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Formulation of Biofungicides from Cymbopogon citratus and Tithonia diversifolia: Evaluating Its Antimicrobial Activities against Pythium myriotylum, the Causal Agent of Root Rot of Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 896-914页

作者： Magni Pacha Tatiana Flore Tene Tayo Paul martial Foka Tatiekam Ebenezer Dzelamonyuy Aristide Ewane Cecile Annie Mbouopda Herman Désire Boudjeko Thaddée Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Valorization of Genetic Resources Biotechnology Centre-Nkolbisson Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis USA Department of Biochemistry University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biology University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Three fungicide formulations, namely M1, M2 and M3, were prepared from sodium bicarbonate, citronella essential oil and sunflower slurry. The stability of M1, M2 and M3 formulations was determined based on pH, temperature, order of incorporation of the inputs and storage time. The most stable formulations were used for antagonistic tests on Pythium myriotylum. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was used for the greenhouse tests and the mode of action was determined in vitro. The study showed that the order of incorporation of the inputs “Essential Oil-Tween 80-Bicarbonate-Slurry” (EO-T80-B-S) promotes stability. M1 and M2 are stable at 4°C, 25°C, 37°C and 40°C temperatures and have a pH of 7 and 8 respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of M1 and M2 is 1% on P. myriotylum. M1 and M2 act on Pythium by membrane lysis, inhibiting proton pumps and inhibiting protein synthesis. The formulations M1 and M2 reduce the incidence of root rot disease in cocoyam plants growth in the greenhouse. M1 and M2 are potential candidates for improvement of cocoyam seedlings production in Cameroon.

关键词： Biofungicide Xanthosoma sagittifolium Pythium myriotylum Root Rot Disease

Mapping of Malaria Risk Related to Climatic and Environmental Factors by Multicriteria Analysis in the MarahouéRegion of Côte d’Ivoire

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第6期10卷 234-252页

作者： Assikohon Pulchérie Gouzile martial Bama Bi Yourou Guillaume Zamina Ellélé Aimé Yapi Gneneyougo Emile Soro Bi Tie Albert Goula Tiembré Issiaka National Institute of Public Hygiene Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Félix Houphouë t Boigny University Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Nangui-Abrogoua University Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire

Malaria, a febrile human disease transmitted by female anopheles whose ecology is linked to water, is a major public health problem in Côte d’Ivoire, more precisely in the Marahoué region located in the southwest of the country. In order to effectively control this disease, it is necessary to understand the etiology and the diffusion pattern of the vectors. This justifies this study, which proposes to determine the areas at risk of malaria transmission in order to carry out an effective fight against this disease in this region of Côte d’Ivoire. To achieve this, a combined approach of geographic information systems and multicriteria analysis was adopted. The analysis reveals that the south and northwest of the Marahoué region present a high risk for malaria transmission. This risk is linked to indicators such as climatic factors that cover 48.36% of the study area, environmental factors such as vegetation cover (NDVI), soil moisture (NDWI), altitude, hydrography (water point) and population that covers 55.29% of the area and land use. Also, the results indicated that 50.70% of the region has favorable conditions for malaria transmission. Overall, climatic and environmental indicators are the risk factors associated with the resurgence of malaria.

关键词： Mapping Palustrum Multicriteria Analysis Marahoué Ivory Coast

Contribution to the Improvement of Transfusion Safety: Assessment of the Pre-Donation Hemoglobin Level at the Yamoussoukro Blood Transfusion Center in Cote d’Ivoire

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2023年第2期13卷 78-82页

作者： Renaude Janine Amon Boukalo Guillaume Zaminan martial Bama Saydou Kaboré Sidonie Gooré Kouamenan Issaka Tiembré Jean-Jacques Dadié Bosso Sekongo Yassongui Mamadou National Center for Blood Transfusion Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire National Institute of Public Hygiene Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Blood Transfusion Center Yamoussoukro C&#244te d’Ivoire

Introduction: Despite the progress recorded at the level of transfusion safety in Côte d’Ivoire, much remains to be done, particularly at the level of the medical selection of blood donors. The objective of the study was to make an assessment of the pre-donation capillary hemoglobin dosage for the year 2020 of the fixed collection, of the Blood Transfusion Center of Yamoussoukro. Method: This is a retrospective study that took place at the Yamoussoukro Blood Transfusion Center. The data collection related to all old and new blood donors were deemed suitable for the fixed collection of the year 2020. The method chosen for the pre-donation control is that of the portable hemoglobinometer of the HémoCue® type, more precisely 201+. Results: Of the 1160 blood donors in the study, the pre-donation hemoglobin level was not measured in 787 (67.8%) subjects of either sex. Of the subjects who had a pre-donation hemoglobin level performed, 97 (26%) blood donors had a sub-standard hemoglobin level, including 15 females and 82 males. Conclusion: Pre-donation hemoglobin testing of blood donors is effective in Yamoussoukro. However, efforts must still be made to improve the quality of the blood collected and to protect blood donors.

关键词： Blood Donation Medical Selection Pre-Donation Hemoglobin Fixed Collection Yamoussoukro

Petrography and Geochemistry of the Mbip Granitic Massif, SW Tcholliré(Central North Cameroon): Petrogenetic and Geodynamic Implication

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International Journal of Geosciences 2015年第7期6卷 761-775页

作者： Emmanuel Nomo Negue Rigobert Tchameni Olivier Vanderhaeghe Pierre Barbey Periclex martial Fosso Tchunte Jonas Didero Takodjou Wambo Brice Yanick Lemdjou Nicaise Alliance Saha Fouotsa Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon CNRS UMR7359 GeoResources Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France CNRS UMR7358 CRPG Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France Université de Lorraine Nancy France GET Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse France

In this article, we discussed about the petrography and geochemistry of magmatic rocks of the?Mbip massif?located SW of Tcholliré, in Central North Cameroon (Central African Fold Belt). Petrographic study shows that this massif is made of granodiorite, amphibole-biotite granite, and biotite granite which often contain enclave of mafic rocks (gabbro). Granodiorites and granites show porphyritic texture and consist dominantly of plagioclase and alkaline feldspar phenocrysts, quartz, biotite and often few amphibole. The gabbro enclaves are characterized by a granular porphyroid texture constituted of amphibole, plagioclase and olivine phenocrysts, all in a matrix of small crystals of plagioclase, olivine, amphibole, pyroxene and opaque minerals. All the analyzed rocks provide geochemical features of sublkaline serie and have nothing to do with the alkaline nature previously signaled in the former works. Granodiorites and granites are shoshonitic to calc-alkaline strongly potassic affinity consistent with emplacement in the continental collision setting. They present positive anomalies in Rb, Th, U;negative anomalies in Sr, P, Ti, Nb, Ta and some facies contain hydrated minerals such as amphibole. These characters are consistent with crustal and mantle contribution in their genesis. The mafic rocks (gabbro) have geochemical characteristics conferring a mantle origin, as confirmed by the high Mg# value (49.9). On the whole, the fractional crystallization of the magma formed by melting of crustal material and the magmatic mixing are the main petrogenetic process in the Mbip massif. Petrographic studies and geochemical data shows that the Mbip massif was emplaced in an active continental margin, into transitional regime from the end of maximum compression to the beginning of relaxation.

关键词： Central African Fold Belt Granitic Rocks Mafic Rocks Transitional Regime Active Margin.

The Geological Formations of Koun Fao (East of Côte d’Ivoire): Petrographic Characterization and Associated Deformations

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Open Journal of Geology 2022年第10期12卷 787-810页

作者： Tokpa Kakeu Lionel-Dimitri Boya Fossou Jean-Luc Hervé Kouadio Allou Gnanzou martial Pohn Koffi Adingra Odrouro Ablan Anne Marie Kouame Marc Ephrem Allialy Laboratory of Geology Mineral and Energy Resources/Training and Research Unit in Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources Félix Houphou&euml t-Boigny University Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

This study aims to contribute to improve knowledge on geological formations of Comoé basin. The petrographic study of the geological formations of Koun Fao has highlighted two major lithological families: magmatic rocks consisting of monzonites, monzogranites, diorites, biotite granodiorites, syenites, porphyritic micromonzonites and porphyritic dacite and metamorphic rocks from sedimentary origin (quartz schists, meta-greywackes, schists, andalusite chloritoschist and paragneiss). These formations are affected by amphibolite to greenschist facies metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration (pervasive and vein) marked by the presence of quartz, epidotes, chlorites and sericite. Minerals such as andalusite, muscovite and chlorite characterize a local low pressure contact metamorphism in the andalusite chloritoschist. Remote sensing data (Landsat 8 image) coupled with field data allowed the production of a geological map of the area. The study of the structures and microstructures highlighted two deformation mechanisms. These are flattening and simple shear (ductile and brittle). The study area is affected by four deformation phases: D1 marked by a N-S to NNE-SSW elongation, D2 marked by a NW-SE to NNW-SSE compression phase, D3 which is a NE-SW to NNE-SSW transpression phase and D4, responsible for late structures, marked by a NW-SE to NNW-SSE transpression phase.

关键词： Petro-Structural Geological Formations Comoé Basin Koun Fao Côte d’Ivoire

Microbial Quality of “Tchachanga”, a Barbecued Mutton Sold in Benin

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Advances in Microbiology 2017年第8期7卷 633-640页

作者： Kadoéito Cyrille Boko martial Gangnito Soumanou S.Toleba Philippe Sessou Ulbad Polycarpe Tougan Oscar Nestor Aguidissou Marc T.Kpodekon Souaibou Farougou Université d’Abomey-Calavi Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-CalaviDépartement de Production et Santé AnimalesUnité de Recherche en Biotechnologie de la Production et de la Santé AnimalesAbomey-CalaviRépublique du Bénin Université d’Abomey-Calavi Faculté des Sciences AgronomiquesCotonouRépublique du Bénin Université de Parakou Faculté d’AgronomieParakouRépublique du Bénin

The microbial quality of Tchachanga, a barbecued mutton sold at Bohicon and Hilla-Condji bus stations in Benin was assessed in accordance with French standards (DGAL, 2000). The analyses revealed that the average total viable counts (TVC) recorded in Bohicon (3.96 × 108 cfu/g) and Hilla-Condji (5.51 × 108 cfu/g) exceeded standard safety limits (3 × 105 cfu/g). Similar observations were made for other parameters such as fecal coliforms count, Escherichia coli count, sulphite-reducing anaerobes, Staphylococcus aureus, yeasts and molds. Salmonella sp were absent in all samples. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the microbial loads obtained in Bohicon and Hilla-Condji. This study shows that barbecued mutton sold in these two stations is unsafe for human consumption. It is therefore important for food safety authorities in Benin to take appropriate measures and sensitize sellers on strict observance of hygiene rules in order to preserve public health.

关键词： Food Safety Tchachanga Street-Vended Food Microorganisms Public Health

Assessment of Domestic Water Sources Safety: Application of the Micro Biological Survey Method and Microbiological Profile of the Contaminating Bacteria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第5期13卷 350-361页

作者： Sali Ben Béchir Adogaye Mabvouna Biguioh Rodrigue Nkamedjie Pete Patrick martial Andrillene Laure Deutou Wondeu Sanou Sobze Martin Jean Blaise Kemogne Carla Montesano Colizzi Vittorio Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy Evangelical University of Cameroon Mbouo-Bandjoun Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Water is essential for human life and it’s expected to be clean and safe. In Cameroon, government efforts to improve access to drinking water are mitigated. Many households are suffering from chronic water shortages leading to the majority of people using doubtful water sources. This study was carried out in accordance with guidelines produced by the STARBIOS2-EU funded project on Responsible Research and Innovation and aimed to assess the microbiological quality of water samples collected from domestic water sources in 3 divisions of the West region of Cameroon. 22 water samples from well water, stream, water pump and river were aseptically collected. At each sampling point, 50 mL of sample was taken aseptically and immediately transported to the laboratory for analysis. The detection of Coliforms bacteria was done using Micro Biological Survey (MBS) method. 1 mL of each sample was inoculated in the Coliforms MBS (Coli MBS) vial initially rehydrated with 10 mL of sterile distilled water. The Coli MBS vials were closed, shaken for homogenization, and then incubated at 37°C. From the initial red color of the Coli MBS vials, changes in color to yellow of the reaction vials were monitored at three different time intervals (12 h, 19 h and 24 h), corresponding to three levels of bacterial concentration. All positives samples on MBS method were selected to determine the presence of E. coli Loop full broths of Coli MBS vials were taken;streaked into the eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar plate and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. E. coli was confirmed by observing green metallic sheen on EMB agar plate. The biochemical indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer and citrate (IMViC) test was performed to determine the complete microbiological profile of the water samples. Almost all the water samples were contaminated with Total Coliforms (TC). A high concentration of TC (>103 CFU/mL) was found in 8 samples (36.4

关键词： Water Assessment Micro Biological Survey Method Biochemical IMViC Test West Cameroon

Low Socio-Economic Level: A Major Obstacle to Therapeutic Observation (Survey of 125 Diabetic Patients)

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022年第1期12卷 1-9页

作者： Ousseynou Ka Djiby Sow Elhadji Mouhamadou Seck Ndeye Fatou Ngom Guéye martial Coly Bop Mountaga Elimane Dia Abdoul Aziz Ndiaye Papa Gallo Sow Maimouna Mbaye Ndour Community Health Department Faculty of Health and Sustainable Development Université Alioune Diop Bambey Senegal Medical Clinic II Centre Hospitalier Abass Ndao Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Department of Medicine Faculty of Health and Sustainable Development Université Alioune Diop Bambey Senegal

Introduction: Diabetic patients adhering to their treatment are less likely to face complication from their disease. For this reason, we studied the compliance of diabetics with their treatment. Materials and Method: This was a comprehensive cross-sectional study of adherence in diabetic patients. All patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. This study took place at a private pharmacy called “pharmacy Elhadj Seydou Nourou Tall” located in the city of Pikine during the period from April 1 to September 30, 2019. Results: In total, the study population was composed of 125 diabetics;frequency of 8.47%. The average age was 62.5 years and there were more women (58.4%). Of the patients, 87% had a low socioeconomic level and 72% a low educational level. Only 65.6% of the patients knew their diabetes type. Even though 97.6% of the patients were confident in the treatment but due to financial reasons 20.8% did not adhere to the prescribed treatment and 16.8% to their diets. Moreover, 15.2% of the patients had changed the dosage of the prescribed medication, 44.4% had forgotten to take their medication regularly. 78.4% of them thought they were taking too much medication. No factors were found to be statistically associated with poor adherence, but the proportion of poor adherence patients was higher in patients over 60 years of age, with low socio-economic status and low education. Conclusion: Low socio-economic status is the main barrier to good adherence. Recommendations have been formulated to improve this adherence.

关键词： Adherence Diabetes Socio-Economic Level Barrier Senegal

Putting Knowledge Into Practice

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ChinAfrica 2022年第7期14卷 57-57页

作者： ESSISSIMA FOE CONSTANTIN martial Gannan Medical University

How skills attained in a Chinese medical university were helpful during a kidney transplant procedure in Cameroon The China-Cameroon health cooperation brought about a major medical milestone in May:three kidney trans... 详细信息

关键词： kidney cooperation completed