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Impacts of climate warming on hybrid zone movement： Geographically diffuse and biologically porous ＂species borders＂

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Insect Science 2011年第2期18卷 121-159页

作者： J. mark Scriber Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Flonda Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

the ecology and evolutionary biology of insect-plant associations has real- ized extensive attention, especially during the past 60 years. the classifications （categorical designations） of continuous variation in biodiversity, ranging from global patterns （e.g., lat- itudinal gradients in species richness/diversity and degree of herbivore feeding specialization） to localized insect-plant associations that span the biospectrum from polyphenisms, polymorphisms, biotypes, demes, host races, to cryptic species, remain academically contentious. Semantic and biosystematic （taxonomical） disagreements sometimes detract from more important ecological and evolutionary processes that drive diversification, the dynamics of gene flow and local extinctions. this review addresses several aspects of insect specialization, host-associated divergence and ecological （including ＂hybrid＂） speciation, with special reference to the climate warming impacts on species borders of hybridiz- ing swallowtail butterflies （Papilionidae）. Interspecific hybrid introgression may result in collapse of multi-species communities or increase species numbers via homoploid hybrid speciation. We may see diverging, merging, or emerging genotypes across hybrid zones, all part of the ongoing processes of evolution. Molecular analyses of genetic mosaics and genomic dynamics with ＂divergence hitchhiking＂, combined with ecological, ethological and physiological studies of＂species porosity＂, have already begun to unveil some answers for some important ecological/evolutionary questions. （i） How rapidly can host-associated divergence lead to new species （and why doesn＇t it always do so, e.g., resulting in ＂incom- plete＂ speciation）？（ii） How might ＂speciation genes＂ function, and how/where would we find them？（iii） Can oscillations from specialists to generalists and back to specialists help explain global diversity in herbivorous insects？（iv） How could recombinant interspecific hybridization lead to divergence an

关键词： cryptic species divergence hitchhiking ecologiealspeciation host associateddivergence mosaic genomes range limits recombinant hybrid species phylogeography,polyspecialists species boundaries

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Growth and optical properties of InxGa1-xP nanowires synthesized by selective-area epitaxy

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Nano Research 2017年第2期10卷 672-682页

作者： Alexander Berg Philippe Caroff Naeem Shahid mark N. Lockrey Xiaoming Yuan Magnus t. Borgstrom Hark Hoe tan Chennupati Jagadish Solid State Physics and NanoLund Lund University Box 118 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of Physics and Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT2601 Australia Australian National Fabrication Facility Research School of Physics and Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

ternary III-V nanowires （NWs） cover a wide range of wavelengths in the solar spectrum and would greatly benefit from being synthesized as position-controlled arrays for improved vertical yield, reproducibility, and tunable optical absorption. Here, we report on successful selective-area epitaxy of metal-particle-free vertical InxGa1-xP NW arrays using metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy and detail their optical properties. A systematic growth study establishes the range of suitable growth parameters to obtain uniform NW growth over a large array. the optical properties of the NWs were characterized by room-temperature cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. tunability of the emission wavelength from 870 nm to approximately 800 nm was achieved. transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray measurements performed on cross- section samples revealed a pure wurtzite crystal structure with very few stacking faults and a slight composition gradient along the NW growth axis.

关键词： nanowire InGaP selective-area epitaxy cathodoluminescence energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

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Validity of a noninvasive estimation of deep body temperature when wearing personal protective equipment during exercise and recovery

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Military Medical Research 2019年第4期6卷 328-339页

作者： Andrew P.Hunt mark J.Buller Matthew J.Maley Joseph t.Costello Ian B.Stewart School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences&Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine NatickMAUSA Extreme Environments Laboratory Department of Sport and Exercise ScienceUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK

Background:Deep body temperature is a critical indicator of heat ***,direct measures are often invasive,costly,and difficult to implement in the *** study assessed the agreement between deep body temperature estimated from heart rate and that measured directly during repeated work bouts while wearing explosive ordnance disposal(EOD)protective clothing and during ***:Eight males completed three work and recovery periods across two separate *** consisted of treadmill walking on a 1%incline at 2.5,4.0,or 5.5 km/h,in a random order,wearing EOD protective *** temperature and relative humidity were maintained at 24℃and 50%[Wet bulb globe temperature(WBGt)(20.9±1.2)℃]or 32℃and 60%[WBGt(29.0±0.2)℃]on the separate days,*** rate and gastrointestinal temperature(tGI)were monitored continuously,and deep body temperature was also estimated from heart rate(ECtemp).Results:the overall systematic bias between tGI and ECtemp was 0.01℃with 95%limits of agreement(Lo A)of±0.64℃and a root mean square error of 0.32℃.the average error statistics among participants showed no significant differences in error between the exercise and recovery periods or the environmental *** tGI levels of(37.0–37.5)℃,(37.5–38.0)℃,(38.0–38.5)℃,and>38.5℃,the systematic bias and±95%Lo A were(0.08±0.58)℃,(–0.02±0.69)℃,(–0.07±0.63)℃,and(–0.32±0.56)℃,***:the findings demonstrate acceptable validity of the ECtemp up to 38.5℃.Conducting work within an ECtemp limit of 38.4℃,in conditions similar to the present study,would protect the majority of personnel from an excessive elevation in deep body temperature(>39.0℃).

关键词： Protective clothing Body core temperature Heat strain Heat stress Kalman filter Explosive ordnance disposal

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Building Digital Revenue Agency of the Future: Seven Keys to transformation

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Belt and Road Initiative tax Journal 2020年第2期1卷 64-76页

作者： mark Price Gustav Jeppesen Kathryn Karlman Jesper Kamstrup-Holm Ben Powell RuairíAllen Allan mills Deloitte US board of Deloitte Denmark Deloitte Denmark Deloitte UK Deloitte Ireland Deloitte Australia

Changes in technology have dramatically changed the tax administration landscape and challenged the way the revenue agencies go about their work by gathering and analyzing information,supporting taxpayers and encouraging their *** agencies need to keep pace with rapid changes in technology and the industries,and lay a strong foundation for future *** article focuses on seven key strategies that help bring a new mindset to tax administration,workforce management and the customer experience,namely:(i)get digital to the core,(ii)unlock the power of data,(iii)reimagine the workforce,(iv)improve the tax experience,(v)tax new stuff fast,(vi)embrace the end-to-end tax community,and(vii)balance competing *** seven keys to transformation include three internal shifts,three external shifts,and one strategic mindset ***,agencies will need to transform by rethinking digital workflows,data management and the ***,agencies will need to become nimbler in order to enhance the taxpayer experience,develop processes to keep pace with economic reality,and deepen relationships with stakeholders in the taxation ***,agencies will have to address head-on the paradoxical demands of the digital ecosystem they occupy.

关键词： Digital revenue agency Digital transformation Digital workflows Data management Workforce innovation

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Surface-rare-earth-rich upconversion nanoparticles induced by heterovalent cation exchange with superior loading capacity

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Journal of Materials Science & technology 2022年第2期97卷 223-228页

作者： Meifeng Wang Yiru Qin Wei Shao ZhiWang Cai Xiaoyu Zhao Yongjun Hu tao Zhang Sheng Li mark t.Swihart Yang Liu Wei Wei MOE&Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional ProbesCollege of BiophotonicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalothe State University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14260United States Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied technology Institute of Insect Science and Technology&School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis technology and College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China

Surface modification of different functional molecules onto NaREF_(4)(RE=rare earth)upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)impart their multiple *** molecules can be loaded onto NaREF_(4) UCNPs through the formation of coordination bonds between the surface-exposed RE^(3+) ions and the appropriate chemical groups of functional *** density of surface RE^(3+) ions directly determines the loading efficiency of Na REF4 ***,NaREF_(4) is a binary cation system,rendering the surface-distributed Na;and RE^(3+) ions remains a ***,we develop an effective strategy to significantly enhance the density of surface RE^(3+) ions,thus maximizing the loading capacity of NaREF_(4) *** strategy is based on a heterovalent cation exchange(HCE)reaction in the surface region in which Na^(+)ions are replaced by RE^(3+) *** density of surface ligands enhances from 3.6 to 8.8 molecules/nm^(2) after reaction,suggesting that the loading efficiency increases by approximately 150%.Benefiting from the improved loading capacity,we demonstrate such surface-RE-rich nanoparticles have the ability to offer higher colloidal stability and more desirable photodynamic therapy(PDt)*** work not only advances our understanding of cation exchange reactions in RE-based nanoparticles,but also provides significant value for considerable applications such as sensing,bioimaging,and therapy.

关键词： Heterovalent cation exchange Surface-rare-earth-rich Upconversion nanoparticles Superior loading capacity

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Rectal nitric oxide as biomarker in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Responders versus nonresponders

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第21期12卷 3386-3392页

作者： tryggve Ljung Sofie Lundberg mark Varsanyi Catharina Johansson Peter t Schmidt Max Herulf Jon O Lundberg Per M Hellstr(o|¨)m Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Karolinska University Hospital Site SolnaStockholmSweden Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet StockholmSweden

AIM： to explore rectal nitric oxide （NO） as biomarker of treatment response in ulcerative colitis （UC） and Crohn＇s disease （CD）, and examine relationships between rectal NO, mucosal expression of NO synthases （NOS）, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. MEtHODS： twenty-two patients with UC and 24 with CD were monitored during steroid treatment. Rectal NO levels were measured and clinical activities were assessed on days 1, 3, 7 and 28. Mucosal presence of NOS and pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Rt-PCR. RESULtS： Active UC and CD displayed markedly increased rectal NO levels （10950 ± 7610 and 5 040 ± 1 280 parts per billion （ppb）, respectively） as compared with the controls （154 ± 71 ppb, P 〈 0.001）. Rectal NO correlated weakly with disease activity in both UC and CD （r = 0.34 for UC and r = 0.48 for CD, P 〈 0.01）. In 12 patients, a steroid-refractory course led to colectomy. these patients had only slightly increased NO levels （UC： 620 ± 270 ppb; CD： 1260 ± 550 ppb） compared to those with a therapeutic response （UC： 18860 ± 530 ppb, P 〈 0.001, CD： 10060 ± 3200 ppb, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Rectal NO level is a useful biomarker of treatment response in IBD as low NO levels predicts a poor clinical response to steroid treatment.

关键词： Crohn's disease CytokJnes Nitric oxide Steroids Ulcerative colitis

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Porous Medium Flow with Both a Fractional Potential Pressure and Fractional time Derivative

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2017年第1期38卷 45-82页

作者： mark ALLEN Luis CAFFARELLI Alexis VASSEUR Department of Mathematics The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

the authors study a porous medium equation with a right-hand side. the operator has nonlocal diffusion effects given by an inverse fractional Laplacian *** derivative in time is also fractional and is of Caputo-type, which takes into account"memory". the precise model isD_t~αu- div(u(-Δ)^(-σ)u) = f, 0 the problem over {t ∈ R^+, x ∈ R^n} with nonnegative initial data u(0, x) ≥0 as well as the right-hand side f ≥ 0. the existence for weak solutions when f, u(0, x)have exponential decay at infinity is proved. the main result is H¨older continuity for such weak solutions.

关键词： Caputo derivative Marchaud derivative Porous medium equation Hlder continuity Nonlocal diffusion

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Endoscopic stenting-Where are we now and where can we go?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第24期14卷 3798-3803页

作者： mark terence McLoughlin Michael Francis Byrne UBC Division of Gastroenterology

Self expanding metal stents (SEMS) play an important role in the management of malignant obstructing lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. traditionally,they have been used for palliation in malignant gastric outlet and colonic obstruction and esophageal malignancy. the development of the polyflex stent,which is a removable self expanding plastic stent,allows temporary stent insertion for benign esophageal disease and possibly for patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to esophagectomy. Potential complications of SEMS insertion include perforation,tumour overgrowth or ingrowth,and stent migration. Newer stents are being developed with the aim of increasing technical and clinical success rates,while reducing complication rates. Other areas of development include biodegradable stents for benign disease and radioactive or drug-eluting stents for malignant disease. It is hoped that,in the future,newer stents will improve our management of these diffi cult conditions and,possibly,provide prognostic as well as symptomatic benefi t in the setting of malignant obstruction.

关键词： Endoscopy Stent Palliation Bowel obstruction Malignancy

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Hepcidin levels in hereditary hyperferritinemia:Insights into the iron-sensing mechanism in hepatocytes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第28期16卷 3541-3545页

作者： Jayantha Arnold Arvind Sangwaiya Vijay Manglam mark thursz Caroline Beaumont Caroline Kannengiesser mark Busbridge Department of Gastroenterology Ealing HospitalLondonUB1 3HWUnited Kingdom Department of Hepatology St Mary's Hospital Imperial College LondonLondonW2 1NYUnited Kingdom Biochemical hormones and Genetics Laboratory Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital46Rue Henri HuchardParis75018France Clinical Chemistry Hammersmith Hospital Imperial College LondonLondonW6 8RFUnited Kingdom

AIM:to study the role of hepcidin in hereditary hyperferritinemia cataract syndrome(HHCS). MEtHODS:Six patients from two families with HHCS, confirmed by genetic analysis showing A to G mutation at position+40 in the L-ferritin gene,were recruited to undergo serum hepcidin and prohepcidin measurements using radioimmunoassay and enzyme linked immunoassay,respectively,and measurements were compared with levels in serum from 25 healthy volunteers(14 females),mean age 36±11.9 ***:the serum hepcidin and prohepcidin levels in patients with HHCS were 19.1±18.6 and 187± 120.9 ng/mL,*** ferritin was 1716.3± 376μg/*** biopsy in one patient did not show any evidence of iron *** hepcidin and prohepcidin values in healthy controls(HCs)were 15.30±15.71 and 236.88±83.68 ng/mL,respectively,while serum ferritin was 110±128.08μg/*** was no statistical difference in serum hepcidin level between the two cohorts(19.1±18.6 ng/mL vs 15.30±15.71 ng/mL,P= 0.612)using two-tailed t-test. CONCLUSION:Serum hepcidin levels in HHCS patients is similar to that in *** study suggests that circulating ferritin is not a factor influencing hepcidin synthesis and does not have a role in the iron-sensing mechanism in hepatocytes.

关键词： Hereditary hyperferritinemia Hereditary hyperferritinemia cataract syndrome Hepcidin Hepcidin assay Iron-sensing mechanism Iron responsive element Ferritin

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普适计算推动数字技术在教育中的应用

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中国电化教育 2007年第1期 8-14页

作者： mark van't Hooft 夏天美国肯特州立大学教育技术研究中心美国俄亥俄州44242 华东师范大学教育信息技术系上海200062

本文介绍了普适计算(Ubiquitous Computing)及其在教育中的定位,同时回顾了普适计算的历史,介绍了普适计算的发展现状,探讨了当前对教育中普适计算的理解及其对教学的影响。本研究阐述了范在学习条件下,教学、学习、学习环境和师生交互... 详细信息

本文介绍了普适计算(Ubiquitous Computing)及其在教育中的定位,同时回顾了普适计算的历史,介绍了普适计算的发展现状,探讨了当前对教育中普适计算的理解及其对教学的影响。本研究阐述了范在学习条件下,教学、学习、学习环境和师生交互发生的变化,也总结了普适计算在教育应用中的一些不足,并展望普适计算教育应用的未来。

关键词：普适计算移动设备因特网社会性软件工具教学学习

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