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Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Ryan McClory Richard H.Ellis martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina Mayoral Kris M.Hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob MacKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns Masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

LEAD ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS OF CENOZOIC BASALTS FROM EASTERN CHINA:GEOGRAPHICAL CONTROL AND GENETIC SIGNIFICANCE

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1989年第24期34卷 2055-2060页

作者：解广轰涂勘王俊文张明 martin F.J.flower Institute of Geochemistry Academia Sinica Guiyang 550002 PRC. Department of Geological Sciences University of Illinois Chicago Illinois 60680 USA Institute of Geochemistry Academia Sinica Guiyang 550002 PRC.Department of Geological Sciences University of Illinois Chicago Illinois 60680 USA

Cenozoic basalts, widespread in eastern China constitute an important part of the volcanic belt at Circum-Pacific continental margins. In recent years, one of the major objectives of isotope geochemical studies of basalts is to explore spatial relationships between magmatic sources and tectonic settings. In this note, we report new Pb isotopic results for basalts from Wudalianchi, Changbaishan, Kuandian, Hannuaba, Datong, Hainan and the South

关键词： Pb isotope basalt mantle source.

中国东部新生代玄武岩铅同位素组成的地理分布特征和成因意义

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科学通报 1989年第10期34卷 772-775页

作者：解广轰涂勘王俊文张明 martin F.J.flower 中国科学院地球化学研究所 University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Geological Sciences

中国东部广泛出露的新生代玄武岩是环太平洋大陆边缘火山活动带的重要组成部分。近年来,同位素地球化学对它研究的一个主要方面是探讨玄武岩的同位素组成有无地理分布的差异,以及与源区性质和构造背景的关系。本文报道了五大连池、长白... 详细信息

中国东部广泛出露的新生代玄武岩是环太平洋大陆边缘火山活动带的重要组成部分。近年来,同位素地球化学对它研究的一个主要方面是探讨玄武岩的同位素组成有无地理分布的差异,以及与源区性质和构造背景的关系。本文报道了五大连池、长白山、宽甸、汉诺坝。

关键词：新生代玄武岩铅同位素地理分布

地中海地区明显反差的岩石圈变形与岩浆活动的共存:陆-陆碰撞过程中地幔流的响应与表现

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现代地质 2004年第4期18卷 435-442页

作者：邓晋福 martin F.J.flower 苏尚国喻学惠罗照华邱瑞照吴宗絮中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院北京100083 UniversityofIllinoisatChicago 中国地质科学院地质研究所北京100037 国家地震局地质研究院北京100029

基于2004年参加意大利举行的第32届国际地质大会以及会后参加的野外地质考察期间学习和了解到的许多新成果,阐述了地中海地区明显反差的岩石圈变形和岩浆作用的共存,及其随时间的同步—同方向迁移,提出了陆陆碰撞过程中地幔流的初步工... 详细信息

基于2004年参加意大利举行的第32届国际地质大会以及会后参加的野外地质考察期间学习和了解到的许多新成果,阐述了地中海地区明显反差的岩石圈变形和岩浆作用的共存,及其随时间的同步—同方向迁移,提出了陆陆碰撞过程中地幔流的初步工作模型。

关键词：地中海明显反差的岩石圈变形与岩浆活动地幔流

The Ins and Outs of the Rice AGAMOUS Subfamily

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Molecular Plant 2013年第3期6卷 650-664页

作者： Ludovico Dreni Michela Osnato martin M. Kater Department of Biosciences Università degli Studi di Milano via Celoria 26 20133 Milan Italy

Genes of the AGAMOUS subfamily have been shown to play crucial roles in reproductive organ identity determination, fruit, and seed development. They have been deeply studied in eudicot species and especially in Arabidopsis. Recently, the AGAMOUS subfamily of rice has been studied for their role in flower development and an enormous amount of data has been generated. In this review, we provide an overview of these data and discuss the conservation of gene functions between rice and Arabidopsis.

关键词： transcriptional control and transcription factors floral development reproductive biology Arabidopsis rice.

Psychophysics of the hoverfly: categorical or continuous color discrimination?

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 483-492页

作者： Lea Hannah Adrian G. Dyer Jair E. Garcia Alan Dorin martin Burd School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Richmond New South Wales 2753 Australia School of Media and Communication RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia Department of Physiology Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia

There is increasing interest in flies as potentially important pollinators. Flies are known to have a complex visual system, in eluding 4 spectral classes of photoreceptors that con tribute to the perception of color. Our current understanding of how color signals are perceived by flies is based on data for the blowfly Lucilia sp., which after being conditi oned to rewarded mono chromatic light stimuli, showed evidenee of a categorical color visual system. The resulting opponent fly color space has 4 distinct categories, and has been used to interpret how some fly pollinators may perceive flower colors. However, formal proof that flower flies (Syrphidae) only use a simple, categorical color process remains outstanding. In free-flying experiments, we tested the hoverfly Eristalis tenax, a Batesian mimic of the honeybee, that receives its nutrition by visiting flowers. Using a range of broadband similar-dissimilar color stimuli previously used to test color perception in pollinating hymenopteran species, we evaluated if there are steep changes in behavioral choices with continuously increasing color differences as might be expected by categorical color processing. Our data revealed that color choices by the hoverfly are mediated by a continuous monotonic function. Thus, these flies did not use a categorical processing, but showed evidenee of a color discrimination function similar to that observed in several bee species. We therefore empirically provide data for the minimum color distanee that can be discriminated by hoverflies in fly color space, enabling an improved un derstandi ng of plant-poll in ator interactions with a non-model insect species.

关键词： chromatic signal color model floral color fly pollination plant-pollinator vision

Weak correlation of flower color and nectar-tube depth in temperate grasslands

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第2期10卷 397-405页

作者： Julia Binkenstein martina Stang Julien P.Renoult H.martin Schaefer Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology Faculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacher Straße 479106 FreiburgGermany Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722300 RA LeidenThe Netherlands Institute of Arts Creation Theory and Aesthetics UMR 8218-CNRS47 r.des bergers75015 ParisFrance Fundacion Jocotoco Lizardo GarcíaE9-104 y Andrés XauraP.O.Box 17-16-337QuitoEcuador

Aims Nectar is one of the most common floral rewards offered to pol-linators by *** on the plant species,nectar is offered openly or in tubes of various lengths restricting accessibility of this resource for flower visitors with short *** attract-ing pollinators that match floral morphology increases pollination efficiency,flowers could profit from signaling nectar-tube depth to *** flower colors are important signals in plant-pol-linator communication,we investigated whether and which differ-ent chromatic or achromatic aspects of flower color might indicate nectar-tube depth or whether flower colors facilitate the differen-tiation between flowers with long nectar tubes by means of high chromatic *** To this end,we collected flower reflectance spectra of 135 grassland plant *** analyzed flower colors as raw reflectance spectra in principal component analysis(PCA)and in the color space of *** Findings The correlation between flower colors and tube depths was *** the bee’s point of view,blue flowers had on average deeper tubes than green,blue-green and UV-green flowers potentially allow-ing insects to predict tube depths based on blue *** purity did not correlate with nectar-tube depth,nor did the chromatic uniqueness of flower colors in the honeybee color *** wavelength showed a significant but very weak correlation with tube *** achromatic green contrast decreased with increasing tube depth as did brightness;thus deep tubes were less conspicuous than shallow *** components resulting from PCA did not or only slightly correlate with tube *** results illustrate that flower colors may have a certain potential to indicate tube depth,*** accessibility,from a bee’s perspective.

关键词： vision pollination efficiency plant-animal interaction nectar tube depth

OsMADS16 Genetically Interacts with OsMADS3 and OsMADS58 in Specifying Floral Patterning ~in Rice

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Molecular Plant 2013年第3期6卷 743-756页

作者： Dapeng Yun Wanqi Liang Ludovico Dreni Changsong Yin Zhigang Zhou martin M. Kater Dabing Zhang State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China College of Fisheries and Life Science Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China Department of Biosciences Universita degli Studi di Milano Via Celoria 26 20133 Milan Italy

Rice （Oryza sativa） has unique floral patterns that contribute to grain yield. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the specification of floral organ identities in rice, particularly the interaction among floral homeotic genes, remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the floral homeotic gene OsMADS16 （also called SUPERWOMAN1, SPWl, a B-class gene） acts together with the rice C-class genes OsMADS3 and OsMADS58 in specifying floral organ patterning. OsMADS16 and the two C-class genes have an overlapping expression pattern in the third whorl founder cells. Compared with the single mutants, both spwl-1 osmads3-4 and spwl-1 osmads58 double mutants exhibit additional whorls of glume-like organs within the flower, particularly an extra whorl of six glume-like structures formed at the position of the wild-type stamens. These ectopic glume-like structures were shown to have palea identity through cellular observation and in situ hybridization analysis using marker genes. Our results suggest that B- and C-class genes play a key role in suppressing indeterminate growth within the floral meristem, particularly whorl-3 primordia. We also hypothesize that, in contrast to previous assumptions, the specialized spikelet organ in rice, the palea, is the counterpart of the sepal in eudicots, and the lemma is homologous to the bract.

关键词： rice flower B and C genes genetic interaction stamen identity.

Molecular diversity of candidate genes for flowering time variation in Capsella bursa-pastoris

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Molecular diversity of candidate genes for flowering time va...