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Treatment and prevention of epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic areas is urgently needed

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 85-89页

作者： Robert Colebunders joseph nelson Siewe Fodjo Olivia Kamoen Luis-jorge Amaral Amber Hadermann Chiara Trevisan mark j.Taylor julia Gauglitz Achim Hoerauf Yasuaki Sato Katja Polman Maria-Gloria Basanez Dan Bhwana Thomson Lakwo Gasim Abd-Elfarag Sebastien D.Pion Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Department of Neurology Heilig Hart ZiekenhuisLierBelgium Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine LiverpoolUK Department of Computer Science University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Institute of Medical Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Bonn-CologneBonnGermany School of Global Humanities and Social Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and London Centre for Neglected TropicalDisease Research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK National Institute for Medical Research TangaTanzania Vector Control Division Ministry of HealthKampalaUganda School of Public Health University of JubaJubaSouth Sudan Access for Humanity JubaSouth Sudan French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development MontpellierFrance

Background There is increasing epidemiological evidence supporting the association between onchocerciasis and seizures, reinforcing the concept of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE). The aim of this paper is to provide an update on the new knowledge about OAE and to propose recommendations to the World Health Organization how to address this public health *** text During the 2nd International Workshop on OAE held on 19-21 September, 2023, in Antwerp, Belgium, participants recognised OAE as a substantial yet neglected public health problem, particularly in areas of sub-Saharan Africa where onchocerciasis remains hyperendemic. Evidence from prospective population-based studies suggest that strengthening onchocerciasis elimination efforts leads to a significant reduction of OAE incidence. There is a need to validate an OAE case definition to estimate the burden of disease and identify onchocerciasis-endemic areas requiring intensification of onchocerciasis elimination programmes and integration of epilepsy care. It is expected that raising awareness about OAE will boost the population uptake of ivermectin. The implementation of a community-based epilepsy treatment programme offering free anti-seizure medications (ASMs) has shown high effectiveness in reducing the frequency of seizures and improving the overall quality of life of people with *** To reduce OAE burden, enhanced collaboration between onchocerciasis and mental health programmes at community, national, and international levels is required. Urgent efforts are needed to ensure the uninterrupted provision of free ASMs in onchocerciasis-endemic areas. Furthermore, OAE should be included in the quantification of the onchocerciasis disease burden.

关键词： Onchocerciasis Morbidity Burden of disease Prevention Ivermectin Epilepsy Nodding syndrome Treatment Children Policy

SMXL5 attenuates strigolactone signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana by inhibiting SMXL7 degradation

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Molecular Plant 2024年第4期17卷 631-647页

作者： Qingtian Li Haiyang Yu Wenwen Chang Sunhyun Chang Michael Guzman Lionel Faure Eva-Sophie Wallner Heqin Yan Thomas Greb Lei Wang Ruifeng Yao David C.nelson Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaRiversideRiversideCA 2521USA Yazhouwan National Laboratory Sanya 572025China Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory Sanya 57205China State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental RegulationCollege of BiologyHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation Center for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuangHebei 050021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10004China School of the Sciences Biology DivisionTexas Woman’s UniversityDentonTX 76204USA Centre for Organismal Studies(COS) Heidelberg University6120 HeidelbergGermany

Hormone-activated proteolysis is a recurring theme of plant hormone signaling *** strigolactone signaling,the enzyme receptor DWARF14(D14)and an F-box protein,MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2(MAX2),mark SUPPRESSOR OF MAX21-LIKE(SMXL)family proteins SMXL6,SMXL7,and SMXL8 for rapid *** of these transcriptional corepressors initiates downstream growth *** homologous proteins SMXL3,SMXL4,and SMXL5,however,are resistant to MAX2-mediated *** discovered that the smxl4 smxl5 mutant has enhanced responses to ***5 attenuates strigolactone signaling by interfering with AtD14-SMXL7 ***5 interacts with AtD14 and SMXL7,providing two possible ways to inhibit SMXL7 ***5 function is partially dependent on an ethylene-responsive-element binding-factor-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)motif,which typically mediates interactions with the TOPLESS family of transcriptional ***,we found that loss of the EAR motif reduces SMXL5-SMXL7 interactions and the attenuation of strigolactone signaling by *** hypothesize that integration of SMXL5 into heteromeric SMXL complexes reduces the susceptibility of SMXL6/7/8 proteins to strigolactone-activated degradation and that the EAR motif promotes the formation or stability of these *** mechanism may provide a way to spatially or temporally fine-tune strigolactone signaling through the regulation of SMXL5 expression or translation.

关键词： Arabidopsis typically inhibiting

Biosphere 2’s Lessons about Living on Earth and in Space

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Space(Science & Technology) 2021年第1期2021卷 274-284页

作者： mark nelson Institute of Ecotechnics(US/UK) USA

Biosphere 2,the largest and most biodiverse closed ecological system facility yet created,has contributed vital lessons for living with our planetary biosphere and for long-term habitation in *** the space life support perspective,Biosphere 2 contrasted with previous BLSS work by including areas based on Earth wilderness biomes in addition to its provision for human life support and by using a soil-based intensive agricultural system producing a complete human *** previous BLSS system had included domestic farm *** human and domestic animal wastes were also recycled and returned to the crop *** 2 was important as a first step towards learning how to miniaturize natural ecosystems and develop technological support systems compatible with *** 2’s mostly successful operation for three years(1991-1994)changed thinking among space life support scientists and the public at large about the need for minibiospheres for long-term habitation in *** an Earth systems laboratory,Biosphere 2 was one of the first attempts to make ecology an experimental science at a scale relevant to planetary issues such as climate change,regenerative agriculture,nutrient and water recycling,loss of biodiversity,and understanding of the roles wilderness biomes play in the Earth’s *** 2 aroused controversy because of narrow definitions and expectations of how science is to be *** cooperation between engineers and ecologists and the requirement to design a technosphere that supported the life inside without harming it have enormous relevance to what is required in our global *** of bioregenerative life support systems for near-term space applications such as initial Moon and/or Mars bases,will be severely limited by high costs of transport to space and so will rely on lighter weight,hydroponic systems of growing plants which will focus first on water and air regeneration and gradually increase its production of fo

关键词： Earth Biosphere bases

Hepatocellular carcinoma,human immunodeficiency virus and viral hepatitis in the HAART era

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第11期14卷 1657-1663页

作者： Douglas C Macdonald mark nelson mark Bower Thomas Powles Chelsea and Westminster hospital LondonUnited Kingdom St Bartholomew’s Hospital LondonUnited Kingdom

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) is *** in HIV almost invariably occurs in the context of hepatitis C virus(HCV)or hepatitis B virus (HBV)co-infection and,on account of shared modes of transmission,this occurs in more than 33% and 10% of patients with HIV worldwide *** has yet to be clearly established whether HIV directly accelerates HCC pathogenesis or whether the rising incidence is an epiphenomenon of the highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)era,wherein the increased longevity of patients with HIV allows long-term complications of viral hepatitis and cirrhosis to *** this question will have implications for HCC surveillance and the timing of HCV/HBV therapy,which in HIV co-infection presents unique *** HCC develops,there is growing evidence that HIV co-infection should not preclude conventional therapeutic strategies,including liver transplantation.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Human immunodeficiency virus hepatitis Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Co-infection Incidence Transplant Pathogenesis

Addressing nonresponse bias in forest inventory change estimation using response homogeneity classifications

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第1期10卷 125-131页

作者： james A.Westfall mark D.nelson U.S.Forest Service Northern Research StationYorkPAUSA U.S.Forest Service Northern Research StationSt.PaulMNUSA

Estimating amounts of change in forest resources over time is a key function of most national forest inventories(NFI). As this information is used broadly for many management and policy purposes, it is imperative that accurate estimations are made from the survey sample. Robust sampling designs are often used to help ensure representation of the population, but often the full sample is unrealized due to hazardous conditions or possibly lack of land access permission. Potentially, bias may be imparted to the sample if the nonresponse is nonrandom with respect to forest characteristics, which becomes more difficult to assess for change estimation methods that require measurements of the same sample plots at two points in time, i.e., remeasurement. To examine potential nonresponse bias in change estimates, two synthetic populations were constructed: 1) a typical NFI population consisting of both forest and nonforest plots, and 2) a population that mimics a large catastrophic disturbance event within a forested population. Comparisons of estimates under various nonresponse scenarios were made using a standard implementation of post-stratified estimation as well as an alternative approach that groups plots having similar response probabilities(response homogeneity). When using the post-stratified estimators, the amount of change was overestimated for the NFI population and was underestimated for the disturbance population, whereas the response homogeneity approach produced nearly unbiased estimates under the assumption of equal response probability within groups. These outcomes suggest that formal strategies may be needed to obtain accurate change estimates in the presence of nonrandom nonresponse.

关键词： Disturbance Post-stratification Land use conversion Sample bias

Studies on the allostimulatory function of dendritic cells from HCV-HIV-1 co-infected patients

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Cell Research 2004年第3期14卷 251-256页

作者： justin STEBBING,Steve PATTERSON,Simon PORTSMOUTH,Claire THOMAS,Robert GLASSMAN,Adrian WILDFIRE,Frances GOTCH,mark BOWER,mark nelson,Brian GAZZARD The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH UK The Department of Immunology Division of Investigative Science Faculty of Medicine Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Ro

There is increasing recognition of the potential morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 and hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection. HIV appears to adversely affect HCV disease while the reciprocal effect of HCV on HIV remains controversial. We therefore studied the effect of co-infection on dendritic cell function versus HIV infection alone, as previous work has shown that HCV impairs dendritic cell (DC) function. HIV-1 positive individuals with HCV were matched for CD4 count, HIV-1 RNA viral load and therapy, to HIV-1 positive patients without HCV. Monocyte-derived DC were generated and mixed leukocyte reactions were performed. We assessed allostimulatory capacity with and without administration of exogenous Thl cytokines, using thymidine uptake and cell division analyses with the vital dye CFSE. We found that monocyte-derived DC from co-infected individuals showed no significant differences in allostimulatory capacity to ex vivo generated DC from HIV-1 infected individuals without HCV. Unlike the situat

关键词： hepatitis C HIV co-infection dendritic cells.

Deep learning ferroelectric polarization distributions from STEM data via with and without atom finding

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1342-1352页

作者： Christopher T.nelson Ayana Ghosh mark Oxley Xiaohang Zhang Maxim Ziatdinov Ichiro Takeuchi Sergei V.Kalinin Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA Computational Sciences and Engineering Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

Over the last decade,scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)has emerged as a powerful tool for probing atomic structures of complex materials with picometer precision,opening the pathway toward exploring ferroelectric,ferroelastic,and chemical phenomena on the atomic *** to date extracting a polarization signal from lattice coupled distortions in STEM imaging rely on discovery of atomic positions from intensity maxima/minima and subsequent calculation of polarization and other order parameter fields from the atomic ***,we explore the feasibility of polarization mapping directly from the analysis of STEM images using deep convolutional neural networks(DCNNs).In this approach,the DCNN is trained on the labeled part of the image(i.e.,for human labelling),and the trained network is subsequently applied to other *** explore the effects of the choice of the descriptors(centered on atomic columns and grid-based),the effects of observational bias,and whether the network trained on one composition can be applied to a different *** analysis demonstrates the tremendous potential of the DCNN for the analysis of high-resolution STEM imaging and spectral data and highlights the associated limitations.

关键词： Deep network ferroelectric

Association of subcutaneous testosterone pellet therapy with developing secondary polycythemia

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Asian journal of Andrology 2018年第2期20卷 195-199页

作者： Katherine Lang Rotker Michael Alavian Bethany nelson Grayson L Baird Martin M Miner mark Sigman Kathleen Hwang Division of Urology Brown University Providence RI 02903 USA Department of Biostatistics Lifespan Healthcare System Providence RI 02903 USA

A variety of methods for testosterone replacement therapy （TRT） exist, and the major potential risks of TRT have been well established. The risk of developing polycythemia secondary to exogenous testosterone （T） has been reported to range from 0.4% to 40%. Implantable T pellets have been used since 1972, and secondary polycythemia has been reported to be as low as 0.4% with this administration modality. However, our experience has suggested a higher rate. We conducted an institutional review board-approved, single-institution, retrospective chart review （2009-2013） to determine the rate of secondary polycythemia in 228 men treated with subcutaneously implanted testosterone pellets. Kaplan-Meyer failure curves were used to estimate time until the development of polycythemia （hematocrit 〉50%）. The mean number of pellets administered was 12 （range： 6-16）. The mean follow-up was 566 days. The median time to development of polycythemia whereby 50% of patients developed polycythemia was 50 months. The estimated rate of polycythemia at 6 months was 10.4%, 12 months was 17.3%, and 24 months was 30.2%. We concluded that the incidence of secondary polycythemia while on T pellet therapy may be higher than previously established.

关键词： hypogonadism pellet polycythemia testosterone

Performance Evaluation of Bioethanol Production through Continuous Fermentation with a Settling Unit

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journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2013年第11期7卷 2083-2088页

作者： mark Ian nelson Norhayati Hamzah School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics University of Wollongong Wollongong 2522 NSW Australia Department of Mathematics University Brunei Darussalam Bandar Seri Begawan BE 1410 Brunei

This paper analyses a model for the production of bioethanol that has been calibrated against laboratory data by previous researchers. The authors investigate the improvement in productivity that can be obtained when a centrifuge is used to recycle cells that would otherwise leave the reactor system in the efficient stream. The authors compare the performance of a double reactor cascade, possible employing a settling unit, against that of a single reactor. For the former case, this paper considers the reactor configuration in which the settling unit recycles from the effluent stream of a reactor back in the influent of the same reactor.

关键词： Bioethanol mathematical modelling productivity.