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Cane toads beneath bird rookeries： utilization of a natural disturbance by an invasive species

Current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 433-439页

作者： Damian C. LETTOOF jessica A. LYONS Richard SHINE Grdgoire MANIEL martin MAYER Daniel j, D.NATUSCHa School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Resource Evaluation and Development Bamaga QLD 4876 Australia 87 Cours Aristide Briand 33000 Bordeaux France Faculty of Arts and Sciences University College of Southeast Norway Bei Telemark Norway

Many invasive species exploit anthropogenically disturbed habitats, but most of those taxa evolved long before humans. Presumably, then, an ability to use natural （non-anthropogenic） disturbances pre-adapted invaders to a world later degraded by people. Studies on invasive species in naturally disturbed habitats thus can clarify the ancestral niche of invaders. In the Australian tropics, metallic starlings Aplonis metallica nest communally in emergent rainforest trees during the wet-season, and invasive cane toads Rhinella marina join other predators （mammals, birds, reptiles, and other anurans） to exploit the food resources beneath those trees. Compared to conspecifics found along nearby roads through the forest, cane toads beneath bird-nesting trees occur at higher densities, and are smaller in body size. The sex ratio is female-biased, and recapture records suggest that fe- males may be philopatric at these sites （whereas recaptures were rare for both sexes found along the roads）. Some toads were found under the same trees in successive wet-seasons. Spooling showed that distances moved per night were similar along the road versus under the trees, but toads under trees showed lower net displacements. Diets also differed （based upon scat analysis）, with tree toads feeding more on beetles and less on ants. These nutrient-rich hotspots are ex- ploited primarily by adult females and juvenile toads, whereas adult males congregate at breeding sites. By magnifying pre-existing intraspecific divergences in habitat use, bird rookeries may en- hance population viability of cane toads by enabling critical age and sex classes to exploit food- rich patches that are rarely used by adult males.

关键词： ancestral niche communal nesting niche partitioning pre-adaptation spatial ecology

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Generation and preservation of continental crust in the Grenville Orogeny

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第3期6卷 357-372页

作者： Christopher j.Spencer Peter A.Cawood Chris j.Hawkesworth Anthony R.Prave Nick M.W.Roberts Matthew S.A.Horstwood martin j.Whitehouse EIMF Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of St Andrews NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory British Geological Survey Swedish Museum of Natural History and Nordic Center for Earth Evolution(NordCEE) Edinburgh Ion Microprobe Facility University of Edinburgh

Detrital zircons from modern sediments display an episodic temporal distribution of U-Pb crystallization ages forming a series of ＇peaks＇ and ＇troughs＇. The peaks are interpreted to represent either periods of enhanced generation of granitic magma perhaps associated with mantle overturn and superplume events, or preferential preservation of continental crust during global collisional orogenesis. The close association of those peaks with the assembly of supercontinents implies a causal relationship between collisional orogenesis and the presence of zircon age peaks. Here these two end-member models （episodic periodicity of increased magmatism versus selective preservation during collisional orogenesis） are assessed using U-Pb, Hf, and 0 analysis of detrital zircons from sedimentary successions deposited during the - 1.3-1.1 Ga accretionary, -1.1-0.9 Ga collisional, and 〈 0.9 Ga extensional collapse phases of the Grenville orogenic cycle in Labrador and Scotland. The pre-collisional, accretionary stage provides a baseline of continental crust present prior to orogenesis and is dominated by Archean and Paleoproterozoic age peaks associated with pre-1300 Ma Laurentian geology. Strata deposited during the Grenville Orogeny display similar Archean and Paleoproterozoic detrital populations along with a series of broad muted peaks from - 1500 to 1100 Ma. However, post-collisional sedimentary successions display a dominant age peak between 1085 and 985 Ma, similar to that observed in modern North American river sediments. Zircons within the post-orogenic sedimentary successions have progressively lower EHf and higher -lSO values from - 1800 to - 1200 Ma whereupon they have higher EHf and -3180 within the dominant 1085-985 Ma age peak. Furthermore, the Lu-Hf isotopic profile of the Grenville-related age peak is consistent with significant assimilation and contamination by older crustal material, The timing of this dominant age peak coincides with the peak of metamorphism and

关键词： Zircon Continental crust Grenville Orogeny Crustal preservation

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Valorization of Kraft Lignin as Thickener in Castor Oil for Lubricant Applications

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journal of Renewable Materials 2018年第4期6卷 347-361页

作者： A.M.Borrero-Lopez F.j.Santiago-Medina C.Valencia M.E.Eugenio R.martin-Sampedro j.M.Franco Department of Chemical Engineering University of HuelvaEl Carmen CampusAgrifood Campus of International Excellence(ceiA3)21071 HuelvaSpain Pro2TecS-Chemical Process and Product Technology Research Center University of Huelva21071 HuelvaSpain INIA-CIFOR Ctra de la Coruñakm 7.5.28040MadridSpain

It is known that large amounts of residual lignin are generated in the pulp and paper industry.A new alternative for Kraft lignin valorization,which consists of first a chemical modification using a diisocyanate and then the efficient dispersion in castor oil to achieve stable gel-like systems,is proposed in this *** properties and microstructure of these materials were determined by means of small amplitude oscillatory shear tests and viscous flow measurements and atomic force microscopy observations,***,both standardized penetration tests and tribological assays,usually performed in the lubricant industry,were carried out to evaluate the performance characteristics as lubricating *** viscoelasticity functions are affected by the lignin/diisocyanate ratio and thickener *** thermorheological response evidenced a softening temperature of around 105°*** microstructure of these gel-like dispersions is composed of interconnected thin fibers,homogeneously distributed in castor ***,the NCO-functionalized lignin gel-like dispersions studied show lower friction coefficients than traditional lubricating greases.

关键词： Kraft lignin diisocyanate gel-like dispersion rheology thermal properties

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Impact of age on transcatheter aortic valve implantation outcomes：a comparison of patients aged≤ 80 years versus patients ＆gt; 80 years

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第1期13卷 31-36页

作者： Frank van der Kley Philippe j van Rosendael Spyridon Katsanos Vasileios Kamperidis Nina A Marsan Ioannis Karalis Arend de Weger Meindert Palmen jeroen j Bax martin j Schalij Victoria Delgado Heart Lung Center Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands

ObjectiveTo investigate the procedural outcomes and the long-term survival of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation （TAVI） and compare study results of patients≤ 80 years and patients ＆gt; 80 years *** total of 240 patients treated with TAVI were divided into two groups according to age≤ 80 years （n = 105; 43.8%） and ＆gt; 80 years （n= 135; 56.2%）. The baseline characteristics and the pro-cedural outcomes were compared between these two groups of *** the exception of peripheral artery disease and hypercho-lesterolemia, which were more frequently observed in the older age group, baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Complica-tion rates did not differ significantly between patients≤ 80 years and patients ＆gt; 80 years. There were no differences in 30-day mortality rates be-tween patients aged≤ 80 years and patients ＆gt; 80 years old （9.5%vs. 7.4%, respectively;P = 0.557）. After a median follow-up of 28 months （in-terquartile range： 16-42 months）, 50 （47.6%） patients aged≤ 80 years died compared to 57 （42%） deaths in the group of patients ＆gt; 80 years old （P= 0.404）.ConclusionThe results of the present single center study showed that age did not significantly impact the outcomes of TAVI.

关键词： Age Survival rate Transcatheter aortic valve implantation

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Submillimeter/millimeter observations of the molecular clouds associated with Tycho's supernova remnant

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2011年第5期11卷 537-544页

作者： jin—LongXu jun—jieWang martin Miller NationalAstronomicalObservatories ChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100012China NAOC-TUjointCenterforAstrophysics Lhasa850000China GraduateUniversityoftheChineseAcademyofSciences Beijing100049China InstituteofPhysics UniversityofCologneCologne50937Germany

We have carried out CO j=2 - 1 and CO j = 3 - 2 observations toward Tycho＇s supernova remnant （SNR） using the KOSMA 3m-telescope. From these observations, we identified three molecular clouds （MCs） around the SNR. The small cloud in the southwest was discovered for the first time. In the north and east, two MCs （Cloud A and Cloud B） adjacent in space display a bow-shaped morphology, and have broad emission lines, which provide some direct evidences of the SNR-MCs interaction. The MCs are revealed at-69∽-59 km s-1, coincident with Tycho＇s SNR. The MCs associated with Tycho＇s SNR have a mass of-2.13 x 10^3 Mo. Position- velocity diagrams show the two clouds to be adjacent in velocity, which means cloud- cloud collision could occur in this region. The maximum value （0.66±0.10） of the integrated CO line intensity ratio （Icoj=3-2/Icoj=2-1） for the three MCs agrees well with the previous measurement of individual Galactic MCs, implying that the SNR shock drove into the MCs. The two MCs have a line intensity ratio gradient. The distribution of the ratio appears to indicate that the shock propagates from the southwest to the northeast.

关键词： ISM: individual objects (Tycho's supernova remnant (G120.1+1.4))-ISM: molecules-supernova remnants

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Applying the Socio-Ecological Model to barriers to implementation of ACL injury prevention programs: A systematic review

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第1期8卷 8-16页

作者： DRima L.Bogardus Ryan j.martin Alice R.Richman Anthony S.Kulas Department of Health Education and Promotion East Carolina University

Background: Preventing anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injuries is important to avoid long-term adverse health consequences. Identifying barriers to implementation of these prevention programs is crucial to reducing the incidence of these injuries. Our purpose was to identify barriers of implementation for ACL injury prevention programs and suggest mechanisms for reducing the barriers through application of a SocioEcological Model(SEM).Methods: Studies investigating ACL prevention program effectiveness were searched in Medline via PubMed and the Cochrane Library, and a subsequent review of the references of the identified articles, yielded 15 articles total. Inclusion criteria encompassed prospective controlled trials, published in English, with ACL injuries as the primary outcome. Studies were independently appraised by 2 reviewers for methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Barriers to implementation were identified when reported in at least 2 separate studies. A SEM was used to suggest ways to reduce the identified ***: Five barriers were identified: motivation, time requirements, skill requirements for program facilitators, compliance, and cost. The SEM suggested ways to minimize the barriers at all levels of the model from the individual through policy ***: Identification of barriers to program implementation and suggesting how to reduce them through the SEM is a critical first step toward enabling ACL prevention programs to be more effective and ultimately reducing the incidence of these injuries.

关键词： Anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention Barriers to implementation Neuromuscular training programs Socio-Ecological Model Sports injury prevention

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Mate-recognition and species boundaries in the ascomycetes

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第1期58卷 1-12页

作者： Simon H.martin Emma T.Steenkamp Michael j.Wingfield Brenda D.Wingfield Department of Genetics Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0002South Africa Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0002South Africa

Reproductive gene evolution is commonly invoked as a source of reproductive isolation during *** possibility has not been adequately explored in the Ascomycota,the most species-rich fungal *** mechanisms of mate-recognition in this group are relatively simple:a“mating type”locus determines reproductive mode and sexual compatibility,and two pheromone/receptor pairs control sexual ***,ascomycete reproductive genes can experience unique and interesting evolutionary forces,which could lead to rapid *** this review,we examine the mechanisms of sexual interaction in ascomycetes and explore current evidence as to whether these mechanisms allow for species-specificity in *** discuss the evolutionary forces that can drive reproductive gene divergence,how these may apply in the world of ascomycetes,and their possible consequences for speciation.

关键词： Ascomycota Speciation Mating type Pheromone Receptor

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Solid oxide fuel cell interconnect design optimization considering the thermal stresses

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Science Bulletin 2016年第17期61卷 1333-1344页

作者： Min Xu Tingshuai Li Ming Yang martin Andersson School of Energy Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Department of Energy Sciences Faculty of EngineeringLund University

The mechanical failure of solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) components may cause cracks with consequences such as gas leakage,structure instability and reduction of cell lifetime.A comprehensive 3D model of the thermal stresses of an anode-supported planar SOFC is presented in this *** main objective of this paper is to get an interconnect optimized design by evaluating the thermal stresses of an anode-supported SOFC for different designs,which would be a new criterion for interconnect *** model incorporates the momentum,mass,heat,ion and electron transport,as well as steady-state *** from methane steam reforming and water-gas shift reaction were considered in our *** results examine the relationship between the interconnect structures and thermal stresses in SOFC at certain mechanical properties.A wider interconnect of the anode side lowers the stress *** simulation results also indicate that thermal stress of coflow design is smaller than that of counterflow,corresponding to the temperature *** study shows that it is possible to design interconnects for an optimum thermal stress performance of the cell.

关键词： Solid oxide fuel cell Thermal stresses Interconnect Optimization Finite element method

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Predictability of South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第3期36卷 253-260,339页

作者： Gill M.martin Amulya CHEVUTURI Ruth E.COMER Nick j.DUNSTONE Adam A.SCAIFE Daquan ZHANG Met Office Hadley Centre Met Office NCAS-Climate and Department of Meteorology University of Reading College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences Exeter University Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration

Predicting monsoon onset is crucial for agriculture and socioeconomic planning in countries where millions rely on the timely arrival of monsoon rains for their livelihoods. In this study we demonstrate useful skill in predicting year-to-year variations in South China Sea summer monsoon onset at up to a three-month lead time using the GloSea5 seasonal forecasting system. The main source of predictability comes from skillful prediction of Pacific sea surface temperatures associated with El Ni?no and La Ni?na. The South China Sea summer monsoon onset is a known indicator of the broadscale seasonal transition that represents the first stage of the onset of the Asian summer monsoon as a whole. Subsequent development of rainfall across East Asia is influenced by subseasonal variability and synoptic events that reduce predictability, but interannual variability in the broadscale monsoon onset for East Asian summer monsoon still provides potentially useful information for users about possible delays or early occurrence of the onset of rainfall over East Asia.

关键词： SCSSM South China Sea summer monsoon EASM East Asian summer monsoon

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LEAD ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS OF CENOZOIC BASALTS FROM EASTERN CHINA:GEOGRAPHICAL CONTROL AND GENETIC SIGNIFICANCE

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1989年第24期34卷 2055-2060页

作者：解广轰涂勘王俊文张明 martin F.j.FLOWER Institute of Geochemistry Academia Sinica Guiyang 550002 PRC. Department of Geological Sciences University of Illinois Chicago Illinois 60680 USA Institute of Geochemistry Academia Sinica Guiyang 550002 PRC.Department of Geological Sciences University of Illinois Chicago Illinois 60680 USA

Cenozoic basalts, widespread in eastern China constitute an important part of the volcanic belt at Circum-Pacific continental margins. In recent years, one of the major objectives of isotope geochemical studies of basalts is to explore spatial relationships between magmatic sources and tectonic settings. In this note, we report new Pb isotopic results for basalts from Wudalianchi, Changbaishan, Kuandian, Hannuaba, Datong, Hainan and the South

关键词： Pb isotope basalt mantle source.

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