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Changes in the gut mycobiome in pediatric patients in relation to the clinical activity of Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第14期29卷 2172-2187页

作者： Agnieszka Krawczyk Dominika Salamon Kinga Kowalska-Duplaga Barbara Zapała Teofila Książek marta Drażniuk-Warchoł Tomasz Gosiewski Department of Microbiology Division of Molecular Medical MicrobiologyJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracow 31-121Poland Department of Pediatrics Gastroenterology and NutritionJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracow 30-663Poland Department of Clinical Biochemistry Jagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracow 31-066Poland Department of Medical Genetics Jagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracow 30-663Poland Department of Pediatrics Gastroenterology and NutritionUniversity Children's HospitalCracow 30-663Poland

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have shown that in Crohn’s disease(CD),the gut microbiota is of great importance in the induction and maintenance of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract.Until recently,studies have focused almost exclusively on bacteria in the gut.Lately,more attention has been paid to the role of intestinal fungi.AIM To study the gut mycobiome analysis of pediatric patients with CD(in different stages of disease activity)compared to healthy children.METHODS Fecal samples were collected from patients:With active,newly diagnosed CD(n=50);active but previously diagnosed and treated CD(n=16);non-active CD and who were in clinical remission(n=39)and from healthy volunteers(n=40).Fungal DNA was isolated from the samples.Next,next generation sequencing(MiSeq,Illumina)was performed.The composition of mycobiota was correlated with clinical and blood parameters.RESULTS Candida spp.were overrepresented in CD patients,while in the control group,the most abundant genus was Saccharomyces.In CD patients,the percentage of Malassezia was almost twice that of the control(P<0.05).In active CD patients,we documented a higher abundance of Debaryomyces hansenii(D.hansenii)compared to the non-active CD and control(P<0.05)groups.Moreover,statistically significant changes in the abundance of Mycosphaerella,Rhodotorula,and Microidium were observed.The analyses at the species level and linear discriminant analysis showed that in each group it was possible to distinguish a specific species characteristic of a given patient population.Moreover,we have documented statistically significant correlations between:D.hansenii and patient age(negative);C.zeylanoides and patient age(positive);C.dubliniensis and calprotectin(positive);C.sake and calprotectin(positive);and C.tropicalis and pediatric CD activity index(PCDAI)(positive).CONCLUSION Mycobiome changes in CD patients,and the positive correlation of some species with calprotectin or PCDAI,give strong evidence that fungi may be of key importance in the development of CD.

关键词： Intestinal mycobiome Fungi Crohn’s disease Inflammatory bowel disease Next generation sequencing Molecular microbiology

Anti-BCMA novel therapies for multiple myeloma

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2023年第1期6卷 169-181页

作者： Vincenzo Sammartano marta Franceschini Sara Fredducci Federico Caroni Sara Ciofini Paola Pacelli Monica Bocchia Alessandro Gozzetti Department of Medicine Surgery and NeuroscienceUniversity of SienaAzienda Ospedaliero Universitaria SeneseSiena 53100Italy.

Recent advances in multiple myeloma therapy have increased the depth of response and ultimately survivals;however,the prognosis remains poor.The BCMA antigen is highly expressed in myeloma cells,thus representing a target for novel therapies.Several agents that target BCMA through different mechanisms,including bispecific T cell engagers drug conjugated to antibody and CAR-T cells,are now available or under development.Immunotherapies targeting BCMA have shown good results in efficacy and safety in multiple myeloma patients previously treated with several lines of therapy.This review will discuss the recent development of anti-BCMA targeted treatments in myeloma,with a special focus on currently available agents.

关键词： Multiple myeloma BCMA belantamab teclistamab CART

Germ-free, carefree: injured skin uses IL-24 to kick-start repair independent of pathogen-recognition

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第11期8卷 5129-5131页

作者： Ruben A.Ferrer marta Torregrossa Sandra Franz Department of Dermatology Allergology and VenerologyUniversity LeipzigLeipzigGermany

Skin injury releases damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)represented by tissue-components and intracellular contents as well as changes in the levels of certain molecules and metabolites that signal the“non-homeostatic”state of the tissue.In addition,microorganisms entering a wound release molecules,which are sensed as“non-self”(pathogen-associated molecular patterns,PAMPs).Together,DAMPs and PAMPs initiate a complex and coordinated repair process aimed at restoring homeostasis.The exciting work from Liu et al.reports of an additional novel mechanism by which a“non-homeostatic”state in murine cutaneous wounds elicits a response through IL-24 to mediate repair(Fig.1).

关键词： wound homeostasis release

Antimicrobial potential of aqueous coffee extracts against pathogens and Lactobacillus species:A food matrix application

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 1142-1149页

作者： Luiza Andrea Canci marta de Toledo Benassi Cristiane Canan Daneysa Lahis Kalschne Eliane Colla Departamento de Alimentos Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáAvenida Brasil4232Bairro Independência85884-000MedianeiraPRBrazil Centro de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Estadual de LondrinaRodovia Celso Garcia Cid PR 445 Km 38086057-970LondrinaParanáBrazil

Coffee is recognized by its bioactive potential,mainly antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobioal potential of aqueous extracts of Coffea arabica(AR)(roasted)and Coffea canephora[roasted(CR)and green(CG)]against patogens Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli,and probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus.Firstly,the strain's sensitivity were tested by disk diffusion method,followed by the evaluation of growth kinetics(lag phase duration,maximum specific growth rate and logarithmic increase in the population)in culture media and in a food matrix(milk)by the adjustment of Gompertz predictive model.In the step of strain sensivity tests,S.Typhimurium and E.coli were sensitive against all coffee extracts from 0.5%to 5.0%,while the Lactobacilli growth were not affected.In the growth kinetic tests in culture media,roasted coffees extracts reduced logarithmic increase in the population and maximum specific growth rate and improved lag phase for S.Typhimurium;for E.coli the growth was completely inhibited with 2.5%CR and 5.0%AR.The correlations between growth parameters with coffee bioactive contents suggested that melanoidins had the main antimicrobial effect.In the step of food matrix application(growth kinetics in milk),the addition of 5.0%CR reduced S.Typhimurium and E.coli multiplication,while the probiotics L.plantarum and L.rhamnosus where not inhibetd,suggesting a selective effect of coffee extracts as an antimicrobial agent,which may be of great interest for the food industry,especially for probiotic foods application.

关键词： Coffea arabica Coffea canephora Escherichia coli Green coffee Roasted coffee Salmonella Typhimurium

UGT76B1 controls the growth-immunity trade-off during systemic acquired resistance

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Molecular Plant 2021年第4期14卷 544-546页

作者： marta Pastorczyk-Szlenkier Pawei Bednarek Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of SciencesNoskowskiego 12/1461-704 PoznanPoland

Higher plants evolved multiple innate immune systems to combat pathogens present in their living environment.However,activation of the complex immune responses allocates nutrient resources into biosynthesis of various defense molecules,and this in turn often represses growth and development of the entire plant.Over the years,the significance of the effective coregulation of growth and immunity has been demonstrated with dwarf phenotypes of autoimmune mutant lines of model plants displaying constitutive defense responses(van Wersch et al.,2016).This tightly regulated balance,termed the growthimmunity trade-off,is an important objective in plant breeding,which ultimately aims at plant cultivars that are both highly resistant and efficient in terms of growth and yield(Ning et al.,2017).

关键词： breeding cultivar dwarf

Influence of methyl donor nutrients as epigenetic regulators in colorectal cancer:A systematic review of observational studies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第7期29卷 1219-1234页

作者： Lourdes Pilar Chávez-Hidalgo Silvia Martín-Fernández-de-Labastida Marian M de Pancorbo marta Arroyo-Izaga Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUVitoria-Gasteiz 01006Araba/ÁlavaSpain Department of Z.and Cellular Biology A. University of the Basque Country UPV/EHUVitoria-Gasteiz 01006Araba/ÁlavaSpain BIOMICs Research Group MICROFLUIDICs and BIOMICs Cluster UPV/EHULascaray Research CenterUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUVitoria-Gasteiz 01006Araba/ÁlavaSpain

BACKGROUND Dietary methyl donors might influence DNA methylation during carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer(CRC).However,whether the influence of methyl donor intake is modified by polymorphisms in such epigenetic regulators is still unclear.AIM To improve the current understanding of the molecular basis of CRC.METHODS A literature search in the Medline database,Reference Citation Analysis(https://***/),and manual reference screening were performed to identify observational studies published from inception to May 2022.RESULTS A total of fourteen case-control studies and five cohort studies were identified.These studies included information on dietary methyl donors,dietary components that potentially modulate the bioavailability of methyl groups,genetic variants of methyl metabolizing enzymes,and/or markers of CpG island methylator phenotype and/or microsatellite instability,and their possible interactions on CRC risk.CONCLUSION Several studies have suggested interactions between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms,methyl donor nutrients(such as folate)and alcohol on CRC risk.Moreover,vitamin B6,niacin,and alcohol may affect CRC risk through not only genetic but also epigenetic regulation.Identification of specific mechanisms in these interactions associated with CRC may assist in developing targeted prevention strategies for individuals at the highest risk of developing CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer DNA methylation Epigenetics Methyl donors Microsatellite instability Nutrients

The spectrum of pneumatosis intestinalis in the adult.A surgical dilemma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第4期15卷 553-565页

作者： Giuseppe Tropeano marta Di Grezia Caterina Puccioni Valentina Bianchi Gilda Pepe Valeria Fico Gaia Altieri Giuseppe Brisinda Emergency Surgery and Trauma Center Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Department of Surgery UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy

Pneumatosis intestinalis(PI) is a striking radiological diagnosis. Formerly a rare diagnostic finding, it is becoming more frequently diagnosed due to the wider availability and improvement of computed tomography scan imaging. Once associated only with poor outcome, its clinical and prognostic significance nowadays has to be cross-referenced to the nature of the underlying condition.Multiple mechanisms of pathogenesis have been debated and multiple causes have been detected during the years. All this contributes to creating a broad range of clinical and radiological presentations. The management of patients presenting PI is related to the determining cause if it is identified. Otherwise, in particular if an association with portal venous gas and/or pneumoperitoneum is present, the eventual decision between surgery and non-operative management is challenging,even for stable patients, since this clinical condition is traditionally associated to intestinal ischemia and consequently to pending clinical collapse if not treated.Considering the wide variety of origin and outcomes, PI still remains for surgeons a demanding clinical entity. The manuscript is an updated narrative review and gives some suggestions that may help make the decisional process easier,identifying patients who can benefit from surgical intervention and those who can benefit from non-operative management avoiding unnecessary procedures.

关键词： Pneumatosis intestinalis Risk factors Treatment Portal venous gas Portomesenteric pneumatosis

Classification of low-density EEG for epileptic seizures by energy and fractal features based on EMD

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2020年第3期34卷 180-190页

作者： Luis Alfredo Moctezuma marta Molinas Department of Engineering Cybernetics Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim 7434Norway

We are here to present a new method for the classification of epileptic seizures from electroencephalogram(EEG) signals.It consists of applying empirical mode decomposition(EMD) to extract the most relevant intrinsic mode functions(IMFs) and subsequent computation of the Teager and instantaneous energy,Higuchi and Petrosian fractal dimension,and detrended fluctuation analysis(DFA) for each IMF.We validated the method using a public dataset of 24 subjects with EEG signals from 22 channels and showed that it is possible to classify the epileptic seizures,even with segments of six seconds and a smaller number of channels(e.g.,an accuracy of0.93 using five channels).We were able to create a general machine-learning-based model to detect epileptic seizures of new subjects using epileptic-seizure data from various subjects,after reducing the number of instances,based on the k-means algorithm.

关键词： epileptic seizure electroencephalograms empirical mode decomposition detrended fluctuation analysis energy distribution fractal dimension

Opposite fates of fructose in the development of metabolic syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第33期18卷 4478-4480页

作者： marta Alegret Juan C Laguna Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry School of Pharmacy University ofBarcelona Institute of Biomedicine 08028 Barcelona Spain Biomedical Network ResearchCentre Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn)08028 Barcelona Spain

This short review comments on the recently published work of Ishimoto et al regarding the opposing effects of fructokinase C and A isoforms on fructoseinduced metabolic syndrome in mice. The framework for the commentary is the preexisting background of epidemiological and experimental data regarding the association between ingestion of fructose, as present in sweetened beverages, and the development of metabolic syndrome. The work of Ishimoto et al clearly confirms the negative effect of fructose on lipid and glucose metabolism, independently from the amount of energy provided by the ingested sugar. It also confirms the absolute requirement of liver fructose metabolism, driven by fructokinase activity, in order to develop the full spectrum of metabolic syndrome alterations.

关键词：代谢综合征果糖激酶实验数据流行病学糖代谢摄入小鼠肝