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Sustainable plasticulture in Chinese agriculture: a review of challenges and routes to achieving long-term food and ecosecurity

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 155-168页

作者： Samuel J.CUSWORTH William J.DAVIES martin R.MCAINSH Carly J.STEVENS Weilu WANG Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK The Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Plastic pollution is global concern, affecting most aspects of global food production systems. Plasticulture, a practice used in agriculture to improve crop quality and quantity, among other factors, is a significant source of plastic pollution. This review examines the extent of plasticulture in China, the implications of the practice across decades of use and the legislative instruments used to resolve those issues. It briefly assesses the effectiveness of these policies and proposes possible future innovations to promote increases in long-term food and eco-security, where sustainable plasticulture is a key agent for change. While plasticulture has increased agricultural productivity in growth-limiting conditions, plastic pollution in agricultural soils has become acute in China. Consequently, plastic pollution is having deleterious effects on soil health and in turn, crop productivity in China. Plastic pollution in agriculture is a multifaceted issue and so proposed solutions should be informed by this complexity. Current measures do not reflect a holistic approach to solving this socioecological challenge and adopt a top-down approach, with little or no supportive mechanisms. Future recommendations need to consider the particular set of conditions that influence the production, use and end-of-life management of agriplastics,specific to the environmental, economic and social conditions in each location.

关键词： Circular plastics economy crop production food security plastic pollution sustainable plasticulture

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Graphene binding on black phosphorus enables high on/off ratios and mobility

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 188-195页

作者： Fanrong Lin Zhonghan Cao Feiping Xiao Jiawei Liu Jiabin Qiao Minmin Xue Zhili Hu Ying Liu Huan Lu Zhuhua Zhang Jens martin Qingjun Tong Wanlin Guo Yanpeng Liu Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and Institute for Frontier Science Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Centre for Advanced 2D Materials National University of Singapore School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Centre for Quantum Physics Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and MeasurementSchool of PhysicsBeijing Institute of Technology Leibniz Institute für Kristallzüchtung

Graphene is one of the most promising candidates for integrated circuits due to its robustness against short-channel effects, inherent high carrier mobility and desired gapless nature for Ohmic contact, but it is difficult to achieve satisfactory on/off ratios even at the expense of its carrier mobility, limiting its device applications. Here, we present a strategy to realize high back-gate switching ratios in a graphene monolayer with well-maintained high mobility by forming a vertical heterostructure with a black phosphorus multi-layer. By local current annealing, strain is introduced within an established area of the graphene, which forms a reflective interface with the rest of the strain-free area and thus generates a robust off-state via local current depletion. Applying a positive back-gate voltage to the heterostructure can keep the black phosphorus insulating, while a negative back-gate voltage changes the black phosphorus to be conductive because of hole accumulation. Then, a parallel channel is activated within the strain-free graphene area by edge-contacted electrodes, thereby largely inheriting the intrinsic carrier mobility of graphene in the on-state. As a result, the device can provide an on/off voltage ratio of >10～3 as well as a mobility of ～8000 cm2V-1s-1at room temperature, meeting the low-power criterion suggested by the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems.

关键词： graphene on/off ratio mobility black phosphorus reflective interface

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Non-crossing Quantile Regression Neural Network as a Calibration Tool for Ensemble Weather Forecasts

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1417-1437页

作者： Mengmeng SONG Dazhi YANG Sebastian LERCH Xiang'ao XIA Gokhan Mert YAGLI Jamie M.BRIGHT Yanbo SHEN Bai LIU Xingli LIU martin Janos MAYER School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 3569118HeidelbergGermany Chair of Statistical Methods and Econometrics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Bluecherstr.1776185KarlsruheGermany Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore(SERIS) National University of Singapore(NUS)Singapore117574Singapore UK Power Networks LondonSE61NPUK China Meteorological Administration Beijing100081China Heilongjiang Meteorological Bureau Harbin150001China Department of Energy Engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp.3H-1111BudapestHungary

Despite the maturity of ensemble numerical weather prediction(NWP),the resulting forecasts are still,more often than not,*** such,forecast calibration tools have become *** those tools,quantile regression(QR)is highly competitive in terms of both flexibility and predictive ***,a long-standing problem of QR is quantile crossing,which greatly limits the interpretability of QR-calibrated *** this point,this study proposes a non-crossing quantile regression neural network(NCQRNN),for calibrating ensemble NWP forecasts into a set of reliable quantile forecasts without *** overarching design principle of NCQRNN is to add on top of the conventional QRNN structure another hidden layer,which imposes a non-decreasing mapping between the combined output from nodes of the last hidden layer to the nodes of the output layer,through a triangular weight matrix with positive *** empirical part of the work considers a solar irradiance case study,in which four years of ensemble irradiance forecasts at seven locations,issued by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,are calibrated via NCQRNN,as well as via an eclectic mix of benchmarking models,ranging from the naïve climatology to the state-of-the-art deep-learning and other non-crossing *** and stringent forecast verification suggests that the forecasts post-processed via NCQRNN attain the maximum sharpness subject to calibration,amongst all ***,the proposed conception to resolve quantile crossing is remarkably simple yet general,and thus has broad applicability as it can be integrated with many shallow-and deep-learning-based neural networks.

关键词： ensemble weather forecasting forecast calibration non-crossing quantile regression neural network CORP reliability diagram post-processing

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Vertical Displacement Measurement in a Slow-Moving Sinkhole Using BOTDA

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Photonic Sensors 2024年第1期14卷 23-39页

作者： Pascual SEVILLANO Javier PRECIADO-GARBAYO Jorge SEVIL Francisco GUTIERREZ Juan JmartinEZ Sonia martin-LOPEZ Miguel GONZALEZ-HERRAEZ Aragon Institute of Engineering Research(I3A) Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza 50018Spain Electronic Enginering and Communicaton Dpartment EINAUniversidad de ZaragzaZaragza 50018Spain Aragon Photonics Labs. Zaragoza 50009Spain Department of Earth Sciences Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza 50009Spain Department of Electronics Escuela Politecnica SuperiorUniversidad de AlcalaMadrid 28805Spain

The effectiveness of monitoring and early-warning systems for ground deformation phenomena,such as sinkholes,depends on their ability to accurately resolve the ongoing ground displacement and detect the subtle deformation preceding catastrophic *** sinkholes with a slow subsidence rate and diffuse edges pose a significant challenge for subsidence monitoring due to the low deformation rates and limited lateral strain *** this work,we satisfactorily illustrate the practicality of the Brillouin optical time domain analysis(BOTDA)to measure the spatial-temporal patterns of the vertical displacement in such challenging slow-moving sagging *** assess the performance of the approach,we compare the strain recorded by the distributed optical fiber sensor with the vertical displacement measured by high-precision *** results show a good spatial correlation with the ability to identify the maximum subsidence *** is also a good temporal correlation with the detection of an acceleration phase in the subsidence associated with a flood event.

关键词： Distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS) vertical displacement measurement slow subsidence rate sinkhole hazard early-warning system

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Remote sensing and its applications using GNSS reflected signals:advances and prospects

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Satellite Navigation 2024年第1期5卷 10-51页

作者： Shuanggen Jin Adriano Camps Yan Jia Feng Wang Manuel martin-Neira Feixiong Huang Qingyun Yan Shuangcheng Zhang Zhongyu Li Komi Edokossi Dongkai Yang Zhiyu Xiao Zhongmin Ma Weihua Bai Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200030China School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo454003China Department of Signal Theory and Communications Technical University of CataloniaBarcelona08034Spain Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing210023China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China European Space Research and Technology Centre(ESTEC) European Space Agency2200-AGNoordwijkThe Netherlands National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731China

The Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),including the US’s GPS,China’s BDS,the European Union’s Galileo,and Russia’s GLONASS,offer real-time,all-weather,any-time,anywhere and high precision observations by transmitting L band signals continuously,which have been widely used for positioning,navigation and *** the development of GNSS technology,it has been found that GNSS-reflected signals can be used to detect Earth’s surface characteristics together with other signals of *** this paper,the current status and latest advances are presented on Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry(GNSS-R)in theory,methods,techniques and *** developments and progresses in GNSS-R instruments,theoretical modeling,and signal processing,ground and space-/air-borne experiments,parameters retrieval(*** speed,sea surface height,soil moisture,ice thickness),sea surface altimetry and applications in the atmosphere,oceans,land,vegetation,and cryosphere are given and reviewed in ***,the challenges in the GNSS-R development of each field are also ***,the future applications and prospects of GNSS-R are discussed,including multi-GNSS reflectometry,new GNSS-R receivers,GNSS-R missions,and emerging applications,such as mesoscale ocean eddies,ocean phytoplankton blooms,microplastics detection,target recognition,river flow,desert studies,natural hazards and landslides monitoring.

关键词： GNSS Reflectometry Remote sensing Environmental change

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Universal silicon ring resonator for error-free transmission links

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Photonics Research 2024年第4期12卷 701-711页

作者： JUNBO ZHU WEIWEI ZHANG KE LI BHARAT PANT martin EBERT XINGZHAO YAN MEHDI BANAKAR DEHN T.TRAN CALLUM G.LITTLEJOHNS FUWAN GAN GRAHAM REED DAVID J.THOMSON Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Peng Cheng Laboratory ShenzhenChina

We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a universal silicon PN junction ring resonator for C band error-free communication links operated up to 50 Gb/s with co-designed optical modulation and detection performance. The universal p-n junction ring device shows co-designed detection responsivity up to 0.84 A/W, in conjunction with a modulation efficiency of -4 V·mm and>8 d B optical modulation extinction ratio, enabling C band 50 Gb/s NRZ communication link with a bit error rate≤3×10^(-12).

关键词： Gb/s resonator communication

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Ce掺杂浓度对Ce,Ca:Lu_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)陶瓷闪烁性能的影响

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硅酸盐学报 2024年第3期52卷 755-764页

作者：朱丹阳蔡金伶 BEITLEROVA Alena KUCERKOVA Romana CHEWPRADITKUL Weerapong NIKL martin 李江中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所上海201899 中国科学院大学北京100049 上海大学上海200072 捷克科学院物理研究所捷克布拉格16200 泰国国王科技大学泰国曼谷10140

以共沉淀纳米粉体为原料,制备不同Ce掺杂浓度的x%(摩尔分数)Ce,0.15%Ca:Lu_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)(Ce,Ca:LuAG,x=0.1~0.5)闪烁陶瓷。在分析了Ce,Ca:Lu AG陶瓷的相组成和微观结构的基础上,研究了其闪烁特性与Ce浓度的关系,包括X射线激发发射光... 详细信息

以共沉淀纳米粉体为原料,制备不同Ce掺杂浓度的x%(摩尔分数)Ce,0.15%Ca:Lu_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)(Ce,Ca:LuAG,x=0.1~0.5)闪烁陶瓷。在分析了Ce,Ca:Lu AG陶瓷的相组成和微观结构的基础上,研究了其闪烁特性与Ce浓度的关系,包括X射线激发发射光谱、光致发光衰减、闪烁衰减、光产额及快分量、余辉。当Ce浓度超过0.3%时,光致发光衰减的加速证实了浓度猝灭的发生。Ce,Ca:LuAG陶瓷的X射线激发发射强度和光产额在Ce浓度为0.3%时达到最大值。随着Ce浓度的增加,陶瓷的余辉水平逐渐降低。最后讨论了Ce,Ca:LuAG闪烁陶瓷的制备和性能优化的策略。

关键词：铈钙镥铝石榴石陶瓷闪烁性能共沉淀法

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“机械灌注+”应用于扩大标准供肝移植--肝尽其用

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Engineering 2024年第1期32卷 29-40页

作者： Zhoucheng Wang Jack martin Jiongjie Yu Kai Wang Kourosh Saeb-Parsy Xiao Xu Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058China Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310006China Department of Surgery Cambridge University Hospitals&NHS Foundation TrustCambridge CB22QQ UK Department of Surgery University of Cambridge&NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridge CB22QQUK Institute of Organ Transplantation Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003China

Transplantation represents the most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases but is limited by the shortage of healthy donor *** criteria donor(ECD)liver grafts are increasingly utilized in clinical practice to mitigate this ***,impaired ischemic tolerance of these grafts jeopardizes organ viability during cold *** perfusion(MP)was designed to improve organ preservation and reduce posttransplant ***,it is increasingly evident that MP alone may not preserve ECD grafts *** emphasis has thus been placed on modified MP strategies,including the use of different perfusates,modified perfusion modalities,and different therapeutic ***,we introduce a novel term,"MP Plus,"denoting these additional strategies that are designed to restore organ function and potentially enable regeneration of ECD *** this review,we summarize the existing and potential modified MP strategies and discuss their advantages in reconditioning different ECD grafts in clinical settings.

关键词： Liver transplantation Extended criteria donor Machine perfusion plus Organ shortage

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Interest of thoracic ultrasound after cardiac surgery or interventional cardiology

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第3期16卷 118-125页

作者： martin Boussuges Philippe Blanc Fabienne Bregeon Alain Boussuges Service de Pneumologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud ReunionSaint Pierre 97410Ile de la ReunionFrance Department of Cardiac and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Ste Clotilde&YlangYlang Rehabilitation CenterSainte Clotilde 97491Ile de la ReunionFrance Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires Centre Hospitalier Universitaire NordAssistance Publique des Hôpitaux de MarseilleMarseille 13015France Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée Infection Aix Marseille UniversitéMarseille 13005France Center for Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Aix Marseille UniversitéInstitut National de la Santéet de la Recherche MédicaleInstitut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculturel’Alimentation et l’EnvironnementMarseille 13005France

Thoracic ultrasound has attracted much interest in detecting pleural effusion or pulmonary consolidation after cardiac *** 2016,Trovato reported,in the World Journal of Cardiology,the interest of using,in addition to echocardiography,thoracic *** this editorial,we highlight the value of assessing diaphragm function after cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology *** factors are able to impair diaphragm function after such *** motion may be decreased by chest pain secondary to sternotomy,pleural effusion or impaired muscle *** paralysis may be secondary to phrenic nerve damage complicating cardiac surgery or atrial fibrillation *** may be ***,respi-ratory troubles induced by diaphragm dysfunction are frequently attributed to pre-existing heart disease or pulmonary complications secondary to *** addition,elevated hemidiaphragm secondary to diaphragm dysfunction is sometimes not observed on chest X-ray performed in supine position in the intensive care *** of diaphragm function by ultrasound during the recovery period appears *** hemidiaphragms can be studied by two complementary ultrasound *** mobility of each hemidiaphragms is measured by M-mode *** addition,recording the percentage of inspiratory thickening provides important information about the quality of muscle *** two approaches make it possible to detect hemidiaphragm paralysis or *** a diagnosis is important because persistent diaphragm dysfunction after cardiac surgery has been shown to be associated with adverse respiratory *** respiratory physio-therapy is able to improve respiratory function through strengthening of the inspiratory muscles *** and accessory inspiratory muscles.

关键词： Ultrasonography Diaphragm Phrenic nerve Hemidiaphragm Thickening fraction Physiotherapy

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Enhancing Patients Outcomes and Infection Control through Smart Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Systems

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第6期12卷 25-37页

作者： Othniel Ojochonu Abalaka Joe Essien Calistus Chimezie martin Ogharandukun Department of Computer Science Veritas University Abuja Nigeria Department of Pure and Applied Physics Veritas University Abuja Nigeria

Air pollution poses a critical threat to public health and environmental sustainability globally, and Nigeria is no exception. Despite significant economic growth and urban development, Nigeria faces substantial air quality challenges, particularly in urban centers. While outdoor air pollution has received considerable attention, the issue of indoor air quality remains underexplored yet equally critical. This study aims to develop a reliable, cost-effective, and user-friendly solution for continuous monitoring and reporting of indoor air quality, accessible from anywhere via a web interface. Addressing the urgent need for effective indoor air quality monitoring in urban hospitals, the research focuses on designing and implementing a smart indoor air quality monitoring system using Arduino technology. Employing an Arduino Uno, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, and MQ135 gas sensor, the system collects real-time air quality data, transmits it to the ThingSpeak cloud platform, and visualizes it through a user-friendly web interface. This project offers a cost-effective, portable, and reliable solution for monitoring indoor air quality, aiming to mitigate health risks and promote a healthier living environment.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Air Pollution Infection Control Data Transmission Data Acquisition Sensors

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