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《底层表达》介绍

当代语言学 2014年第4期16卷 494-497页

作者： martin krmer 于辉南开大学汉语言文化学院

《底层表达》（Underlying Representations）是“音系学中的核心论题”系列丛书之一，2012年由剑桥大学出版社出版发行。该书作者martinkraimer是挪威特罗姆瑟大学语言学系教授。作者带着大家一起回顾了过去近一百年“底层表达”在音... 详细信息

《底层表达》（Underlying Representations）是“音系学中的核心论题”系列丛书之一，2012年由剑桥大学出版社出版发行。该书作者martinkraimer是挪威特罗姆瑟大学语言学系教授。作者带着大家一起回顾了过去近一百年“底层表达”在音系学领域的发展，对很多长期存在的音系问题做了思考，并对OT视角的底层表达提出了一些独特的修订意见。

关键词：剑桥大学出版社音系学系列丛书出版发行修订意见语言学作者论题

Analysis of the Surface Passivation Mechanisms of p-Doped Crystalline Silicon by Two Different Al₂O₃ Coatings via Transient Photo-Conductance Measurements

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2016年第2期4卷 32-39页

作者： David Klein Wiebke Ohm martin krü ger Marinus Kunst Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fü r Materialien und Energie Institute Solar Fuels (E-IF) Berlin Germany Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fü r Materialien und Energie Institut f&uuml r Heterogene Materialsysteme (E-IH) Berlin Germany

In this paper, contactless transient photo-conductance measurements are applied to p-doped mono-crystalline Silicon (p-Si) coated by two different kinds of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layers in order to study alternative routes to the standard atomic layer deposition (ALD). The aluminum oxides layers were deposited by either spin coating or ion layer gas reaction (ILGAR?). For both coatings an increase of the charge carrier life time is observed indicating a passivation of the p-Si surface. This study shows alternative deposition methods and the potential of transient photocon- ductance measurements for the elucidation of the origin of the passivation. We show that the passivation induced by coating deposited via ILGAR is at least partially due to charge carrier trapping and storage at the interface. It was also surprisingly found that for those coatings, annealing at 425℃ leads to a decrease of the life time. This points to temperature instability for both coatings.

关键词： Photo-Conductance Passivation Aluminum Oxide Silicon

Ion emission from warm dense matter produced by irradiation with a soft x-ray free-electron laser

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 71-84页

作者： Josef krása Tomás Burian Vera Hájková Jaromír Chalupský Šimon Jelínek Katerina Frantálová Michal krupka Zuzana Kuglerová Sushil Kumar Singh Vojtech Vozda Ludek Vysín MichalŠmíd Pablo Perez-martin Marion Kühlman Juan Pintor Jakub Cikhardt Matthias Dreimann Dennis Eckermann Felix Rosenthal Sam M.Vinko Alessandro Forte Thomas Gawne Thomas Campbell Shenyuan Ren YuanFeng Shi Trevor Hutchinson Oliver Humphries Thomas Preston Mikako Makita Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Xiayun Pan Alexander Köhler Marion Harmand Sven Toleikis Katerina Falk Libor Juha Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesNa Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Laser Plasma Department Institute of Plasma PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesZa Slovankou 318200 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of Surface and Plasma Science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of Physical Electronics Faculty of Nuclear Science and Engineering PhysicsCzech Technical University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 40001328 DresdenGermany DESY Photon Science Notkestraße 85D-22607 HamburgGermany Institut de Minéralogie de Physique des Matériaux et de CosmochimieUMR 7590–UPMC/CNRS/IRD/MNHNSorbonne Université4 place Jussieu75005 ParisFrance Department of Physics Faculty of Electrical EngineeringCzech Technical University in PragueTechnická216627 Prague 6Czech Republic Center for Soft Nanoscience University of MünsterBusso-Peus-Straße 10D-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PUUnited Kingdom Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUnited Kingdom Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East AvenueLivermoreCalifornia 94550USA European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 4D-22869 SchenefeldGermany Technische Universität Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We report on an experiment performed at the FLASH2 free-electron laser(FEL)aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric *** the experiment,we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution *** find that most emitted ions are thermal,but that some impurities chemisorbed on the target surface,such as protons,are accelerated by the electrostatic field created in the plasma by escaped *** morphology of the complex crater structure indicates the presence of several ion groups with varying *** find that the ion sound velocity is controlled by the ion temperature and show how the ion yield depends on the FEL radiation attenuation length in different materials.

关键词： electrostatic emitted chemi

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt vs conservative treatment for recurrent ascites:A propensity score matched comparison

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第41期28卷 5944-5956页

作者： martin Philipp Theresia Blattmann Jörn Bienert kristian Fischer Luisa Hausberg Jens-Christian kröger Thomas Heller Marc-AndréWeber Georg Lamprecht Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and EndocrinologyRostock University Medical CenterRostock 18057Germany Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Pediatric Radiology and NeuroradiologyRostock University Medical CentreRostock 18057Germany

BACKGROUND Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) placement is an effective intervention for recurrent tense ascites. Some studies show an increased risk of acute on chronic liver failure(ACLF) associated with TIPS placement. It is not clear whether ACLF in this context is a consequence of TIPS or of the pre-existing liver *** To better understand the risks of TIPS in this challenging setting and to compare them with those of conservative *** Two hundred and fourteen patients undergoing their first TIPS placement for recurrent tense ascites at our tertiary-care center between 2007 and 2017 were identified(TIPS group). Three hundred and ninety-eight patients of the same time interval with liver cirrhosis and recurrent tense ascites not undergoing TIPS placement(No TIPS group) were analyzed as a control group. TIPS indication,diagnosis of recurrent ascites, further diagnoses and clinical findings were obtained from a database search and patient records. The in-hospital mortality and ACLF incidence of both groups were compared using 1:1 propensity score matching and multivariate logistic *** After propensity score matching, the TIPS and No TIPS groups were comparable in terms of laboratory values and ACLF incidence at hospital admission. There was no detectable difference in mortality(TIPS: 11/214, No TIPS 13/214). During the hospital stay, ACLF occurred more frequently in the TIPS group than in the No TIPS group(TIPS: 70/214, No TIPS: 57/214, P = 0.04). This effect was confined to patients with severely impaired liver function at hospital admission as indicated by a significant interaction term of Child score and TIPS placement in multivariate logistic regression. The TIPS group had a lower ACLF incidence at Child scores < 8 points and a higher ACLF incidence at ≥ 11 points. No significant difference was found between groups in patients with Child scores of 8 to 10 *** TIPS placement for recurrent tense as

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Ascites Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Acute on chronic liver failure Mortality Propensity score

Mitigation of atrazine,S-metolachlor,and diazinon using common emergent aquatic vegetation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第6期29卷 114-121页

作者： Matthew T.Moore martin A.Locke Robert krǒger Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit USDA Agricultural Research ServiceNational Sedimentation LaboratoryOxfordMS 38655USA

By the year 2050, the population of the United States is expected to reach over 418 million, while the global population will reach 9.6 billion. To provide safe food and fiber, agriculture must balance pesticide usage against impacts on natural resources. Challenges arise when storms cause runoff to be transported to aquatic receiving systems. Vegetated systems such as drainage ditches and constructed wetlands have been proposed as management practices to alleviate pesticide runoff. Twelve experimental mesocosms （1.3 ±0.71 ± 0.61 m） were filled with sediment and planted with a monoculture of one of three wetland plant species （Typha latifolia, Leersia oryzoides, and Sparganium arnericanurn）. Three mesocosms remained unvegetated to serve as controls. All mesocosms were amended with 9.2 ± 0.8 μg/L, 12 ± 0.4 μg/L, and 3.1 ± 0.2 μg/L of atrazine, metolachlor, and diazinon, respectively, over a 4 hr hydraulic retention time to simulate storm runoff. Following the 4 hr amendment, non-amended water was flushed through mesocosms for an additional 4 hr. Outflow water samples were taken hourly from pre-amendment through 8 hr, and again at 12, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hr post-amendment. L. oryzoides and T. latifolia had mean atrazine, metolachlor, and diazinon retentions from B1%-55% for the first 4 hr of the experiment. Aside from S. arnericanum and atrazine （25% retention）, unvegetated controls had the lowest pesticide retention （17%-28%） of all compared mesocosms. While native aquatic vegetation shows promise for mitigation of pesticide runoff, further studies increasing the hydraulic retention time for improved efficiency should be examined.

关键词： Phytoremediation Pesticide Mesocosm Wetland

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计算机模拟与实验:校内校外教学比较研究

中国校外教育 2024年第2期 104-128页

作者：约翰娜·克鲁格蒂姆·霍夫勒马丁·沃尔凯特琳·尼克梅耶伊尔卡·帕奇曼华静(译) 朱子健(译) 陈香(译) 房传修(译) Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel 华东理工大学外语学院上海理工大学外语学院

在现代科学教育中,交互式计算机模拟与实操性实验是两种重要的教学方法。已有研究未能充分阐释这两种方法的优劣,也未能对二者进行充分的比较。本文将二者作为科学教育的学习工具,在不同的学习地点(研究Ⅰ:学校;研究Ⅱ:科学中心的学生... 详细信息

在现代科学教育中,交互式计算机模拟与实操性实验是两种重要的教学方法。已有研究未能充分阐释这两种方法的优劣,也未能对二者进行充分的比较。本文将二者作为科学教育的学习工具,在不同的学习地点(研究Ⅰ:学校;研究Ⅱ:科学中心的学生实验室)的学生间,从学科知识成绩、情境兴趣发展和认知负荷方面进行了比较研究。研究结果显示,无论学习地点在哪,使用计算机模拟的学生比进行实操性实验的学生认知负荷更高,但学习成功率也要高。与计算机模拟(特别是当认知和价值相关时)相比,实操性实验更能促进情境兴趣。研究认为讲授复杂的话题运用计算机模拟可能更为适合。但其他相关研究发现表明,使用一种教学方法可以弥补另一种教学方法的缺陷。综合以上研究得出,最有效的方式是将这两种方法结合起来,这有助于在校内外学习环境中成功地进行现代科学教育。

关键词：科学教育实操性实验计算机模拟学习兴趣

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A novel multi-shot target platform for laser-driven laboratory astrophysics experiments

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第2期11卷 11-19页

作者： Pablo Perez-martin Irene Prencipe Manfred Sobiella Fabian Donat Ning Kang Zhiyu He Huiya Liu Lei Ren Zhiyong Xie Jun Xiong Yan Zhang Florian-Emanuel Brack MichalČervenák Pavel Gajdoš Lenka Hronová Kakolee Kaniz Michaela Kozlová Florian kroll Xiayun Pan Gabriel Schaumann Sushil Singh MichalŠmíd Francisco Suzuki-Vidal Panzheng Zhang Jinren Sun Jianqiang Zhu Miroslav krůs Katerina Falk Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Radiation PhysicsDresdenGermany Technische Universität Dresden DresdenGermany Key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma China Academy of Engineering PhysicsShanghaiChina Institute of Plasma Physics Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic Czech Technical University Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical EngineeringPragueCzech Republic Department of Physics Jagannath UniversityDhakaBangladesh ELI-Beamlines Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic Institute for Nuclear Physics Technical University of DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany Institute of Physics Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic Blackett Laboratory Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom First Light Fusion Oxford Industrial ParkYarntonOxfordUnited Kingdom

A new approach to target development for laboratory astrophysics experiments at high-power laser facilities is *** the dawn of high-power lasers,laboratory astrophysics has emerged as a field,bringing insight into physical processes in astrophysical objects,such as the formation of *** important factor for success in these experiments is *** date,targets have mainly relied on expensive and challenging microfabrication *** design presented incorporates replaceable machined parts that assemble into a structure that defines the experimental *** can make targets cheaper and faster to manufacture,while maintaining robustness and *** platform is intended for experiments on plasma flows,but it is flexible and may be adapted to the constraints of other experimental *** of targets used in experimental campaigns are shown,including a design for insertion in a high magnetic field *** results are included,demonstrating the performance of the targets.

关键词： high magnetic fields laboratory astrophysics laser-plasma interaction magnetized plasmas target design

Linking molecular deadwood-inhabiting fungal diversity and community dynamics to ecosystem functions and processes in Central European forests

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Fungal Diversity 2016年第2期77卷 367-379页

作者： Björn Hoppe Witoon Purahong Tesfaye Wubet Tiemo Kahl Jürgen Bauhus Tobias Arnstadt martin Hofrichter François Buscot Dirk krüger Department of Soil Ecology UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchTheodor-Lieser-Str.4D-06120 Halle(Saale)Germany Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Chair of SilvicultureUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacherstr.4D-79085 Freiburg i.Brsg.Germany Technical University of Munich Chair for Soil ScienceIngolstädter Landstr.1D-85758 OberschleissheimGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv) Halle-Jena-LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5eD-04103 LeipzigGermany Department of Bio-and Environmental Sciences Technical University of DresdenInternational Institute(IHI)ZittauMarkt 23D-02763 ZittauGermany

Fungi play vital roles in the decomposition of deadwood due to their secretion of various enzymes that break down plant cell-wall *** compositions of woodinhabiting fungal(WIF)communities change over the course of the decomposition process as the remaining mass of wood decreases and both abiotic and biotic conditions of the wood significantly *** is currently not resolved which substrate-related factors govern these changes in WIF communities and whether such changes influence the deadwood decomposition *** we report a study on fungal richness and community structure in deadwood of Norway spruce and European beech in temperate forest ecosystems using 454 *** aims were to disentangle the factors that correspond to WIF community composition and to investigate the links between fungal richness,taxonomically-resolved fungal identity,and microbial-mediated ecosystem functions and processes by analyzing physico-chemical wood properties,lignin-modifying enzyme activities and wood decomposition *** fungal richness,we found significant differences in community structure between deadwood of different tree *** composition of WIF communities was related to the physico-chemical properties of the deadwood *** rates and the activities of ligninmodifying enzymes were controlled by the succession of the fungal communities and competition scenarios rather than fungal OTU *** results provide further insights into links between fungal community structure and microbialmediated ecosystem functions and processes.

关键词： Ecosystem processes Enzyme activity Wood decay Physico-chemical wood properties Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes Pyrosequencing

Effect of process parameters on additive-free electrospinning of regenerated silk fibroin nonwovens

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Bioactive Materials 2020年第2期5卷 241-252页

作者： Alexander Kopp Ralf Smeets martin Gosau Nadja kröger Sandra Fuest Marius Köpf Magnus kruse Judith krieger Rico Rutkowski Anders Henningsen Simon Burg Fibrothelium GmbH AachenGermany Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Division of Regenerative Orofacial MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany Institut Fuer Textiltechnik of RWTH Aachen University AachenGermany Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery German Armed Forces HospitalHamburgGermany Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryUniversity Hospital of CologneCologneGermany

Silk fibroin is a biomaterial with multiple beneficial properties for use in regenerative medicine and tissue *** dissolving and processing the reconstituted silk fibroin solution by electrospinning,the arrangement and size of fibers can be manifold varied and according fiber diameters reduced to the nanometer *** nonwovens show high porosity as well as potential ***,electrospinning of most biomaterials demands for the application of additives,which enable stable electrospinning by adjusting viscosity,and are intended to evaporate during processing or to be washed out ***,the use of such additives increases costs and has to be taken into account in terms of biological risks when used for biomedical *** this study,we explored the possibilities of additive-free electrospinning of pure fibroin nonwovens and tried to optimize process parameters to enable stable *** used natural silk derived from the mulberry silkworm Bombyx *** degumming,the silk fibroin was dissolved and the viscosity of the spinning solution was controlled by partial evaporation of the initial solving *** way,we were able to completely avoid the use of additives and manufacture nonwovens,which potentially offer higher biocompatibility and reduced *** and relative humidity during electrospinning were systematically varied(25–35°C,25–30%RH).In a second step,the nonwovens optionally underwent methanol treatment to initiate beta-sheet formation in order to increase structural integrity and *** surface analysis on the different nonwovens was performed using scanning electron microscopy and supplemented by additional mechanical *** was evaluated using BrdU-assay,XTT-assay,LDH-assay and live-dead *** findings were,that an increase of temperature and relative humidity led to unequal fiber diameters and defective *** to penetration decr

关键词： Fibroin Additive-free electrospinning Nanofiber Silk Scaffolds