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Flattening the biological age curve by improving metabolic health:to taurine or not to taurine,that’s the question

Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2023年第11期20卷 813-823页

作者： Kwok m.Ho Anna Lee William Wu matthew T.V.Chan Lowell Ling Jeffrey Lipman Jason Roberts Edward Litton Gavin m.Joynt martin Wong Department of Intensive Care medicine Fiona Stanley HospitalPerthAustralia medical School The University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia School of Veterinary&Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityPerthAustralia Department of Anaesthesia&Intensive Care Prince of Wales HospitalChinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Jamieson Trauma Institute Royal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain medicine Nîmes University HospitalUniversity of MontpellierNîmesFrance University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Herston Infectious Diseases Institute(HeIDI) Metro North HealthBrisbaneAustralia Departments of Pharmacy and Intensive Care medicine Royal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalBrisbaneAustralia JC School of Public Health and Primary Care Centre for Health Education and Health PromotionChinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Public Health Peking UniversityBeijingChina School of Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

The aging population is an important issue around the world especially in developed countries.Although med-ical advances have substantially extended life span,the same cannot be said for the duration of health span.We are seeing in-creasing numbers of elderly people who are frail and/or have multiple chronic conditions;all of these can affect the quality of life of the elderly population as well as increase the burden on the healthcare system.Aging is mechanistically related to common medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus,ischemic heart disease,cognitive decline,and frailty.A recently accepted concept termed‘Accelerated Biological Aging’can be diagnosed when a person’s biological age—as measured by biomarkers of DNA methylation—is older than their corresponding chronological age.Taurine,a conditionally essential amino acid,has received much attention in the past few years.A substantial number of animal studies have provided a strong scientific foundation sug-gesting that this amino acid can improve cellular and metabolic health,including blood glucose control,so much that it has been labelled one of the‘longevity amino acids’.In this review article,we propose the rationale that an adequately powered random-ized-controlled-trial(RCT)is needed to confirm whether taurine can meaningfully improve metabolic and microbiome health,and biological age.This trial should incorporate certain elements in order to provide the much-needed evidence to guide doctors,and also the community at large,to determine whether this promising and inexpensive amino acid is useful in improving human metabolic health.

关键词： rational meaningful Taurine

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Efficient antibody evasion but reduced ACE2 binding by the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.640.2

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2022年第9期19卷 1067-1069页

作者： Prerna Arora Amy Kempf Inga Nehlmeier Luise Graichen Sebastian Schulz Anne Cossmann Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka martin S.Winkler Hans-martin Jäck Georg m.N.Behrens Stefan Pöhlmann markus Hoffmann Infection Biology Unit German Primate CenterKellnerweg 437077GöttingenGermany Faculty of Biology and Psychology Georg-August-University GöttingenWilhelmsplatz 137073GöttingenGermany Division of molecular Immunology Department of Internal Medicine 3Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergGlückstraße 691054ErlangenGermany Department for Rheumatology and Immunology Hannover Medical SchoolCarl-Neuberg-Straße 130625HannoverGermany German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Hannover-BraunschweigHannoverGermany Centre for Individualised Infection medicine(Ciim) HannoverGermany Department of Anesthesiology University of Göttingen Medical CenterGöttingenGeorg-August University of GöttingenRobert-Koch-Straße 4037075GöttingenGermany

The SARS-CoV-2 spike(S)protein engages ACE2 for cell entry,and the S protein/ACE2 interface is an important target for neutralizing antibodies.In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic,SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged that harbor mutations in the S protein,which confer neutralization resistance and allow viral spread in immunologically nonnaive populations.The most prominent example is the highly mutated Omicron variant,which infects convalescent or vaccinated individuals with unprecedented efficiency[1,2].

关键词： ACE2 harbor neutral

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The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator

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matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 15-24页

作者： Constantin Aniculaesei Thanh Ha Samuel Yoffe Lance Labun Stephen milton Edward mcCary michael m.Spinks Hernan J.Quevedo Ou Z.Labun Ritwik Sain Andrea Hannasch Rafal Zgadzaj Isabella Pagano Jose A.Franco-Altamirano martin L.Ringuette Erhart Gaul Scott V.Luedtke Ganesh Tiwari Bernhard Ersfeld Enrico Brunetti Hartmut Ruhl Todd Ditmire Sandra Bruce michael E.Donovan michael C.Downer Dino A.Jaroszynski Bjorn manuel Hegelich University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712USA SUPA Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowScotland G4 ONGUnited Kingdom Tau Systems Inc.AustinTexas 78701USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973USA Ludwig-maximilians-Universität MunichGermany

An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma waves.Under appropriate conditions,electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic velocities.This scheme is called a laser wakefield accelerator.In this work,we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the wakefields as well as nanoparticles to assist the injection of electrons into the accelerating phase of the wakefields.We find that a 10-cm-long,nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pC,10±1.86 GeV electron bunches with a 3.4 GeV rms convolved energy spread and a 0.9 mrad rms divergence.It can also produce bunches with lower energies in the 4–6 GeV range.

关键词： acceleration nanoparticle charge

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EEG/ERP evidence of possible hyperexcitability in older adults with elevated beta-amyloid

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 835-844页

作者： Hannes Devos Kathleen Gustafson Ke Liao Pedram Ahmadnezhad Bradley Estes Laura E.martin Jonathan D.mahnken William m.Brooks Jeffrey m.Burns Department of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Scienceand Athletic TrainingUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Population Health University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Biostatistics and Data Science University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA.

Background: Although growing evidence links beta-amyloid (Aβ) and neuronal hyperexcitability in preclinical mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a similar association in humans is yet to be established. The first aim of the study was to determine the association between elevated Aβ (Aβ+) and cognitive processes measured by the P3 event-related potential (ERP) in cognitively normal (CN) older adults. The second aim was to compare the event- related power between CNAβ+ and CNAβ−. methods: Seventeen CNAβ+ participants (age: 73 ± 5, 11 females, montreal Cognitive Assessment [moCA] score 26 ± 2) and 17 CNAβ- participants group-matched for age, sex, and mOCA completed a working memory task (n-back with n = 0, 1, 2) test while wearing a 256-channel electro-encephalography net. P3 peak amplitude and latency of the target, nontarget and task difference effect (nontarget−target), and event-related power in the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands, extracted from Fz, Cz, and Pz, were compared between groups using linear mixed models. P3 ampli-tude of the task difference effect at Fz and event-related power in the delta band were considered main outcomes. Correlations of mean Aβ standard uptake value ratios (SUVR) using positron emission tomography with P3 amplitude and latency of the task difference effect were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient r. Results: The P3 peak amplitude of the task difference effect at Fz was lower in the CNAβ+ group (P = 0.048). Simi-larly, power was lower in the delta band for nontargets at Fz in the CNAβ+ participants (P = 0.04). The CNAβ+ partici-pants also demonstrated higher theta and alpha power in channels at Cz and Pz, but no changes in P3 ERP. Strong correlations were found between the mean Aβ SUVR and the latency of the 1-back (r = − 0.69;P = 0.003) and 2-back (r = − 0.69;P = 0.004) of the task difference effect at channel Fz in the CNAβ+ group. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the elevated amyloid in cognitively normal older adults is associated with neuronal hyperexci

关键词： Event-related potentials Electro-encephalography Working memory Older adults Preclinical Beta-amyloid

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Reproductive biology of Gazella arabica: Predictors of offspring weight and short- and long-term offspring survival

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Current Zoology 2023年第6期69卷 643-653页

作者： Ryan A.martin Rudiger Riesch martin Plath Naif A.Al Hanoosh Torsten Wronski Department of Biology DeGrace HallCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA Department of Biological Sciences Centre for EcologyEvolution and BehaviourRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamSurreyUK CEFE CNRSUniv MontpellierEPHEIRDMontpellierFrance College of Nursing of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao PauloAvenida Bandeirantes 390014040-902Brazil National Center for Wildlife King Khalid Wildlife Research CenterThumamahKingdom of Saudi Arabia Faculty of Science School of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK

Reproductive traits are central to organismal fitness,and so the factors influencing patterns of reproduction and offspring survival are at the heart of biology.making use of breeding data collected over 16 years at the King Khalid Wildlife Research Centre in Saudi Arabia,we investigated the reproductive biology of Arabian gazelles Gazella arabica.Offspring survival was mainly a function of birth weight,with heavier offspring having higher survival rates than lighter offspring.However,while sons were heavier than daughters,daughters had higher survival rates.We could not find evidence that giving birth to sons negatively impacts offspring weight in the following year.We uncovered large narrow-sense heritability(h2)in offspring weight at birth,while maternal effects(m2)on birth weight were of lesser importance.However,maternal effects on offspring survival were strong until weaning age,while paternal effects dominated survival to sexual maturity and first reproduction.We propose that variation in maternal postnatal care might overshadow the effects of maternal inheritance of birth weights,while the overall strong heritability of weight at birth and the paternal effects on survival llustrates strong variance in sire fitness based on genetic quality,suggesting a role for sexual selectionbyfemalemate choiceinwildpopulations.

关键词： Arabian gazelles heritability life-history evolution offspring mortality sex differences ungulates

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Engineering of immunoinstructive extracellular matrices for enhanced osteoinductivity

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Bioactive materials 2023年第6期24卷 174-184页

作者： Andrés García-García Sébastien Pigeot Ivan martin Department of Biomedicine University Hospital BaselUniversity of Basel4031BaselSwitzerland Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Basel4123AllschwillSwitzerland

The increasing recognition of the contribution of the immune system to activate and prime regeneration implies that tissue engineering strategies and biomaterials design should target regulation of early immunological processes.We previously proposed the cell-based engineering and devitalization of extracellular matrices(ECms)as a strategy to generate implant materials delivering custom-defined signals.Here,in the context of bone regeneration,we aimed at enhancing the osteoinductivity of such ECms by enriching their immunomodulatory factors repertoire.Priming with IL1βa cell line overexpressing BmP-2 enabled engineering of ECms preserving osteoinductive signals and containing larger amounts of angiogenic(VEGF)and pro-inflammatory molecules(IL6,IL8 and mCP1).Upon implantation,these IL1β-induced materials enhanced processes typical of the inflammatory phase(e.g.,vascular invasion,osteoclast recruitment and differentiation),leading to‘regenerative’events(e.g.,m2 macrophage polarization)and ultimately resulting in faster and more efficient bone formation.These results bear relevance towards the manufacturing of potent off-the-shelf osteoinductive materials and outline the broader paradigm of engineering immunoinstructive implants to enhance tissue regeneration.

关键词： Immunomodulation Bone tissue engineering Inflammation Hypertrophic cartilage matrices Osteoinduction

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magnetic labeling of primary murine monocytes using very small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2311-2315页

作者： martin Pohland Christoph Pohland Jürgen Kiwit Jana Glumm Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology Center for AnatomyCharité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Department of Neurosurgery Helios Klinikum Berlin BuchBerlinGermany

Due to their very small size,nanoparticles can interact with all cells in the central nervous system.One of the most promising nanoparticle subgroups are very small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(VSOP)that are citrate coated for electrostatic stabilization.To determine their influence on murine blood-derived monocytes,which easily enter the injured central nervous system,we applied VSOP and carboxydextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(Resovist).We assessed their impact on the viability,cytokine,and chemokine secretion,as well as iron uptake of murine blood-derived monocytes.We found that(1)the monocytes accumulated VSOP and Resovist,(2)this uptake seemed to be nanoparticle-and time-dependent,(3)the decrease of monocytes viability was treatment-related,(4)VSOP and Resovist incubation did not alter cytokine homeostasis,and(5)overall a 6-hour treatment with 0.75 mm VSOP-R1 was probably sufficient to effectively label monocytes for future experiments.Since homeostasis is not altered,it is safe to label blood-derived monocles with VSOP.VSOP labeled monocytes can be used to study injured central nervous system sites further,for example with drug-carrying VSOP.

关键词： CD11b,cytokine Ferucarbotran mac1 mPS mRI Resovist superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(SPIO) very small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(VSOP) viability

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A regionalized IO-model to value seasonal recreational ecosystem services in a mountain National Park in Spain

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Journal of mountain Science 2022年第1期19卷 211-227页

作者： Víctor martin BARROSO mónica de CASTRO-PARDO Pascual FERNÁNDEZ mARTÍNEZ João C.AZEVEDO Department of Applied Economics I and history and economic institutions Faculty of Law and Social SciencesUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosCampus of VicálvaroTulipanMóstoles 28933Spain Department of Financial and Actuarial Economics and Statistics-Statistics and Operational Research Complutense University of MadridCampus of SomosaguasPozuelo de Alarcon 28223Spain Centro de Investigação de montanha Instituto Politécnico de BragançaCampus de Santa ApolóniaBragança 5300-253Portugal

Recreational Ecosystem Services(RES)are among the most frequently evaluated ecosystem services.RES are seen as a major opportunity for sustainable development in areas of high ecological value resulting from the presence of emblematic species,habitats or scenery,often integrated in conservation areas,in particular in mountain areas affected by depopulation,rising environmental risks and poverty.Economically,the assessment of RES has been based on Contingent Valuation and Choice Experiments,methods with limitations related to their subjectivity.Alternatively,Input-Output(IO)models provide a very accurate and effective way of valuation of RES with regional information regarding interindustry transactions.Whilst data on nature tourist expenditure may be only available annually,tourism inflows have a strong seasonal behavior,which impacts the profitability of several local economic activities.In this paper,we firstly constructed a novel regionalized IO-model based on Cross-Industry Location Quotients using employment data and,secondly,based on monte Carlo simulation,we estimated nature tourist expenditure monthly using data on nature tourism inflows.This method allowed for a more precise RES evaluation,estimating direct,indirect and induced monthly economic impacts of nature-based tourism.The method was applied to the Ordesa and monte Perdido(OmP)National Park in the Spanish Pyrenees.To estimate the average tourist expenditure,we collected and analyzed spending on commerce,hospitality and restaurants,leisure,and transport of 385 visitors.Results suggest that using a regionalized IO model leads to a considerable reduction of over-estimation of the economic impact of tourist expenditure estimated by conventional methods.Taking into consideration the direct,indirect and induced effects of tourist expenditure in 2016-2018,the total annual output effect in the OmP National Park amounted to€208.8 million,while the total income effect amounted to€86.29 million.Also,a total of 2,429 jobs were created which indicates that for

关键词： Input-Output monte Carlo Simulation Location quotients Recreational Ecosystem Services Nature tourism Sustainable mountain development

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mechanistically Novel Frontal-Inspired In Situ Photopolymerization:An Efficient Electrode|Electrolyte Interface Engineering method for High Energy Lithium metal Polymer Batteries

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Energy & Environmental materials 2023年第6期6卷 273-282页

作者： Ishamol Shaji Diddo Diddens martin Winter Jijeesh Ravi Nair Helmholtz-Institute münster(HI mS) IEK-12Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHCorrensstr.4648149Münster Germany mEET Battery Research Center Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstr.46Münster 48149Germany

The solvent-free in situ polymerization technique has the potential to tailor-make conformal interfaces that are essential for developing durable and safe lithium metal polymer batteries(LmPBs).Hence,much attention has been given to the eco-friendly and rapid ultraviolet(UV)-induced in situ photopolymerization process to prepare solid-state polymer electrolytes.In this respect,an innovative method is proposed here to overcome the challenges of UV-induced photopolymerization(UV-curing)in the zones where UV-light cannot penetrate,especially in LmPBs where thick electrodes are used.The proposed frontal-inspired photopolymerization(FIPP)process is a diverged frontal-based technique that uses two classes(dual)of initiators to improve the slow reaction kinetics of allyl-based monomers/oligomers by at least 50%compared with the conventional UV-curing process.The possible reaction mechanism occurring in FIPP is demonstrated using density functional theory calculations and spectroscopic investigations.Indeed,the initiation mechanism identified for the FIPP relies on a photochemical pathway rather than an exothermic propagating front forms during the UV-irradiation step as the case with the classical frontal photopolymerization technique.Besides,the FIPP-based in situ cell fabrication using dual initiators is advantageous over both the sandwich cell assembly and conventional in situ photopolymerization in overcoming the limitations of mass transport and active material utilization in high energy and high power LmPBs that use thick electrodes.Furthermore,the LmPB cells fabricated using the in situ-FIPP process with high mass loading LiFePO_(4)electrodes(5.2 mg cm^(-2))demonstrate higher rate capability,and a 50%increase in specific capacity against a sandwich cell encouraging the use of this innovative process in large-scale solid-state battery production.

关键词： cathodelelectrolyte interface frontal-inspired photopolymerization in situ polymerization lithium metal polymer battery solid polymer electrolyte

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Experimental nerve transfer model in the neonatal rat

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第5期17卷 1088-1095页

作者： matthias E.Sporer martin Aman Konstantin D.Bergmeister Dieter Depisch Katharina m.Scheuba Ewald Unger Bruno K.Podesser Oskar C.Aszmann Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Restoration of Extremity Function Department of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria Clinical Laboratory for Bionic Extremity Reconstruction Department of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria Division of Biomedical Research Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Aesthetic and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity Hospital of St.PoeltenKarl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesSt.PoeltenAustria Center for medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria

Clinically,peripheral nerve reconstructions in neonates are most frequently applied in brachial plexus birth injuries.most surgical concepts,however,have investigated nerve reconstructions in adult animal models.The immature neuromuscular system reacts differently to the effects of nerve lesion and surgery and is poorly investigated due to the lack of reliable experimental models.Here,we describe an experimental forelimb model in the neonatal rat,to study these effects on both the peripheral and central nervous systems.Within 24 hours after birth,three groups were prepared:In the nerve transfer group,a lesion of the musculocutaneous nerve was reconstructed by selectively transferring the ulnar nerve.In the negative control group,the musculocutaneous nerve was divided and not reconstructed and in the positive control group,a sham surgery was performed.The animal's ability to adapt to nerve lesions and progressive improvement over time were depict by the Bertelli test,which observes the development of grooming.Twelve weeks postoperatively,animals were fully matured and the nerve transfer successfully reinnervated their target muscles,which was indicated by muscle force,muscle weight,and cross sectional area evaluation.On the contrary,no spontaneous regeneration was found in the negative control group.In the positive control group,reference values were established.Retrograde labeling indicated that the motoneuron pool of the ulnar nerve was reduced following nerve transfer.Due to this post-axotomy motoneuron death,a diminished amount of motoneurons reinnervated the biceps muscle in the nerve transfer group,when compared to the native motoneuron pool of the musculocutaneous nerve.These findings indicate that the immature neuromuscular system behaves profoundly different than similar lesions in adult rats and explains reduced muscle force.Ultimately,pathophysiologic adaptations are inevitable.The maturing neuromuscular system,however,utilizes neonatal capacity of regeneration and seizes a variety of compensation mecha

关键词： brachial plexus birth injury experimental rat model extremity reconstruction methodological paper neonatal rat nerve reconstruction nerve regeneration nerve transfer neural plasticity peripheral nerve surgery

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