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Task sharing in psychotherapy as a viable global mental health approach in resource-poor countries and also in high-resource settings

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Global Health Journal 2021年第3期5卷 120-127页

作者： Klaus W.lange Institute of Psychology Urtiversiiy of RegensburgRegensburgBavaria 93040Germany

A global disparity exists between the burden of mental ill-health and the resources available to address this *** mental disorders,such as mild-to-moderate depression,anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder,are associated with a significant decline in health and functioning and contribute significantly to the overall burden of *** view of a shortage of mental health professionals in most low-and middle-income countries,task sharing(task shifting)can make an important contribution to improving access to mental health *** sharing involves non-specialists in the delivery of health *** use of lay health workers is premised on the assumption that the shorter training required for non professionals will allow an increase in the provision of required care without the need for an increase in resources and will strengthen and scale-up sustainable health *** need for low-tech support in the management of conunon mental disorders is widespread,and the core resource is humans trained to identify and treat those requiring mental health *** is a strong evidence base for the effectiveness of task sharing in psychotherapy,and talk therapies,*** behavioral therapy,can easily be delegated to non-specialists,including non-specialist health workers,peer helpers and lay people.A(cost-)effective model of mental health care in low-resource settings as well as in high-income countries may include the medical school-based training of some psychiatrists and clinical psychologists in the treatment of referred patients with serious mental *** professional mental health specialists would also be trainers and supervisors of non-specialist health workers who would identify common mental health disorders and provide psychotherapy to people with these conditions in a community-based ***-based generalism including task sharing rather than centralized specialism may be capable of preventing and treating many

关键词： Mental health care Poor-resource settings Task sharing Psychotherapy Cognitive behavioral therapy

Medical foods in Alzheimer’s disease

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2019年第1期8卷 1-7页

作者： Klaus W.lange Jianjun Guo Shigehiko Kanaya Katharina M.lange Yukiko Nakamura Shiming Li Department of Experimental Psychology University of Regensburg93040 RegensburgGermany China Institute of Sport Science BeijingChina Graduate School of Information Science Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaJapan Department of Psychology University of WinchesterWinchesterUnited Kingdom Department of Food Science Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most prevalent cause of dementia *** achieving a marked improvement in symptoms or preventing or delaying the progression of the disease are not *** diet-related risk factors for AD have been *** for a protective effect of the Mediterranean diet on AD risk is *** foods are designed to meet specific dietary needs for certain *** in symptomatology and regional brain atrophy in AD have been claimed for several medical foods,for example,those providing ketone bodies as alternative energy supply to neurons,those containing precursors believed to improve synaptic function,and those addressing oxidative stress related to memory *** methodological shortcomings render the interpretation of the available findings of medical food trials in AD *** results of medical foods in AD may be expected when administered in presymptomatic or early stages of the *** requires the reliable identification of minimal neuropathological changes related to *** outcome measures currently used may not be able to detect subtle changes in cognition and function in early ***-scale clinical studies using valid,sensitive,and reliable assessment tools are needed to establish the efficacy of medical foods in AD.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Ketogenic diet Medical foods Mediterranean diet Nutrition

Methodology to develop machine learning algorithms to improve performance in gastrointestinal endoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第45期24卷 5057-5062页

作者： Thomas de lange Pal Halvorsen Michael Riegler Department of Transplantation Oslo University HospitalOslo 0424Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine University of OsloOslo 0316Norway Center for Digital Engineering Simula Metropolitan Fornebu 1364Norway

Assisted diagnosis using artificial intelligence has been a holy grail in medical research for many years, and recent developments in computer hardware have enabled the narrower area of machine learning to equip clinicians with potentially useful tools for computer assisted diagnosis(CAD) systems. However, training and assessing a computer's ability to diagnose like a human are complex tasks, and successful outcomes depend on various factors. We have focused our work on gastrointestinal(GI) endoscopy because it is a cornerstone for diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the GI tract. About 2.8 million luminal GI(esophageal, stomach, colorectal) cancers are detected globally every year, and although substantial technical improvements in endoscopes have been made over the last 10-15 years, a major limitation of endoscopic examinations remains operator variation. This translates into a substantial inter-observer variation in the detection and assessment of mucosal lesions, causing among other things an average polyp miss-rate of 20% in the colon and thus the subsequent development of a number of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancers. CAD systems might eliminate this variation and lead to more accurate diagnoses. In this editorial, we point out some of the current challenges in the development of efficient computer-based digital assistants. We give examples of proposed tools using various techniques, identify current challenges, and give suggestions for the development and assessment of future CAD systems.

关键词： Endoscopy Artificial intelligence Deep learning Computer assisted diagnosis Gastrointestinal

Highly Fuel-Efficient Transmission and Propulsion Concepts

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Automotive Innovation 2018年第1期1卷 35-42页

作者： Ferit Küçükay Andreas lange Lin Li Institute of Automotive Engineering(IAE) Technische Universität Braunschweig38106 BraunschweigGermany

The integration of one or more electricmachines into the drivetrain has resulted inmany different powertrain concepts in recent years,ranging from the P2 hybrid to dedicated hybrid transmission(DHT).Two types of DHT with different characteristics are *** first type is the power split hybrid(PS-DHT),which has very low mechanical complexity but needs high electrical effort in the *** second type is multi-mode DHT(MM-DHT),which has a slightly higher mechanical complexity but much less electrical effort when compared with the PS-DHT.A transmission synthesis is used to determine the concept of the *** three different powertrain concepts(i.e.,P2,PS-DHT,and MM-DHT)are analyzed and evaluated regarding fuel economy and *** driving cycles(e.g.,Worldwide Harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure)and the 3D method(driver,driven vehicle,driving environs)are used to investigate the drivetrain in the context of real driving *** show that the two DHT concepts offer better fuel economy than the P2 hybrid drivetrain while still providing the same or even better driving *** study also shows that new hybrid concepts created with transmission synthesis can lead to further improvements in hybrid powertrains.

关键词： Dedicated hybridtransmission Three-dimensional method Drivetraindesign Fuel economy Drivingperformance

Diet and medical foods in Parkinson’s disease

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2019年第2期8卷 83-95页

作者： Klaus W.lange Yukiko Nakamura Ning Chen Jianjun Guo Shigehiko Kanaya Katharina M.lange Shiming Li Department of Experimental Psychology University of RegensburgRegensburgGermany Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and MonitoringCollege of Health ScienceWuhan Sports UniversityWuhanChina China Institute of Sport Science BeijingChina Graduate School of Information Science Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaJapan Department of Psychology University of WinchesterWinchesterUnited Kingdom Department of Food Science Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder with motor and non-motorsigns, which begins long before the diagnosis can be made. Pharmacotherapy with dopaminergic drugsis the mainstay of PD therapy. There is no currently available cure or disease-modifying treatment. Dietand various foods have been proposed as possible risk factors for PD. Nutritional supplementation withomega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, B vitamins, and coenzyme Q may have potential in the management ofPD. In addition, several strategies could possibly lead to the development of medical foods in PD. Forexample, ketogenic diets may have effects complementary to pharmacotherapy. Gut microbial dysbiosisand altered microbial metabolites found in PD may lead to chronic low-grade inflammation in gut andbrain. Interventions targeting gut microbiota, such as the supplementation of probiotics, may providenovel approaches to PD in regard to both symptomatic treatment and disease modification. High qualityrandomized controlled trials need to be conducted in order to evaluate whether these food-basedstrategies have symptomatic efficacy or the potential to delay the progression of PD.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease Diet Medical food Ketogenic diet Probiotics Prevention

Prime time for base editing in the mitochondria

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第8期7卷 2630-2631页

作者： Michael A.Morgan Lucas lange Axel Schambach Institute of Experimental Hematology Hannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine Hannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany Division of Hematology/Oncology Boston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

A recent study published in Cell by the Kim lab represents a great advance towards expanding DNA editing possibilities to mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)as they show reasonable targeted A-to-G conversions in human mtDNA using base editors to broaden the arsenal of available tools.1 Mutations in mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)are linked to several diseases(Fig.1),thus,development of gene therapy and editing approaches could lead to curative options for patients suffering from these *** this direction,gene editing tools such as zinc-finger nucleases(mitoZFN),transcription activator-like effector nucleases(mitoTALENs)and meganucleases(mitoARCUS)were shown to eliminate mutant mtDNA and shift heteroplasmy.

关键词： diseases base curative

Detection of NH_(2) Radical in Ammonia Radio-Frequency Plasmas by Laser-Induced Resonance Fluorescence

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Chinese Physics Letters 2001年第7期18卷 939-941页

作者： GONG Xue-Yu X.R.Duan H.lange A.A.Meyer-Plath Department of Technological Physics Nanhua UniversityHengyang 421001 Institute of Low Temperature Plasma Physics Greifswald17489 Germany

By means of one photon absorption laser-induced resonance fluorescence at 599.5 nm the relative concentrations of amidogen(NH_(2))radical in the ammonia(NH_(3))radio-frequency(rf)plasma source were measured under different discharge pressures and rf *** time dependence of the fluorescence which comes from the radiation 101-211 of the P-branches of the Σ vibronic sub-bands can be described by a single-exponential *** decay time of NH_(2)(A2A1)Σ(0,9,0)rovibronic state was *** spatial dependence of the NH_(2) density in discharge tube was measured.

关键词： decay Ammonia Fluorescence

Lichen species dominance and the resulting photosynthetic behavior of Sonoran Desert soil crust types(Baja California,Mexico)

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 64-72页

作者： Burkhard Büdel Mercedes Vivas Otto L lange Plant Ecology and Systematics Biology DepartmentUniversity of KaiserslauternP.O.Box 3049D-67653KaiserslauternGermany Department of Plant Science Faculty of PharmacyUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Plaza Ramóny Cajal28040MadridSpain Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften University of WürzburgJulius-von-Sachs-Platz 3D-97082WürzburgGermany.

Introduction:Lichen dominated biological soil crusts(BSCs)occur over large areas in the Sonoran Desert of the southwestern USA and northwest *** Baja California BSCs show a distinct patchiness and several types can be *** chlorolichen-and two cyanolichen-dominated BSCs were *** hypothesize that patchiness and the resulting domination of certain functional lichen groups will result in patchiness of photosynthetic CO_(2)-uptake related to environmental factors as ***:Four different soil crust samples were placed in cuvettes and their CO_(2) exchange was recorded in an open system with an infrared gas *** blown over the BSCs had a controlled CO_(2) content of 350 *** cuvettes were operated in *** CO2 exchange was continually recorded throughout the ***:Besides the dominating chlorolichens Psora decipiens and Placidium squamulosum and the cyanolichens Peltula patellata and ***,several other lichen species and 12 cyanobacterial species were found in the biological soil crusts *** chlorolichen BSCs already gained positive net photosynthesis with high air humidity alone,while the cyanolichen types did not,but showed smaller CO_(2)-uptake depression after water *** specific net photosynthesis responses to mode of hydration and to crust water content seem to correlate with precipitation characteristics of their ***:Species specific photosynthetic performance related to activation of respiration and net photosynthesis as well as to crust water content help to explain niche occupation and species composition of *** functional types have to be considered when they have a patchy distribution.

关键词： Biological soil crust Lichens Cyanobacteria Photosy

Back to pluripotency:fully chemically induced reboot of human somatic cells

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第8期7卷 2658-2659页

作者： Lucas lange Miguel A.Esteban Axel Schambach Institute of Experimental Hematology Hannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine Hannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany Laboratory of Integrative Biology Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510530China Division of Hematology/Oncology Boston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

In a recent study published in Nature,Guan et al.1 showed an exciting strategy to reprogram human somatic cells into human chemically induced pluripotent stem cells(hCiPSCs).Thereby,they identified crucial steps and p... 详细信息

关键词： al. chemically steps