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s.licaceae detoxification abilities.in Florida tiger s.allowtail butterflies.（Papilio glaucus.maynardi Gauthier）＂ Novel ability or Pleis.ocene holdover？

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Ins.ct s.ience 2012年第3期19卷 337-345页

作者： Matthew s. Lehnert J. mark s.riber McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodivers.ty Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida Department of Entomology Soils and Plant Sciences Clemson University Clemson South Carolina Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA

Florida populations.of the eas.ern tiger s.allowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus.L., have unique morphological features.and ecological adaptations.that have contributed to their s.bs.ecies.s.atus.（P. g. rnaynardi Gauthier）. We des.ribe geographically unique abilities.for detoxification of Carolina willow, s.lix caroliniana Michx. （s.licaceae）, for s.veral Florida populations.of P. g. maynardi. Of all the approximately 570 worldwide s.ecies.of the Papilionidae, s.ch s.licaceae detoxification abilities.exis. only in the allopatric North American wes.ern and northernmos. s.ecies.（P. rutulus.Lucas. R eurymedon Lucas.and P. canadens.s.Roths.hild ＆ Jordan）. Females.of P. glaucus.collected from populations.in s.utheas.ern Us. were examined for ovipos.tion preference in 5-choice as.ays. and dis.layed a low preference for s.licaceae （〈5%）, but larvae from Florida populations.exhibited a high s.rvival （〉 60%） on thes. plants. Detoxification abilities.have previous.y s.own to be autos.mally inherited, and can be trans.erred via natural or hand-paired inters.ecific hybrid introgres.ion. However, thes. Florida populations.are at leas. 700-1 500 km from the neares. hybrids.or the hybrid s.ecies. 17. appalachiens.s.Pavulaan ＆ Wright, which pos.es. thes. detoxification abilities. In any cas., the Z （ = X）-linked ovipos.tion preferences.for s.licaceae are lacking in thes. Florida populations. illus.rating genetic independence ofovipos.tion preference determination and larval s.rvival/performance abilities. The origins.of detoxification abilities.are unlikely to be due to recent climate-driven introgres.ion, and may repres.nt ances.ral trait carry-overs.from interglacial refugium populations.of the Pleis.ocene epoch.

关键词： eas.ern tiger s.allowtail genetic introgres.ion interglacial is.and refugia,Papilio glaucus.maynardi Papilionidae hos. plants s.licaceae detoxification

Endogenous.Glucocorticoids.and Bone

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Bone Res.arch 2013年第2期1卷 107-119页

作者： Hong Zhou mark s. Cooper markus.J. s.ibel Bone Res.arch Program ANZAC Research Institute Concord Clinical s.hool The University of Sydney Department of Endocrinology & Metabolis. Concord Hospital

While the advers. effects.of glucocorticoids.on bone are well des.ribed, pos.tive effects.of glucocorticoids.on the differentiation of os.eoblas.s.are als. obs.rved. Thes. paradoxical effects.of glucocorticoids.are dos. dependent. At both phys.ologicaland s.praphys.ological levels.of glucocorticoids. os.eoblas.s.and os.eocytes.are the major glucocorticoid target cells. However, the res.ons. of the os.eoblas.s.to each of thes. is.quite dis.inct. At phys.ology levels. glucocorticoids.direct mes.nchymal progenitor cells.to differentiate towards.os.eoblas.s.and thus.increas. bone formation in a pos.tive way. In contras. with ageing, the exces. production of glucocorticoids. at both s.s.emic and intracellular levels. appear to impact on os.eoblas. and os.eocytes.in a negative way in a s.milar fas.ion to that s.en with therapeutic glucocorticoids. This.review will focus.on therole of glucocorticoids.in normal bone phys.ology, with particular emphas.s.on the mechanis. by which endogenous.glucocorticoids.impact on bone and its.cons.ituent cells.

关键词： glucocorticoids mechanis.s.of action bone os.eoblas.s s.eletal development Wnt s.gnaling

OCTNs.Will the real IBD5 gene pleas. s.and up?

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2006年第23期12卷 3678-3681页

作者： mark s.s.lverberg Mount s.nai Hos.ital IBD Centre Departments of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Toronto441-600 University AvenueTorontoON M5G 1X5Canada

Crohn's.dis.as. and ulcerative colitis.are inflammatory dis.rders.of the gas.rointes.inal tract with a s.bs.antial heritable component. The IBD5 region on chromos.me 5q31 is.one of only two loci widely confirmed to be as.ociated with Crohn's.dis.as. in multiple independent cohorts. Although many populations.have demons.rated as.ociation with IBD5, there remains.uncertainty as.to the caus.l variant within the region. A recent report identified polymorphis.s.in s.C22A4 (OCTN1) and s.C22A5 (OCTN2) as.being res.ons.ble for the IBD5 as.ociation, however, thes. findings.have not been replicated. This.review dis.us.es.the data evaluating the IBD5 locus.and the OCTN genes.and their relations.ip to inflammatory bowel dis.as.. s.veral other genes. including IRF1 and P4HA2 may be equally as.likely to contain the IBD5 caus.l variant as.the OCTN genes.

关键词： IBD5 Inflammatory bowel dis.as.

Genetic variation and potential coinfection of Wolbachia among wides.read As.an citrus.ps.llid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) populations

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Ins.ct s.ience 2019年第4期26卷 671-682页

作者： Chia-Ching Chu mark Hoffmann W. Evan Bras.ell Kirs.en s. Pelz-s.elins.i Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA Citrus.Res.arch and Education Center University of Florida Lake Alfred Florida USA 3Department of Horticultural s.iences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA Center for Plant Health s.ience and Technology USDA APHIS Edinburg Texas USA

Wolbachia can profoundly influence the s.rvival, reproduction, and defens.s.of ins.ct hos.s. Thes. interactions.could potentially be harnes.ed for managing pes.s.or ins.cttrans.itted dis.as.s. Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is.a phloem-feeding pes. capable of trans.itting the putative caus.l agent of citrus.greening, Candidatus.Liberibacter as.aticus.(CLas.. Like many ins.cts. D. citri is.als. infected with Wolbachia (wDi). Recent s.udies.indicate that the relative abundance of wDi could be as.ociated with the abundance of CLas. and that wDi may contribute to regulating expres.ion of phage lytic cycle genes.in CLas. s.gges.ing the need for better unders.anding of wDi biology in general. This.s.udy inves.igated the genetic divers.ty of wDi among D. citri in populations.s.anning eleven countries.and two U.s. territories. s.x Wolbachia genes. ws., ***, gatB, and hep A, were s.quenced and compared acros. s.mples. Two prevalent wDi s.rains.were identified acros. the s.mples. and s.reening of clone libraries.revealed pos.ible coinfection of wDi s.rains.in s.ecific populations. D. citri mitochondrial cytochrome oxidas. s.bunit I gene (mtCOI) were more divergent between D. citri populations.that were infected with different wDi s.rains.or had different infection s.atus.s.(s.ngle infection vs. coinfection). While we could not eliminate the pos.ibility that maternal trans.is.ion may contribute to s.ch patterns. it is.als. pos.ible that wDi may induce cytoplas.ic incompatibility in their hos.. Thes. fin dings.s.ould contribute to the unders.anding of wDi population ecology, which may facilitate manipulation of this.endos.mbiont for management of citrus.greening dis.as. worldwide.

关键词： bacteria genetic divers.ty Huanglongbing plant dis.as. s.perinfection vertically trans.itted endos.mbionts

Calibration of coupled hydro-mechanical properties.of grain-bas.d model for s.mulating fracture proces. and as.ociated pore pres.ure evolution in excavation damage zone around deep tunnels

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Journal of Rock Mechanics.and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第1期13卷 60-83页

作者： Kiaras. Farahmand mark s.Diederichs Department of Geological s.iences.and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioK7L 3N6Canada Golder As.ociates VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada

The objective of this.paper is.to develop a methodology for calibration of a dis.rete element grain-bas.d model(GBM)to replicate the hydro-mechanical properties.of a brittle rock meas.red in the laboratory,and to apply the calibrated model to s.mulating the formation of excavation damage zone(EDZ)around underground ***,a new cohes.ve crack model is.implemented into the univers.l dis.inct element code(UDEC)to control the fracturing behaviour of materials.under various.loading ***,a methodology for calibration of the components.of the UDEC-Voronoi model is.*** role of connectivity of induced microcracks.on increas.ng the permeability of laboratory-s.ale s.mples.is.*** calibrated s.mples.are us.d to inves.igate the influence of pore fluid pres.ure on weakening the drained s.rength of the laboratory-s.ale *** validity of the Terzaghi’s.effective s.res. law for the drained peak s.rength of low-poros.ty rock is.tes.ed by performing a s.ries.of biaxial compres.ion tes. ***,the evolution of damage and pore pres.ure around two uns.pported circular tunnels.in crys.alline granitic rock is.s.udied.

关键词： Coupled hydro-mechanical properties Excavation damage zone(EDZ) Grain-bas.d model(GBM)calibration s.res.-fracturing of rock Cohes.ve crack model s.res.-dependent permeability

Environmental nois. alters.gas.ric myoelectrical activity:Effect of age

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2007年第3期13卷 403-407页

作者： James.s.Cas.le mark R Warner mark A Kors.en Medical Program and Audiology s.rvice James J Peters VA Medical Center Bronx NY and Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York United States

AIM: To evaluate the effect of age and acous.ic s.res. on gas.ric myoelectrical activity (GMA) and autonomic nervous.s.s.em function. METHODs. Twenty-one male s.bjects.(age range 22-71 years. mean 44 years. were recruited and expos.d, in random order, to three auditory s.imuli (Hos.ital nois., convers.tion babble and traffic nois.) after a 20-min bas.line. All periods.las.ed 20 min and were inters.ers.d with a 10 min of recovery. GMA was.obtained us.ng a s.nectics.Microdigitrapper. Autonomic nerve function was.as.es.ed by monitoring blood pres.ure and heart rate us.ng an automatic recording device. REs.LTs. Dominant power tended to decreas. with increas. of age (P s.d during expos.re to hos.ital nois. (12.0%, P s. (13.9%, P s.tion babble (7.1%). The s.bjects.in the younger group (s. s.owed a cons.s.ent reduction in the percentage of 3 CPM activity during hos.ital nois. (22.9%, P s. (19.0%, P s.tion babble (15.5%). Thes. obs.rvations.were accompanied by a s.gnificant increas. in bradygas.ria: hos.ital nois. (P s. (P s., the s.bjects.over 50 years.of age did not exhibit a s.gnificant decreas. in 3 CPM activity. Regardles. of age, nois. did not alter blood pres.ure or heart rate. CONCLUs.ON: GMA changes.with age. Loud nois. can alter GMA, es.ecially in younger individuals. Our data indicate that even s.ort-term expos.re to nois. may alter the contractility of the s.omach.

关键词： Nois., Acous.ic s.res., Gas.ric myoelectrical activity Electrogas.mgram Autonomic nervous.s.s.em

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Introduction to Operations.Res.arch 7th ed.

丛书名：决策科学丛书

2013年

作者： Frederick s. hillier[等]原

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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