310006China Department of Surgery Cambridge University Hospitals&NHS Foundation TrustCambridge CB22QQ UK Department of Surgery University of Cambridge&NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridge CB22QQUK Institute of Organ Transplantation Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003China

Transplantation represents the most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases but is limited by the shortage of healthy donor *** criteria donor(ECD)liver grafts are increasingly utilized in clinical practice to mitigate this ***,impaired ischemic tolerance of these grafts jeopardizes organ viability during cold *** perfusion(MP)was designed to improve organ preservation and reduce posttransplant ***,it is increasingly evident that MP alone may not preserve ECD grafts *** emphasis has thus been placed on modified MP strategies,including the use of different perfusates,modified perfusion modalities,and different therapeutic ***,we introduce a novel term,"MP Plus,"denoting these additional strategies that are designed to restore organ function and potentially enable regeneration of ECD *** this review,we summarize the existing and potential modified MP strategies and discuss their advantages in reconditioning different ECD grafts in clinical settings.

关键词： Liver transplantation Extended criteria donor Machine perfusion plus Organ shortage

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Terrestrial invertebrate hosts of human pathogens in urban ecosystems

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Eco-Environment & Health 2024年第3期3卷 369-380页

作者： An Xie Yiyue Zhang martin F.Breed Xinli An Haifeng Yao Qiansheng Huang Jianqiang Su Xin Sun Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Ningbo Observation and Research StationInstitute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in BeilunNingbo 315830China College of Science&Engineering Flinders UniversitySA 5042Australia

Terrestrial invertebrates in urban ecosystems are extremely species-rich,have many important roles in material flow and energy circulation,and are host to many human pathogens that pose threats to human *** invertebrates are widely distributed in urban areas,including both out-and in-door ***,humans are frequently in contact with them,which provides many opportunities for them to pose human health ***,comprehensive knowledge on human pathogen transfer via invertebrates is lacking,with research to date primarily focused on dipterans(e.g.,mosquitoes,flies).Here,we take a broad taxonomic approach and review terrestrial invertebrate hosts(***,flies,termites,cockroaches,mites,ticks,earthworms,collembola,fleas,snails,and beetles)of human pathogens,with a focus on transmission *** also discuss how urbanization and global warming are likely to influence the communities of invertebrate hosts and have flow-on risks to human ***,we identify current research gaps and provide perspectives on future directions.

关键词： Human health Human pathogens Invertebrates Urbanization Zoonoses

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