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社会工作领域定性研究论文写作指南与规范建议

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华东理工大学学报（社会科学版） 2018年第2期33卷 90-97,116页

作者：张霖吴世友 mark w.fraser 西北民族大学民族学与社会学院甘肃兰州730030 亚利桑那州立大学社会工作学院美国菲尼克斯85226 北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校社会工作学院美国27599

本文介绍了社会工作领域定性研究论文的写作指南(以下简称"定性指南")的发展过程,总结出作为一篇严谨的定性研究论文一般来讲需要呈现的内容框架,以及各部分内容所应交代的具体要求。此定性指南不是一套既定内容的集合,而是一些具体的... 详细信息

本文介绍了社会工作领域定性研究论文的写作指南(以下简称"定性指南")的发展过程,总结出作为一篇严谨的定性研究论文一般来讲需要呈现的内容框架,以及各部分内容所应交代的具体要求。此定性指南不是一套既定内容的集合,而是一些具体的评价指标。这些指标能够帮助读者获得足够的信息以了解研究是如何开展的。此指南还旨在为广大定性研究者们提供一套成文参考,以加强定性研究文章的严谨度和准确度。定性研究被应用于很多个学科领域,应该指出,无论多么专业、精确的指南都会面临本学科的适用性和灵活性问题。本文所介绍的定性指南,主要是针对社会工作学科领域,其他领域在参考时需要适当做一些调整。

关键词：定性研究社会工作写作指南期刊指南

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“儿童社会信息加工技能”量表操作指南

家政学刊

家政学刊 2024年第2期1卷 153-162页

作者：郭申阳 mark w.fraser Steven H.Day 孙晓冬吴帆彭瑾李娜西安交通大学人文社会科学学院圣路易斯华盛顿大学布朗学院北卡罗莱那教堂山分校社会工作学院南开大学社会学院

儿童在成长关键期形成的社会加工技能是影响儿童长期社会适应的决定性因素。基于1994年Crick和Dodge “社会信息加工”的理论模型，本文对“让我们做朋友”项目所使用的2个测量儿童社会信息加工技能的量表（“技能水平活动量表SLA”和... 详细信息

儿童在成长关键期形成的社会加工技能是影响儿童长期社会适应的决定性因素。基于1994年Crick和Dodge “社会信息加工”的理论模型，本文对“让我们做朋友”项目所使用的2个测量儿童社会信息加工技能的量表（“技能水平活动量表SLA”和“卡罗莱那儿童量表—教师问卷CCC”）的操作作了介绍。SLA使用5个假设性情境，通过儿童对相关问题的回答，测量其4项社会信息加工技能：解释线索，敌对归因，目标设定，决策回应。CCC由了解学生情况的老师依据学生在过去一个月的行为表现打分，然后根据这些分数归纳出儿童10项社会信息加工技能的子量纲：认知集中度，权威接受度，明显的攻击性，敌对性，隐性的与社会对立，社会交往，社会能力，积极社会性，情绪掌控，人际关系上的进攻性。

关键词：社会信息加工技能敌对归因目标设定攻击性行为权威接受度

社会工作服务介入儿童行为发展效果评估的实证研究

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社会建设 2016年第6期3卷 6-17页

作者：吴帆郭申阳马克.弗雷泽南开大学社会工作与社会政策系美国圣路易斯华盛顿大学布朗社会工作学院美国北卡大学社会工作学院

有针对性地提升儿童在情绪控制、信息辨析和社会技巧等方面的行为能力，是有效降低儿童成年后偏差行为发生概率的重要途径。研究将美国一项旨在改善儿童社会交往技能、增强社会行为能力的社会工作服务项目引进中国，进行了本土化设计改... 详细信息

有针对性地提升儿童在情绪控制、信息辨析和社会技巧等方面的行为能力，是有效降低儿童成年后偏差行为发生概率的重要途径。研究将美国一项旨在改善儿童社会交往技能、增强社会行为能力的社会工作服务项目引进中国，进行了本土化设计改造，并针对91名8～10岁儿童展开了为期5个月的预防性行为干预。基于社会信息加工理论，研究运用倾向值分析和参与式观察对服务介入的效果进行了科学评估。结果显示，项目对儿童在行为解码、问题归因、目标设立、决策回应方面都显示出积极的效果，对提升儿童的社会信息加工能力和行为健康发展具有促进作用。

关键词：社会信息加工理论行为干预倾向值模型

Eight decades of compositional change in a managed northern hardwood landscape

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第3期10卷 398-410页

作者： mark J.Ducey Olivia L.fraser Mariko Yamasaki Ethan P.Belair william B.Leak University of New Hampshire Department of Natural Resources and the Environment114 James HallDurhamNH03824USA U.S.D.A.Forest Service White Mountain National Forest71 White Mountain DriveCamptonNH03223USA U.S.D.A.Forest Service Northern Research Station271 Mast RoadDurhamNH03824USA The Nature Conservancy Natural Climate SolutionsAfrica Regional Portland Office45 Exchange StSuite 303PortlandME04101USA

we analyzed over 8 decades of change in forest composition(represented by species proportion of basal area)and size class from more than 400 permanent plots located on the Bartlett Experimental Forest in the white Mountains of New *** data represent one of the longest-term landscape-scale records of forest change based on permanent plots in North *** analyzed the plots based on elevation class,land type indicating assumed successional direction(grouped into coniferous and deciduous),and inventory period within managed and unmanaged portions of the *** ongoing shift from small-to large-diameter stems is clear across all species,in response to the overall aging of the forest following exploitative harvesting in the 19th *** compositional changes include a continuing decline in shade-intolerant species(paper birch and aspen),along with the mid-tolerant yellow *** increase in red maple abundance through the early 1990s has leveled off or *** shade-tolerant species,increases in beech and red spruce were largely consistent with assumed land type on unmanaged plots,but heavy marking against diseased beech on managed plots restricted increase of that *** maple declined in abundance except where silvicultural intervention helped maintain *** contrast,eastern hemlock showed a continuing expansion at all elevations below 600 *** data continue to show little or no evidence of upward migration of species,despite evidence of recent regional change in ***,the BEF is poised for substantial changes when emerald ash borer and hemlock woolly adelgid,both of which are known to infest nearby areas,do arrive.

关键词： Northern hardwoods Succession Stand dynamics Silviculture

The effects of perfluorocarbon dosing strategy on cerebral blood flow when starting partial liquid ventilation: A randomized, controlled, experimental study

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2012年第3期2卷 197-213页

作者： mark w. Davies Kimble R. Dunster John F. fraser Paul B. Colditz Department of Paediatrics & Child Health The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia Grantley Stable Neonatal Unit Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Brisbane Australia Medical Engineering Research Facility Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia Perinatal Research Centre The University of Queensland Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Brisbane Australia

Introduction: Partial liquid ventilation may benefit the lung disease in preterm neonates but intratracheal instillation of perfluorocarbon increases cerebral blood flow and may cause brain injury. we aimed to determine if the effects of perfluorocarbon administration on cerebral blood flow vary by dose-volume, rate of administration, endotracheal tube portal of entry, or closely targeting PaCO2. Methods: Forty-two dosing events (in eleven rabbits) were randomised to different dosing strategies, including a sham (i.e., placebo/control) dose of air over 20 min, 20 mL/kg of perfluorocarbon slowly over 20 min, 10 mL/kg of perfluorocarbon slowly over 20 min, 10 mL/kg of perfluorocarbon moderately fast over 10 min, 10 mL/kg of perfluorocarbon rapidly over 5 min, 10 mL/kg of perfluorocarbon slowly over 20 min via the endotracheal tube tip lumen (as opposed to the proximal end of the tube used in all other groups), or 10 mL/kg of perfluorocarbon slowly over 20 min whilst targeting a PaCO2 of 45 - 50 mmHg. Blood gases, haemodynamics, cortical cerebral blood flow and carotid flow were recorded continuously for 30 minutes from the start of each dose. Results: Carotid flow increased with 20 mL/kg perfluorocarbon and cortical cerebral blood flow was significantly more variable. Carotid and cortical cerebral blood flow increased using 10 mL/kg or 20 mL/kg with no difference between the two dose-volumes. There was no difference in cerebral blood flow by rate of administration, but carotid blood flow was more variable during slow administration. There were no differences in the increase in cerebral blood flow by portal of entry. If PaCO2 was maintained between 45 - 50 mmHg there was no increase in cerebral blood flow and there was less variable carotid flow. Conclusions: Cerebral blood flow increases with perfluorocarbon dosing. This occurs regardless of the dose-volume of perfluorocarbon. These effects were mitigated by closely targeting PaCO2.

关键词： Cerebral Blood Flow Fluorocarbons Infant Newborn Preterm Partial Liquid Ventilation

Karrikin and Cyanohydrin Smoke Signals Provide Clues to New Endogenous Plant Signaling Compounds

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Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 29-37页

作者： Gavin R. Flematti mark T. waters Adrian Scaffidi David J. Merritt Emilio L. Ghisalberti' Kingsley w.Dixon Steven M. Smith School of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Western Australia Crawley 6009 Western Australia Australia Centre in Plant Energy Biology University of Western Australia Crawley 6009 Western Australia Australia School of Plant Biology University of Western Australia Crawley 6009 Western Australia Australia Kings Park and Botanic Garden Fraser Avenue West Perth 6005 Western Australia Australia

Two new types of signaling compounds have been discovered in wildfire smoke due to their ability to stimulate seed germination. The first discovered were karrikins, which share some structural similarity with the strigol- actone class of plant hormones, and both signal through a common F-box protein. However, karrikins and strigolactones operate through otherwise distinct signaling pathways, each distinguished by a specific a/13 hydrolase protein. Genetic analysis suggests that plants contain endogenous compounds that signal specifically through the karrikin pathway. The other active compounds discovered in smoke are cyanohydrins that release germination-stimulating cyanide upon hydrolysis. Cyanohydrins occur widely in plants and have a role in defense against other organisms, but an additional role in endogenous cyanide signaling should also now be considered.

关键词： fire smoke karrikins strigolactones cyanohydrins cyanide seed germination Arabidopsis thaliana.

Ancient fish weir technology for modern stewardship: lessons from community-based salmon monitoring

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第6期3卷 2-8页

作者： william I.Atlas william G.Houstya Audrey Beliveau Bryant DeRoy Grant Callegarie Mike Reid Jonathan w.Moore Qqs Projects Society Bella BellaCanada Earth to Ocean Research Group Dep artment of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyCanada Heiltsuk Integrated Resource Management Department Bella BellaCanada Department of Statistics University of Brtish ColumbiaVancouverCanada Hakai Institute Heriot BayCanada

Introduction:The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples states that indigenous people have a fundamental right to contribute to the management of the resources that support their *** are vital to the economy and culture of First Nations in coastal British Columbia,*** this region,traditional systems of management including weirs-fences built across rivers to selectively harvest salmon-supported sustainable fisheries for *** the late-19th century traditional fishing practices were banned as colonial goverments consolidated control over ***:In collaboration with the Hei ltsuk First Nation we revived the practice of weir building in the Koeye *** the first four years of the project we tagged 1,226 sockeye,and counted 8,036 fish during fall stream *** used a mark-recapture model which accounted for both pre-spawn mortality due to variation in temperature,and tag loss,to produce the first mark-resight estimates of sockeye abundance in the watershed(4,600-15,000 escapement).Discussion:High river temperatures are associated with increased en route morality in migrating adult *** estimated pre-spawn mortality ranged from 8-72%across the four years of study,highlighting the degree to which climate conditions may dictate future viability in sockeye salmon *** results demonstrate the power of fusing traditional knowledge and management systems with contemporary scientific approaches in developing local monitoring.

关键词： Local management traditional ecological knowledge First Nations salmon food fisheries mark-recapture

昆虫病原真菌在当前和未来的温室生态系统中的作用(英文)

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安徽农业大学学报 2007年第2期34卷 157-161页

作者：马克.格特尔 Colleen Alma Patricia Jaramillo Jeong Jun Kim David Gillespie Bernard Roitberg Lethbridge Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaP.O.3000LethbridgeAB T1J 4B1Canada Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCV5A 1S6Canada Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaP.O.Box 1000AgassizBCV0M 1A0Canada

There are several biopesticides based on entomopathogenic fungi available in the market for use against insect pests in greenhouse *** most are compatible for use with predators and parasitoids in greenhouse ecosystems,much more research is needed to determine the intraguild interactions for each combination of host,pathogen,predator,and *** research has demonstrated that,although direct effects on the predators could be demonstrated in laboratory bioassays,different results were found under greenhouse conditions,indicating that results obtained in the laboratory may be a poor predictor of what occurs in the *** both cases,additive effects were obtained under greenhouse conditions,demonstrating *** addition,there is increasing evidence that entomopathogenic fungi have significant potential for dual management of invertebrate pests and plant *** studies demonstrated that 3 species of Lecanicillium had significant effects on both aphids and cucumber powdery mildew,Sphaerotheca fuliginea;that the fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus was compatible with a mirid predator,Disyphus hesperus,when used concurrently against greenhouse whitefly,Trialeurodes vaporariorum;and that Lecaniciullium longisporum was compatible with a predatory midge,Aphidoletes aphidimyza when used concurrently against green peach aphids.

关键词：昆虫病原真菌温室生态系统