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Equipping the Public Primary Schools in Puebla： The Case of the Enciclomedia System in the State of Puebla, Mexico

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Computer Technology and Application 2012年第10期3卷 668-677页

作者： Juan carlos Botello martin Dfivila Business School International Commerce Universidad Popular A ut6noma del Estado de Puebla Puebla 72410 Mexico Social Sciences Economics Universidad Popular A ut6noma del Estado de Puebla Puebla 72410 Mexico

The primary school system in Mexico is affected by serious shortfalls in the installation of related information and communication technologies resources in the teaching-learning process. This lack of resources has an impact of the context of the digital divide as well as in joining the knowledge society. The present article will deal with the outfitting of classrooms with the enciclomedia system in the 5tb and 6th grade in the State of Puebla. It will demonstrate important findings, demonstrating the deepening digital divide between the state capital and the rest of the municipalities in this state. In fact, the furthest （300 km far away from Puebla city） the less primary school equipped with the enciclomedia system. We will also demonstrate the resource distribution by school-type and inhabitants. Another finding is the influence in resource distribution by political party. This study should provide public policy decision-makers with valuable information for the apportionment of resources in all municipalities of the State of Puebla.

关键词： Public policies primary schools information technology resource distribution political party.

Information and Communication Technologies： A Way to Reduce Digital Illiteracy

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Computer Technology and Application 2013年第12期4卷 649-657页

作者： Juan carlos Botello martin Daivila Business School UPAEP Puebla C.P. 72410 MEXICO Social Science Departament UPAEP Puebla C.P. 72410 MEXICO

The teaching-learning process may have several obstacles; one of those would be a cultural situation of students. When the author refers to cultural situation, the author means the language or dialect that they speak. In the state of Puebla, Mexico, there are primary schools where the courses are taught to students who do not speak Spanish and they only speak their own dialect. On the other hand, the use of information and communication technologies in primary schools in Puebla is a fact but a main concern in schools is that the languages in which they are operated are Spanish. To analyze this situation, the author finds that turns out to be very important and with a negative effect on both the implementation and acceptance of a multimedia program in these schools, generating a technological gap between students. The government efforts are decimated because of this cultural divide prevalent in many communities in the state of Puebla and the increase of this situation when considering the illiterate population.

关键词： Primary schools information technology cultural gap and technological gap.

Kinetic Rates of the Fischer Tropsch Synthesis on a Co/Nb_2O_5 Catalyst

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2006年第4期15卷 307-312页

作者： Víctor R.Ahón Paulo L.C.Lage carlos D.D.de Souza Fabiana M.Mendes martin Schmal Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Programa de Engenharia Química COPPE/UFRJ C.P.6850221941-972Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil

The kinetics of the Fischer-Tropsch reaction over a Co/Nb2O5 catalyst in a fixed bed reactor was investigated experimentally. Experiments were carried out under isothermal and isobaric conditions （T=543 K, P=2.1 MPa） and under different conditions of several H2/CO feed molar ratio （0.49-4.79）, space velocities （0.2-3.8 h^-1）, mass of catalyst （0.3-1.5 g）, and CO conversion （10%-29%）. Synthesis gas conversion was measured and data were reduced to estimate the kinetic parameters for different Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate expressions. Differential and integral reactor models were used for the nonlinear regression of kinetics parameters. One of the rate equations could well explain the data. The hydrocarbon product distributions that were experimentally determined exhibited an unusual behavior, and a possible explanation was discussed.

关键词： Fischer-Tropsch natural gas kinetics selectivity

Control of Plant Growth and Defense by Photoreceptors:From Mechanisms to Opportunities in Agriculture

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Molecular Plant 2021年第1期14卷 61-76页

作者： Ronald Pierik carlos L.Ballare Plant Ecophysiology Department of BiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 8Utrecht 3584 CHthe Netherlands IFEVA Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y TecnicasUniversidad de Buenos AiresAve.San Martin 4453C1417DSEBuenos AiresArgentina IIBIO-INTECH Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y TecnicasUniversidad Nacional de San MartinB1650HMPBuenos AiresArgentina

Plants detect and respond to the proximity of competitors using light signals perceived by photoreceptor proteins.A low ratio of red to far-red radiation(R:FR ratio)is a key signal of competition that is sensed by the photoreceptor phytochrome B(phyB).Low R:FR ratios increase the synthesis of growth-related hormones,including auxin and gibberellins,promoting stem elongation and other shade-avoidance *** photoreceptors that help plants to optimize their developmental configuration and resource allocation patterns in the canopy include blue light photoreceptors,such as cryptochromes and phototropins,and UV receptors,such as *** photoreceptors act by directly or indirectly controlling the activity of two major regulatory nodes for growth and development:the COP1/SPA ubiquitin E3 ligase complex and the PIF transcription *** is also an important modulator of hormonal pathways that regulate plant defense against herbivores and pathogens,including the jasmonic acid signaling pathway,In this Perspective,we discuss recent advances on the studies of the mechanisms that link photoreceptors with growth and *** these mechanisms is important to provide a functional platform for breeding programs aimed at improving plant productivity,stress tolerance,and crop health in species of agronomic interest,and to manipulate the light environments in protected agriculture.

关键词： photoreceptor phytochrome jasmonate growth-defense trade-off shade avoidance immunity

EEG Characteristics of Adolescents Raised in Institutional Environments and Their Relation to Psychopathological Symptoms

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2018年第10期8卷 519-537页

作者： Jorge carlos Hevia-Orozco Araceli Sanz-martin Instituto de Neurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro México Instituto de Neurociencias Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara México

Children reared in institutional environments present emotional and cognitive affectations, as well as changes in the anatomy and functioning of certain cerebral areas, such as the prefrontal cortex. However, knowledge of the long run effect of these affectations remains scarce. Therefore, this study was designed to correlate the cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) and psychopathological parameters. Resting EEG from 10 institutionalized (IA) and 10 never-institutionalized adolescents (NIA) was obtained and this was parametrically correlated with the intensity of symptoms of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety. Results showed that the IA group showed higher indices of depression, anxiety and PTSD, accompanied by low relative power (RP) in the fast bands, high activity in the slow bands in frontal areas, and higher alpha2 RP in temporal areas. In addition, IA showed higher EEG-correlations among frontal areas but lower EEG-correlations among prefrontal, parietal and temporal areas in the gamma band. We also found correlations between the EEG parameters and psychopathological scores. These EEG findings can contribute to improve our understanding of how stress experienced early in life may impact the development of the cortex, and how this, in turn, may predispose individuals to develop psychiatric conditions.

关键词： Adolescents Institutionalization EEG Activity Depression Anxiety

UVR8 Mediates UV-B-Induced Arabidopsis Defense Responses against Botrytis cinerea by Controlling Sinapate Accumulation

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Molecular Plant 2012年第3期5卷 642-652页

作者： Patricia V. Demkura carlos L. Ballare＇ FEVA Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas--Universidad de Buenos Aires Ave. San Martin 4453 C1417DSE Buenos Aires Argentina

Light is emerging as a central regulator of plant immune responses against herbivores and pathogens. Solar UVoB radiation plays an important role as a positive modulator of plant defense. However, since UV-B photons can interact with a wide spectrum of molecular targets in plant tissues, the mechanisms that mediate their effects on plant defense have remained elusive. Here, we show that ecologically meaningful doses of UV-B radiation increase Arabidopsis resis- tance to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea and that this effect is mediated by the photoreceptor UVR8. The UV-B effect on plant resistance was conserved in mutants impaired in jasmonate （JA） signaling （jar1-1 and P35S：JAZlO.4） or metabolism of tryptophan-derived defense compounds （pen2-1, pacl3-1, pen2 pad3）, suggesting that neither regulation of the JA pathway nor changes in levels of indolic glucosinolates （iGS） or camalexin are involved in this response. UV-B radiation, acting through UVR8, increased the levels of flavonoids and sinapates in leaf tissue. The UV-B effect on pathogen resistance was still detectable in tt4-1, a mutant deficient in chalcone synthase and therefore impaired in the synthesis of flavonoids, but was absent in fahl-7, a mutant deficient in ferulic acid 5-hydroxylase, which is essential for sinapate bio- synthesis. Collectively, these results indicate that UVR8 plays an important role in mediating the effects of UV-B radiation on pathogen resistance by controlling the expression of the sinapate biosynthetic pathway.

关键词： defense jasmonate phenolics phenylpropanoids photomorphogenesis photoreceptor plant-microbe interactions

Endoscopic submucosal dissection in dogs in a World Gastroenterology Organisation training center

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第14期16卷 1759-1764页

作者： Miguel A Tanimoto Gonzalo Torres-Villalobos Rikiya Fujita Patricio Santillan-Doherty Jorge Albores-Saavedra German Gutierrez Luis A martin-del-Campo carlos Bravo-Reyna Octavio Villanueva Jose J Villalobos Misael Uribe Miguel A Valdovinos Department of Gastroenterology and World Gastroenterology Organisation Training Center National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran Mexico City 14000 Mexico Department of Surgery and Experimental Surgery National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran Mexico City 14000 Mexico The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR Tokyo Tokyo 135-8550 Japan Department of Pathology National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran Mexico City 14000 Mexico Department of Experimental Surgery National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zu- biran Mexico City 14000 Mexico Animal lab and Department of Experimental Research National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran Mexico City 14000 Mexico

AIM: To evaluate if canine models are appropriate for teaching endoscopy fellows the techniques of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). METHODS: ESD was performed in 10 canine models under general anesthesia, on artificial lesions of the esophagus or stomach marked with coagulation points. After ESD, each canine model was euthanized and surgical resection of the esophagus or stomach was carried out according to "The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, Russel and Burch". The ESD specimens were fixed with needles on cork submerged in a formol solution with the esophagus or stomach, and delivered to the pathology department to be analyzed. RESULTS: ESD was completed without complications using the Hook-knife in five esophageal areas, with a procedural duration of 124 ± 19 min, a length of 27.4 ± 2.6 mm and a width of 21 ± 2.4 mm. ESD was also completed without complications using the IT-knife2 in five gastric areas, with a procedural duration of 92.6 ± 19 min, a length of 32 ± 2.5 mm and a width of 18 ± 3.7 mm. CONCLUSION: ESD is feasible in the normal esopha- gus and stomach of canine models, which are appropriate for teaching this technique.

关键词： Endoscopic mucosal resection Endoscopic submucosal dissection Stomach neoplasms Training

Chronic hepatitis C in hemodialysis patients:Prevalence and liver fibrosis impact in the National Center for Renal Health in Peru

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iLIVER 2022年第3期1卷 141-144页

作者： P.martin Padilla-Machaca Eduardo Luna-Victoria Ada Cabrera Juan-carlos Gómez-De la Torre Rocio Galloso Pedro Montes Guillermo Almenara National Hospital EsSaludLimaPerú National University of San Marcos LimaPerú National Renal Health Center EsSaludLimaPerú Laboratorio Clínico Roe LimaPerú Asociacion Peruana para el Estudio del Hígado(APEH) LimaPerú

Background:Hepatitis C(HCV)remains a serious public health problem in high-risk persons such as patients on chronic *** aimed to estimate the serological prevalence of HCV,the HCV viral load and genotype,and liver fibrosis stage among patients on chronic hemodialysis at the National Renal Health Center in Lima,***:From June 2019 to March 2021,all patients who received chronic hemodialysis were invited to *** who provided written informed consent were *** with HCV-positive serology underwent determination of HCV viral *** from subjects with detectable viral load,underwent determination of HCV ***,HCV infected subjects underwent determination of liver fibrosis using transitional elastography(Fibroscan 402):Metavir score:F0-F1:2.5-7.5 kPa,F2:7.6-9.5 Kpa,F3:9.6-12 Kpa,F4(Cirrhosis):12.1-75 ***:Of the 303 subjects invited to participate,174(57.4%)subjects gave their written *** age was 52 years(range 22-91)and 116(66.6%)were *** serology was positive in 35.1%of patients(61/174);however,the prevalence of positive serology with detectable viral load was 20.11%(35/174).Genotype 1a was the most prevalent(85%).The majority(83.6%)of subjects with detectable viral load had values lower than 800.000 IU/***-nine of those 35 subjects underwent elastography evaluation,and 13(44.8%)of them were found to have stage F2-F4 ***:The prevalence of HCV at the largest reference center for hemodialysis in Lima remains high,with GT1a predominance,viral load usually below 800,000 IU/mL and significant liver fibrosis.

关键词： Hepatitis C Hemodialysis Liver fibrosis HCV genotype

Gut passage of epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungi by two opportunistic mycophagous rodents

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 293-299页

作者： Citlalli CASTILLO-GUEVARAl Josette SIERRA Gema GALINDO-FLORES Mariana CUAUTLE carlos LARA Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Autonoma de Tlaxcala Km 10.5 Autopista Tlaxcala-San Martin Texmelucan San Felipe Ixtacuixtla Tlaxcala 90120 Mexico Departamento de Quimica y Biologfa Universidad de las Americas-Puebla Ex-hacienda Sta Catarina Martir s/n Cholula Puebla 72810 Mexico Centro Tlaxcala de Biologia de la Conducta Universidad Autdnoma de Tlaxcala-UNAM Carretera Tlaxcala-Puebla Km 1.5 s/n Tlaxcala Tlaxcala 90070 Mexico

Mycophagists can influence fungal diversity within their home ranges by ensuring the continued and effective dispersal of spores from one site to another. However, the passage of spores through the digestive tract of vertebrates can affect the activity and viability of the spores ingested. This phenomenon has been rarely documented in opportunistic mycophagists consuming epigeous fungi. Using laboratory experiments, we investigated the activity and viability of spores of two epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungal species （Laccaria trichodermophora and SuiUus tomentosus） after passage through the digestive tract of two opportunistic mycophagous small rodents, the volcano mouse Peromyscus alstoni and the deer mouse P maniculatus. We found that passage through the gut of either species of rodent had a significant effect on spore activity and viability for both fungal species. The proportion of active spores （0.37-0.40） of L. trichodermophora in the feces of both species of rodents was less than that recorded for the control （0.82）. However, the proportion of active spores （0.644）.73） of S. tomentosus in the feces of each species of rodent was higher than in the control （0.40）. On the other hand, the viability of spores was lower （0.26-0.30 in L. trichodermophora and 0.604）.69 in S. tomentosus） for both fungi when consumed by either rodent relative to the controls （0.90 in L. trichodermophora and 0.82 in S. tomentosus）. These findings suggest that these rodent species may be effective dispersers of both epigeous fungi [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 293-299, 2011].

关键词： Gut passage Epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungi Mexico Spore activity and viability Peromyscus