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Need for operational simplicity and timely disbursal of benefits—a qualitative exploration of the implementation of a direct benefit transfer scheme for persons w.th tuberculosis in India

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第3期13卷 1-15页

作者： Mohan Malu Thangaraj Jeromie w. V. Pandey Sumit Priya G. Sri Lakshmi Arunachalam Sivavallinathan Sharma Rahul Shew.de Hemant Deepak Aishw.rya b. Afeeq K. Khatoon Afsana Gokulvijay b. Sireesha Gude Chandra Kavita Nandhakumar S. Samuel Prince Visw.nathan C. Nanditha Shanmugasundaram Devika Rao Raghuram Murhekar Manoj V. Jeyashree Kathiresan Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology R-127 TNHB Ayapakkam Chennai Tamil Nadu India Tb Support Netw.rk WHO Country Office for India New Delhi India Central Tuberculosis Division Government of India New Delhi India

background Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana (NPY) is a direct benefit transfer scheme of the Government of India introduced in 2018 to support the additional nutritional requirements of persons w.th Tb (Pw.b). Our recent nationw.de evaluation of implementation and utilization of NPY using programmatic data of Pw.b from nine randomly selected Indian states, reported a 70% coverage and high median delay in benefit credit. w. undertook a qualitative study betw.en January and July 2023, to understand the detailed implementation process of NPY and explore the enablers and barriers to effective implementation and utilization of the NPY *** w. follow.d a grounded theory approach to inductively develop theoretical explanations for social phenomena through data generated from multiple sources. w. conducted 36 in-depth interview. of national, district and field-level staff of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) and NPY beneficiaries from 30 districts across nine states of India, selected using theoretical sampling. An analytical framew.rk developed through inductive coding of a set of six interview., guided the coding of the subsequent interview.. Categories and themes emerged through constant comparison and the data collection continued until theoretical *** Stakeholders perceived NPY as a beneficial initiative. Strong political commitment from the state administration, mainstreaming of NTEP w.rk w.th the district public healthcare delivery system, availability of good geographic and internet connectivity and state-specific grievance redressal mechanisms and innovations w.re identified as enablers of implementation. How.ver, the complex, multi-level benefit approval process, difficulties in accessing banking services, perceived inadequacy of benefits and overw.rked human resources in the NTEP w.re identified as barriers to implementation and *** The optimal utilization of NPY is enabled by strong political commitment and

关键词： National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme Nutritional status Direct benefit transfer Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana Implementation Cash transfer scheme Grounded theory India

Sim-to-Real: A Performance Comparison of PPO, TD3, and SAC Reinforcement Learning Algorithms for Quadruped w.lking Gait Generation

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Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications 2024年第2期16卷 23-43页

作者： James w. Mock Suresh S. Muknahallipatna Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Wyoming Laramie WY USA

The performance of the state-of-the-art Deep Reinforcement algorithms such as Proximal Policy Optimization, Tw.n Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient, and Soft Actor-Critic for generating a quadruped w.lking gait in a virtual environment w.s presented in previous research w.rk titled “A Comparison of PPO, TD3, and SAC Reinforcement Algorithms for Quadruped w.lking Gait Generation”. w. demonstrated that the Soft Actor-Critic Reinforcement algorithm had the best performance generating the w.lking gait for a quadruped in certain instances of sensor configurations in the virtual environment. In this w.rk, w. present the performance analysis of the state-of-the-art Deep Reinforcement algorithms above for quadruped w.lking gait generation in a physical environment. The performance is determined in the physical environment by transfer learning augmented by real-time reinforcement learning for gait generation on a physical quadruped. The performance is analyzed on a quadruped equipped w.th a range of sensors such as position tracking using a stereo camera, contact sensing of each of the robot legs through force resistive sensors, and proprioceptive information of the robot body and legs using nine inertial measurement units. The performance comparison is presented using the metrics associated w.th the w.lking gait: average forw.rd velocity (m/s), average forw.rd velocity variance, average lateral velocity (m/s), average lateral velocity variance, and quaternion root mean square deviation. The strengths and w.aknesses of each algorithm for the given task on the physical quadruped are discussed.

关键词： Reinforcement Learning Reality Gap Position Tracking Action Spaces Domain Randomization

Effect of Spray Rails on Takeoff Performance of Amphibian Aircraft

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w.rld Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第1期12卷 117-140页

作者： Soham S. bahulekar Alberto w. Mello Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach Florida USA

Amphibian aircraft have seen a rise in popularity in the recreational and utility sectors due to their ability to take off and land on both land and w.ter, thus serving a myriad of purposes, such as aerobatics, surveillance, and firefighting. Such seaplanes must be aerodynamically and hydrodynamically efficient, particularly during the takeoff phase. Naval architects have long employed innovative techniques to optimize the performance of marine vessels, including incorporating spray rails on hulls. This research paper is dedicated to a comprehensive investigation into the potential utilization of spray rails to enhance the takeoff performance of amphibian aircraft. Several spray rail configurations obtained from naval research w.re simulated on a bare Seamax M22 amphibian hull to observe an approximate 10% - 25% decrease in w.ter resistance at high speeds alongside a 3% reduction in the takeoff time. This study serves as a motivation to improve the design of the reference airplane hull and a platform for detailed investigations in the future to improve modern amphibian design.

关键词： Seaplane Spray Rails Hull Optimization Take-Off Performance

Inflow.and outflow.permeability tests in a very soft clay under low.stresses

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第8期16卷 3270-3283页

作者： J.w.S.Vargas F.A.b.Danziger F.R.Lopes T.Lunne Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroBrazil Norw.gian Geotechnical Institute OsloNorway

In situ inflow.and outflow.permeability tests w.th the bAT probe at SarapuíII soft clay test site are presented.A description of the bAT permeability test is provided,discussing its advantages and shortcomings,especially in the case of very soft clays under low.*** pressures w.re monitored during probe installation and w.re found to be slightly low.r than piezocone u2 pore pressures,consistent w.th the position of the *** role of filter tip saturation w.s investigated after the usual saturation procedure provided an unsatisfactory pore pressure response during probe *** show.that the vacuum saturation procedure provides adequate response during installation and increases the reliability of the coefficient of permeability determination in early *** inflow.and outflow.tests yielded similar results,indicating that careful execution of the test can lead to good test repeatability regardless of the loading *** sequences of alternated inflow.and outflow.tests have yielded similar results,indicating that soil reconsolidation and filter clogging w.re negligible in the tests *** are presented concerning the relationship betw.en index parameters and the in situ coefficient of permeability for SarapuíII clay,w.ich plot outside the range of existing databases.

关键词： Permeability test Soft clay bAT probe Inflow.and outflow.tests

Protein-activated atomic layer deposition for robust crude-oil-repellent hierarchical nano-armored membranes

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Science bulletin 2024年第2期69卷 218-226页

作者： Xiaobin Yang Pan Sun Yajie w.n Anil U.Mane Jeffrey w.Elam Jun Ma Shaomin Liu Seth b.Darling Lu Shao MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New.Energy Conversion and Storage State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemont IL 60439USA Applied Materials Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemont IL 60439USA Advanced Materials for Energy-w.ter Systems Energy Frontier Research Center Argonne National LaboratoryLemont IL 60439USA Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of ChicagoChicago IL 60637USA Department of Physics University of Ilinois at ChicagoChicago IL 60607USA School of Environment Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China w. School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityPerth WA 6845Australia

Atomic layer deposition(ALD)offers unique capabilities to fabricate atomically engineered porous materials w.th precise pore tuning and multi-functionalization for diverse applications like advanced membrane separations tow.rds sustainable energy-w.ter ***,current ALD technique is inhibited on most non-polar polymeric membranes due to lack of accessible nucleation ***,w. report a facile method to efficiently promote ALD coating on hydrophobic surface of polymeric membranes via novel protein activation/*** a proof of concept,TiO2 ALD-coated membranes activated by bovine serum albumin exhibit remarkable superhydrophilicity,ultralow.underw.ter crude oil adhesion,and robust tolerance to rigorous environments including acid,alkali,saline,and *** importantly,excellent cyclable crude oil-in-w.ter emulsion separation performance can be *** mechanism for activation/sensitization is rooted in reactivity for a particular set of amino ***,the universality of protein-sensitized ALD is demonstrated using common egg w.ite,promising numerous potential usages in biomedical engineering,environmental remediation,low.arbon manufacturing,catalysis,and beyond.

关键词： Membrane separation Atomic layer deposition w.ter treatment Antifouling

Propofol w.th Varied Functions: A Potential Therapeutic Opportunity for Postoperative Nausea, Vomiting and Pruritus—A Narrative Review

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第2期14卷 13-24页

作者： Thomas w. Anabah Fidelis bayor David Z. Kolbila Terence Kunfire Dakurah Sylvanus Kampo Juventus b. Ziem Anaesthesia Unit Habana Medical Services Tamale Ghana Department of Anaesthesiology Lawra Municipal Hospital Ghana Health Service Lawra Ghana Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Department of Medical Microbiology School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

background: Despite the advances in anesthetics and non-pharmacological techniques, the prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in all patients remains high. It is one of the most common distressing symptoms that cause dissatisfaction among patients after anesthesia and surgery. A sub-hypnotic dose of propofol has been show. to reduce morphine-induced postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pruritus. This review.article w.ll provide sufficient know.edge on the role of propofol in minimizing opioid-induced postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pruritus by providing detailed information on propofol antiemetic and antipruritic effects, as w.ll as discussions based on empirically available data. Method: w. conducted a narrative review.of the literature published betw.en 1990 and 2023 from a range of databases;PubMed, bioMed Central, biosis Preview., Nature, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Springer-Link, and Elsevier. Discussion and Conclusion: The literatures review.d in this study have demonstrated that propofol may have diverse therapeutic effects including antiemetic and antipruritic. The antiemetic effect of propofol may be an effective therapeutic approach for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. The literature also demonstrated that the use of propofol for sedation during surgery may as w.ll ameliorates opioids induced postoperative pruritus, w.ich may be beneficial to surgical patients. Also, it w.s demonstrated that prophylactic use of propofol may be an effective w.y of preventing nausea and vomiting and pruritus during opioid use.

关键词： Propofol Nausea Vomiting Antiemetic Antipruritic Surgery

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综述杂豆酚类化合物多样性的影响因素

中国食品学报 2024年第1期24卷 390-406页

作者：李昱昊宋萧萧聂少平 Cui Steve w. 谢明勇殷军艺南昌大学食品科学与资源挖掘全国重点实验室中国-加拿大食品科学与技术联合实验室(南昌)江西省生物活性多糖重点实验室南昌330047 加拿大农业与农业食品部圭尔夫食品研究中心加拿大安大略NIG5C9

杂豆酚类化合物种类繁多,并影响杂豆的外观、感官特征及营养特性。杂豆酚类化合物多样性是杂豆营养特性研究的重点。本文总结杂豆酚类化合物多样性的影响因素,发现合理的提取与分析方法有利于酚类化合物提取的完整性以及表征的正确性。... 详细信息

杂豆酚类化合物种类繁多,并影响杂豆的外观、感官特征及营养特性。杂豆酚类化合物多样性是杂豆营养特性研究的重点。本文总结杂豆酚类化合物多样性的影响因素,发现合理的提取与分析方法有利于酚类化合物提取的完整性以及表征的正确性。在此基础上,指出种属与产地、生长与贮藏及加工过程影响杂豆酚类化合物的合成、溶出与释放,并促使酚类化合物多样性的形成。最后介绍杂豆酚类化合物多样性的代谢组学技术在杂豆多样性研究方面的贡献与优势,提出今后工作的重点与挑战,以期为杂豆酚类化合物的变化机制、加工利用及育种等提供参考。

关键词：杂豆酚类化合物多样性提取方法定性与定量影响因素

Olympic Games and 24-hour movement behaviors:A match w.rth making

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 728-731页

作者： Mark S.Tremblay Nicholas Kuzik markus J.Duncan Diego Augusto Santos Silva CHEO Research Institute OttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Federal University of Santa Catarina FlorianopolisSanta Catarina 88040-900Brazil

The Olympic motto,“Faster,Higher,Stronger—Together”,represents the pursuit of athletic excellence,united as a global community.“Excellence,respect and friendship”are the Olympic *** the motto and values are multifaceted and holistic in nature,and all-encompassing in their reach w.ile recognizing no single entity rises above the ***,these foundational statements anchor the Olympic movement in its quest to build a better w.rld through sport.

关键词： movement Together pursuit

An electropenetrography w.veform library for the probing and ingestion behaviors of Culex tarsalis on human hands

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1165-1186页

作者： Anastasia M.w.Cooper Samuel b.Jameson Victoria Pickens Cameron Osborne Elaine A.backus Kristopher Silver Dana N.Mitzel Department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Department of Tropical Medicine Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLos AngelesUSA USDA Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlierCaliforniaUSA National bio and Agro-Defense Facility USDA Agricultural Research ServiceManhattanKansasUSA

Culex tarsalis Coquillett(Diptera:Culicidae)mosquitoes are capable of vectoring numerous pathogens affecting public and animal ***,the probing behaviors of mosquitoes are poorly understood because they occur in opaque ***(EPG)has the potential to elucidate these behaviors by recording the electrical signals generated during *** used an AC–DC EPG w.th variable input resistors(Ri levels)to construct a w.veform library for *** feeding on human *** events associated w.th mosquito probing w.re used to characterize w.veforms at four Ri levels and w.th tw. electrical current *** optimal settings for EPG recordings of *** probing on human hands w.s an Ri level of 10^(7)Ohms using an applied signal of 150 millivolts alternating *** for *** included those previously observed and associated w.th probing behaviors in Aedes aegypti L.(Diptera:Culicidae):w.veform families J(surface salivation),K(stylet penetration through the skin),L(types 1 and 2,search for a blood vessel/ingestion site),M(types 1 and 2,ingestion),N(type 1,an unknow. behavior w.ich may be a resting and digestion phase),and w.w.thdraw.l).How.ver,w. also observed variations in the w.veforms not described in ***,w.ich w. named types L3,M3,M4,and *** investigation enhances our understanding of mosquito probing *** also provides a new.tool for the automated calculation of peak *** w.rk w.ll facilitate future pathogen acquisition and transmission studies and help identify new.pest and disease management targets.

关键词： AC-DC blood feeders electrical penetration graph EPG human hands mosquitoes w.veform library