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Cortical hem signaling center: functions, development, and potential implications for evolution and brain disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1079-1080页

作者： Victor V.Chizhikov Igor y.Iskusnykh Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical *** such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic development at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our knowledge about the developmental roles of the cortical hem is derived from the analysis in *** cortical hem produces several types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)*** cortical hem is particularly important for the development of the hippocampus,which is involved in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behavior and higher cognitive functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-Valle-Anton and Borrell,2022).

关键词： epithelium Figure center

Exercise preconditioning alleviates ischemia-induced memory deficits by increasing circulating adiponectin

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1445-1454页

作者： Meifeng Zheng Borui Zhang Sonata S y yau Kwok-Fai So Li Zhang Haining Ou Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration(Ministry of Education) Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Exercise and Brain Science School of PsychologyShanghai University of SportShanghaiChina Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina

Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug *** exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after *** this study,we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral *** also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these *** mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery *** found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area,inhibited gliogenesis,protected synaptic proteins,and improved novel object and spatial memory *** analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of *** activation of adiponectin receptors by Adipo Ron mimicked the effects of exercise,while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise *** summary,our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.

关键词： adiponectin cerebral ischemia exercise pre-conditioning hippocampus memory function middle cerebral artery occlusion prefrontal cortex synaptic proteins treadmill exercise

Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon J.Brown Rafael J.yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

Plastic deformation behavior of Mg97Zn1y2 extruded alloys

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2010年第7期20卷 1259-1268页

作者： K.HAGIHARA A.KINOSHITA y.SUGINO M.yAMASAKI y.KAWAMURA H.y.yASUDA y.UMAKOSHI Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2-1Yamada-okaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Department of Materials Science Kumamoto University2-39-1KurokamiKumamoto 860-8555Japan National Institute for Materials Science 1-2-1SengenTsukubaIbaraki 305-0047Japan

The mechanical properties of the Mg97Znly2 extruded alloy containing the long-period stacking ordered phase, the so-called LPSO-phase, with a volume fraction of 24%-25%, were examined by compression tests and cyclic tension-compression deformation tests. The plastic behavior of the extruded alloys with compositions of Mg99.2Zn0.2y0.6 and Mg89Zn4y7 （molar fraction, %）, which were almost the same compositions of Mg matrix phase and LPSO phase in Mg97Zn1y2 Mg/LPSO two-phase alloy, respectively, were also prepared. By comparing their mechanical properties, the strengthening mechanisms operating in the Mg97Zn1 y2 extruded alloy were discussed. Existence of the LPSO-phase strongly enhanced the refinement of Mg matrix grain size during extrusion, which led to a large increment of the strength of alloy. In addition, the LPSO-phases, which were aligned along the extrusion direction in Mg97Zn1y2 extruded alloy, acted as hardening phases, just like reinforced fibers.

关键词： plastic deformation yield stress LPSO-phase dislocation twinning

Ultrasonic solidification mechanism and optimized application performances of ternary Mg_(71.5)Zn_(26.1)y_(2.4) alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第10期11卷 3829-3839页

作者： y.J.Hu J.y.Wang W.Zhai B.Wei School of Physical Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

One dimensional(1D) and three dimensional(3D) ultrasound sources were applied to the solidification process of Mg_(71.5)Zn_(26.1)y_(2.4) *** acoustic spectra were in-situ measured, based on which the cavitation intensities and dynamic solidification mechanism were further investigated. With the increase of ultrasonic dimension and amplitude, the primary Mg_(3)Zn_(6)y phase was significantly refined from petals to nearly pentagonal shape. The sound field measurements showed that the transient cavitation played a decisive role in generating a high local undercooling, which facilitated the formation of icosahedral clusters and promoted the nucleation of primary Mg_(3)Zn_(6)y phase. The morphological transition of(α-Mg+Mg_(3)Zn_(6)y) eutectic from lamellar to anomalous structure occurred under 3D ultrasonic condition. The stable cavitation took the main responsibility because the high pressure excited by nonlinearly oscillating bubbles induced the preferential nucleation of α-Mg phase rather than Mg_(3)Zn_(6)y phase. As compared with its static values, the tensile strength and compression plasticity of this alloy were increased by the factors of 1.9 and 2.1, and its corrosion resistance was also improved with the corrosion current density decreased by one order of magnitude.

关键词： Three dimensional ultrasounds Quasicrystalline Mg_(3)Zn_(6)y phase Anomalous eutectic Mechanical performances Corrosion resistance

Weibull analysis of fluidity and hardness of ultrasonical y degassed secondary Al7Si0.3Mg aluminum alloy

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China Foundry 2019年第5期16卷 352-357页

作者： ?a?lar yüksel Atatürk University Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

The influence of ultrasonic degassing process on fluidity and hardness of secondary Al7Si0.3Mg alloy castings was studied by Weibull analysis. This work makes a contribution about fluidity and hardness distribution of secondary aluminum alloys with ultrasonic degassing phenomena using a two-parameter form of Weibull analysis. Results show that both hardness and fluidity of alloy are improved after the ultrasonic degassing process. Average efficiency of ultrasonic degassing on fluidity measurements is 31.71%, whereas on hardness values is 8.48%. The Brinell hardness of 45.7 and fluidity of 19.5 of Weibull modulus were achieved as the most reliable and reproducible after 45 s ultrasonic degassing process against 15 s and 30 s ultrasonic degassing processes. The value of 70.08 HB is obtained from ultrosonic degassing, which is equivalent to sand casting of primary Al7Si0.3Mg aluminum alloy, and the highest value of 56.4 cm for 45 s after ultrasonic degassing of fluidity was measured.

关键词： Weibull analysis Weibull modulus ultrasonic degassing fluidity hardness aluminum

Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of the hot extruded Mg-Zn-y-Nd alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第1期60卷 44-55页

作者： B.N.Du Z.y.Hu L.y.Sheng D.K.Xu y.X.Qiao B.J.Wang J.Wang y.F.Zheng T.F.Xi Shenzhen Institute Peking UniversityShenzhen 518057China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003China Shenzhen yezhan Electronics Co. LtdShenzhen 518110China

A new type of Mg-Zn-y-Nd alloy for degradable orthopedic implants was *** the present study,the Zn and y content was adjusted and their influences on the microstructures and mechanical behaviors were discussed in *** results showed that the as-extruded Mg-Zn-y-Nd alloys are mainly composed of fine dynamic recrystallized grains(DRXed grains),la rge unDRXed grains and linearly distributed secondary *** cha nge of Zn content exerts little influence on the grain structure of the extruded Mg-Zn-y-Nd alloy,while the increase of y content would hinder the dynamic recrystallization process and the growth of the DRXed grains,thus the size and volume fraction of the equiaxed DRXed grains *** tensile and compressive properties are very little affected by Zn content because of the similar grain *** y content increases,the tensile yield strength(TyS) and ultimate strength(TUS) increase while the elongation decreases,this is caused by a combined strengthening effect of grain refinement,texture,precipitation and *** compressive yield strength(CyS) and ultimate strength(CUS) of Mg-Zn-y-Nd alloy with diffe rent y content exhibit a similar tendency as the tensile test.

关键词： Mg-Zn-y-Nd alloy Microstructure Tensile properties Compressive properties Basal texture Twin

Advances in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder:Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cell transplantation

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第1期15卷 72-79页

作者： Serdar Kabatas ErdinçCivelek Eyüp Can Savrunlu Umut Karaaslan Özlem yıldız Erdal Karaöz Department of Neurosurgery University of Health Sciences TurkeyGaziosmanpaşa Training and Research HospitalIstanbul 34255Türkiye Department of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology Institute of Health Sciences Marmara UniversityIstanbul 34865Türkiye Center for Stem Cell&Gene Therapy Research and Practice University of Health Sciences TurkeyIstanbul 34255Türkiye Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Health SciencesGaziosmanpaşa Training and Research HospitalIstanbul 34255Türkiye Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Kocaeli University Faculty of MedicineKocaeli 41001Türkiye Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research&Manufacturing Liv HospitalIstanbul 34340Türkiye Department of Histology and Embryology Istinye UniversityFaculty of MedicineIstanbul 34010Türkiye Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research and Practice Istinye UniversityIstanbul 34340Türkiye

BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifaceted *** recent studies,neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation have come to the forefront in its *** are studies suggesting that stem cell therapy may be effective in the treatment of *** To evolve the landscape of ASD treatment,focusing on the potential benefits and safety of stem cell *** A detailed case report is presented,displaying the positive outcomes observed in a child who underwent intrathecal and intravenous Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)transplantation combined with *** The study demonstrates a significant improvement in the child’s functional outcomes(Childhood Autism Rating Scale,Denver 2 Developmental Screening Test),especially in language and gross motor *** serious side effects were encountered during the 2-year *** The findings support the safety and effectiveness of WJ-MSC transplantation in managing ASD.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Neurorehabilitation Stem cell transplantation Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cells Inflammation

CHARACTERIZATION OF Si_(1-x-y)Ge_xC_y FILMS GROWN By ION IMPLANTATION AND SUBSEQUENT SOLID PHASE EPITAXy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2002年第1期15卷 49-52页

作者： X.Q. Liu y.y. Wang W.J. Cheng J. Zhang S.y. Ma Department of Physics Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Department of Physics Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Department of physics Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730030 China

Si1-x-yGexCy ternary alloy films were grown on monocrystalline silicon substrates by C+ ion implantation and subsequent solid phase epitaxy (SPE). Two-step annealing technique was employed in the SPE. The structure and electrical properties of the alloy films were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and van der Pauw Hall measurements, respectively. With the optimization of two-step annealing technique for the implanted Si1-x-yGexCy layers, a certain amount of C atoms occupied substitutional sites and no SiC was formed.

关键词： Si1-x-yGexCu film ion implantation SPE