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Pancreatic plasticity:epigenetic mechanisms and connections to neoplasia

journal of Pancreatology 2019年第4期2卷 131-141页

作者： David charles j. Department of Basic Medical Sciences School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

To counterbalance cellular losses due to age or injury,adult tissues must produce replacement cells appropriate in type and *** different tissues,evolution has arrived at distinct solutions to this problem,depending on the nature of the *** with a large amount of cell turnover,such as the intestine,harbor a dedicated pool of stem cells dedicated to the constant replenishment of lost *** contrast,the pancreas is a relatively quiescent organ that lacks a clear population of resident stem ***,occasional self-duplication appears to be the major form of cellular replacement in the normal *** injury,however,the epigenetic barriers between cell types begin to fall,resulting in cell identity interconversion between multiple cell types in the *** epigenetic basis for these transdifferentiation events,involves the down-regulation of lineage-determining transcription factors specifying 1 cell fate and their replacement with factors specifying the alternate cell *** signals that underpin the switching of transcriptional programs are beginning to be *** important form of pancreatic plasticity,acinar-to-ductal metaplasia,occurs in response to injury-induced inflammatory *** form of metaplasia is associated with pancreatitis,a known risk factor for pancreatic *** resulting ductal structures reactivate signaling pathways associated with embryonic pancreatic progenitors,and have been proposed to contribute to pancreatic *** with a progenitor-like phenotype,in the presence of oncogenic stimuli,these metaplastic ducts are highly sensitive to neoplastic transformation,for reasons that are beginning to come to light.

关键词： Acinar-to-ductal metaplasia Epigenetics Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor Plasticitiy Transcription

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Registry report on prediction by Pocock cardiovascular score of cerebral microemboli acutely following carotid endarterectomy

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第3期3卷 147-152页

作者： Mahmud Saedon Athanasios Saratzis Rachel W S Lee charles E Hutchinson Christopher H E Imray Donald R j Singer Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust NottinghamUK University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust CoventryUK Leicester Royal Infirmary LeicesterUK Yale School of Medicine New HavenConnecticutUSA Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine LondonUK

background Cerebral microemboli may lead to ischaemic neurological complications after carotid endarterectomy(CEA).The association between classical cardiovascular risk factors and acute cerebral microemboli following carotid surgery has not been *** aim of this study was to explore whether an established cardiovascular risk score(Pocock score)predicts the presence of cerebral microemboli acutely after *** and methods Pocock scores were assessed for the 670 patients from the Carotid Surgery Registry(age 71±1(SEM)years,474(71%)male,652(97%)Caucasian)managed from january 2002 to December 2012 in the Regional Vascular Centre at University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust,which serves a population of *** was undertaken in 474(71%)patients for symptomatic carotid stenosis and in 196(25%)asymptomatic patients during the same period.74% of patients were hypertensive,71%were smokers and 49% had *** A high Pocock score(≥2.3%)was significantly associated with evidence of cerebral microemboli acutely following CEA(P=0.039,Mann-Whitney(MW)test).A Pocock score(≥2.3%)did not predict patients who required additional antiplatelet therapy(microemboli signal(MES)rate>50 hour-1:P=0.164,MW test).Receiver operating characteristic analysis also showed that the Pocock score predicts acute postoperative microemboli(area under the curve(AUC)0.546,95%CI 0.502 to 0.590,P=0.039)but not a high rate of postoperative microemboli(MES>50 hour−1:AUC 0.546,95% CI 0.482 to 0.610,P=0.164).A Pocock score≥2.3% showed a sensitivity of 74% for the presence of acute postoperative cerebral microemboli.A Pocock score≥2.3% also showed a sensitivity of 77% and a negative predictive value of 90% for patients who developed a high microembolic rate>50 hour−1 after carotid *** These findings demonstrate that the Pocock score could be used as a clinical tool to identify patients at high risk of developing acute postoperative microemboli.

关键词： cerebral Surgery Registry

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Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness associations with older adolescent cognitive control

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第1期10卷 82-90,I0001页

作者： Tatsuya T.Shigeta Angus A.Leahy jordan j.Smith Narelle Eather David R.Lubans charles H.Hillman Department of Psychology Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of EducationUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Department of Physical Therapy Movement&Rehabilitation SciencesNortheastern UniversityBostonMA 02131USA

Background:Participation in physical activity supports greater cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF),a correlate of cognitive ***,the relationship between muscular fitness(MF)and cognitive control is less *** present study investigated the differential relationship of CRF and MF with cognitive control in older ***:This cross-sectional study involved students(1517 years old,n=541,43%female)from 20 secondary schools who completed tests of inhibition(modified flanker task),working memory(n-back task),CRF(Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run),and MF(standing long jump and push-up test).Multilevel analyses tested the association between CRF or MF and cognitive outcomes while accounting for the influence of the other fitness variable and relevant demographic ***:CRF predicted response accuracy during incongruent flanker trials,the condition requiring greater *** the working memory task,CRF predicted greater target accuracy and greater d’scores on the 1-back task,requiring lesser amounts of working *** the 2-back task,which requires greater amounts of working memory,CRF also predicted greater target and non-target accuracy and d’***,MF did not predict any cognitive outcomes after adjustment for ***:CRF was selectively related to better performance during task conditions that require greater amounts of inhibition and working *** finding suggests that CRF,but not MF,may benefit cognitive control in older *** selective influence of CRF on older adolescents’cognition highlights the value of aerobic physical activity.

关键词： Adolescence Cognition Physical activity Physical fitness

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Mental health status in veterans residing in rural versus non-rural areas: results from the veterans’ health study

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Military Medical Research 2021年第1期8卷 79-89页

作者： joseph j.Boscarino charles R.Figley Richard E.Adams Thomas G.Urosevich H.Lester Kirchner joseph A.Boscarino Clinical Psychology Department William James CollegeNewtonMA 02459USA School of Social Work Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70112USA Department of Sociology Kent State UniversityKentOH 44242USA Ophthalmology Service Geisinger ClinicMount PoconoPA 18344USA Department of Population Health Sciences Geisinger Clinic100 N.Academy Avenue44-00DanvillePA 17822USA

Background: The majority of Veterans Affair(VA) hospitals are in urban areas. We examined whether veterans residing in rural areas have lower mental health service use and poorer mental health ***: Veterans with at least 1 warzone deployment in central and northeastern Pennsylvania were randomly selected for an interview. Mental health status, including posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD), major depression, alcohol abuse and mental health global severity, were assessed using structured interviews. Psychiatric service use was based on self-reported utilization in the past 12 months. Results were compared between veterans residing in rural and non-rural areas. Data were also analyzed using multivariate logistic regression to minimize the influence by confounding ***: A total of 1730 subjects(55% of the eligible veterans) responded to the survey and 1692 of them had complete geocode information. Those that did not have this information(n=38), were excluded from some analyses. Veterans residing in rural areas were older, more often of the white race, married, and experienced fewer stressful events. In comparison to those residing in non-rural areas, veterans residing in rural areas had lower global mental health severity scores;they also had fewer mental health visits. In multivariate logistic regression, rural residence was associated with lower service use, but not with PTSD, major depression, alcohol abuse, and global mental health severity score after adjusting confounding factors(e.g., age, gender, marital status and education).Conclusions: Rural residence is associated with lower mental health service use, but not with poor mental health in veterans with former warzone deployment, suggesting rural residence is possibly protective.

关键词： Veterans Rural Risk factors PTSD Alcohol abuse Depression Service use Census data

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judgments in Language Testing

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考试与评价（初中英语教师版） 2009年第6期 10-14页

作者： j. charles Alderson

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judgments in Language Testing

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考试与评价（初中英语教师版） 2009年第5期 9-12,62页

作者： j.charles Alderson University of Lancaster

Language testing is an area linguistics that combines the professional judgment and the nature of the of applied exercise of about language, learning, achievement of language learning with empirical data about students＇ performances and, by inference, their abilities. This paper addresses the relationship between judgments and empirical data in language testing by reporting on three studies.

关键词：中学英语教学教学方法考试英语教师

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Fudan journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2014年第3期7卷 451-470页

作者： charles Chong-han Wu Department of Political Science University of South Carolina Gambrell Hall 3rd FI 817 HendersonStreet Columbia SC 29208 USA

Studies in this article support the peace-building effects of interest similarity, and we have to re-evaluate the current world peace through a new lens of interest. Previous research has informed us that states with similar security and/or economic interests will experience fewer conflict onsets. This study begins with research treating interest similarity as a ＂facilitating condition for conflict,＂ and argues that in addition to security interest, capitalist economic policies that lead to the deeper integration of an economy into international markets should be considered one of the ultimate driving forces of peace. By discussing a brief description of bilateral peace in the China-Taiwan dyad, this article concludes that the China- Taiwan dyad has less possibility of encountering military conflict if both governments can maintain similarity in their security interests. Moreover, the author distinguishes different models in capitalist peace theory, which include the free-market and the social-market. Accordingly, this article examines three different prestigious capitalist models： trade, capital openness, and contract-intensive economy as social- market theory. The results suggest that the China-Taiwan case is an appropriate case for the trade （Weede, Economic development, social order, and world politics, 1996） and capital openness models （Gartzke, Am j Polit Sci 51（1）： 166-191, 2007）. Future studies need to be more aware of the model chosen for capitalist peace on cross-Strait relations.

关键词： Interest similarity Militarized dispute Capitalist peace Cross-Strait relations Status quo

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Predictors of sperm recovery after cryopreservation n testicular cancer

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Asian journal of Andrology 2016年第1期18卷 35-38页

作者： james M Hotaling Darshan P Patel Christopher Vendryes Natalya A Lopushnyan Angela P Presson Chong Zhang charles H Muller Thomas j Walsh Division of Urology Department of Surgery University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA Department of Urology University of Illinois-Chicago Chicago IL 60612 USA Department of Urology University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Division of Epidemiology Department of Internal Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA

Our objective was to identify predictors of improved postthaw semen quality in men with testicular cancer banking sperm for fertility preservation. We reviewed 173 individual semen samples provided by 67 men with testicular germ cell tumor （TGCT） who cryopreserved sperm before gonadotoxic treatment between 1994 and 2010 at our tertiary university medical center. Our main outcomes measures were independent predictors for the greater postthaw total motile count （TMC） in men with TGCT. Men with NSGCT were more likely to be younger （P 〈 0.01） and had high cancer stage （Ⅱ or Ⅲ, P 〈 0.01） compared with men with seminoma. In our multiple regression model, NSGCT histology, use of density gradient purification, and fresh TMC 〉 median fresh TMC each had increased odds of a postthaw TMC greater than median postthaw TMC. Interestingly, age, advanced cancer stage （11 or III）, rapid freezing protocol, and motility enhancer did not show increased odds of improved postthaw TMC in our models. In conclusion, men with TGCT or poor fresh TMC should consider preserving additional vials （at least 15 vials） before oncologic treatment. Density gradient purification should be routinely used to optimize postthaw TMC in men with TGCT. Larger, randomized studies evaluating cancer stage and various cryopreservation techniques are needed to assist in counseling men with TGCT regarding fertility preservation and optimizing cryosurvival.

关键词： cryopreservation fertility preservation seminoma testicular neoplasms

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Epidemiology of open fractures in sport: One centre's 15-year retrospective study

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World journal of Orthopedics 2017年第7期8卷 545-552页

作者： Alexander M Wood Greg A j Robertson Kirsty Mac Leod Anna Porter charles M Court-Brown Orthopaedic Department Leeds General Infirmary Edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Institute of Naval Medicine Newcastle University Medical School

AIM To describe the epidemiology of sport-related open fractures from one centre's adult patient population over a 15-year period. METHODS A retrospective review of a prospectively-collected database was performed: The database contained information all sport-related open fractures, sustained from 1995 to 2009 in the Edinburgh, Mid and East Lothian *** Over the 15-year period, there were 85 fractures recorded in 84 patients. The annual incidence of open sport-related fractures was 0.01 per 1000 population. The mean age at injury was 29.2 years(range 15-67). There were 70(83%) males and 14 females(17%).The 6 most common sports were soccer(n = 19, 22%), rugby(n = 9, 11%), cycling(n = 8, 9%), hockey(n = 8, 9%); horse riding(n = 6, 7%) and skiing(n = 6, 7%). The five most common anatomical locations were finger phalanges(n = 30, 35%); tibial diaphysis(n = 19, 23%); forearm(n = 12, 14%); ankle(n = 7, 8%) and metacarpals(n = 5, 6%). The mean injury severity score was 7.02. According to the Gustilo-Anderson classification system, 45(53%) fractures were grade 1; 28(33%) fractures were grade 2; 8(9%) fractures were grade 3a; and 4(5%) fractures were grade 3b. Out of the total number of fractures, 7(8%) required plastic surgical intervention as part of management. The types of flaps used were split skin graft(n = 4), fasciocutaneous flaps(n = 2); and adipofascial flap(n = 1). CONCLUSION We analysed the epidemiology of open fractures secondary to sport in one centre over a 15-year period. Soccer and rugby were the most common causative sports while fractures of the finger phalanx and of the tibial diaphysis were the most common sites. Open fractures are uncommon in sport; however, when they are sustained they usually occur on muddy sport fields or forest tracks and therefore must be treated appropriately. It is important that clinicians and sports therapists have knowledge of these injuries, in order to ensure they are managed optimally.

关键词： Open Fracture Sport Epidemiology Injury Trauma

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Delivery of Cas9 Protein into Mouse Zygotes through a Series of Electroporation Dramatically Increases the Efficiency of Model Creation

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journal of Genetics and Genomics 2016年第5期43卷 319-327页

作者： Wenbo Wang Peter M.Kutny Shannon L.Byers charles j.Longstaff Michael j.DaCosta Changhong Pang Yingfan Zhang Robert A.Taft Frank W.Buaas Haoyi Wang The jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor ME 04609 USA State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Previously we established Zygote Electroporation of Nucleases（ZEN） technology as an efficient and high-throughput way to generate genetically modified mouse ***,there were significant variations of the targeting efficiency among different genomic loci using our previously published *** this study,we improved the ZEN technology by delivering Cas9 protein into mouse zygotes through a series of *** this approach,we were able to introduce precise nucleotide substitutions,large segment deletion and short segment insertion into targeted loci with high efficiency.

关键词： CRISPR-Cas9 Electroporation Mouse zygote

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