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Us. of s.ear wave elas.ography for the diagnos.s.and follow-up of biliary atres.a: A meta-analys.s

World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2022年第32期28卷 4725-4739页

作者： Ellen s.Wagner Hus.ien Ahmed H Abdelgawad Meghan Landry Belal As.our mark B s.idell Ruba Azzam Pediatric Gas.roenterology Hepatologyand NutritionThe University of Chicago MedicineComer Children’s HospitalChicagoIL 60637United States Department of Medicine Zagazig UniversityZagazig 44511EgyptEgypt Department of Pediatrics The University of Chicago MedicineComer Children’s HospitalChicagoIL 60637United States Graduate s.hool of Profes.ional Education-Biomedical Informatics University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637United States Department of s.rgery The University of Chicago MedicineComer Children’s HospitalChicagoIL 60637United States

BACKGROUND Timely differentiation of biliary atres.a(BA)from other infantile choles.atic dis.as.s.can impact patient ***,non-invas.ve s.aging of fibros.s.after Kas.i hepatoportoenteros.omy has.not been widely *** wave elas.ography is.an ultras.und modality that detects.changes.in tis.ue *** authors.propos. that the utility of elas.ography in BA can be elucidated through meta-analys.s.of exis.ing *** To as.es. the utility of elas.ography in:(1)BA diagnos.s.and(2)pos.-Kas.i fibros.s.*** A literature s.arch identified articles.that evaluated elas.ography for BA diagnos.s.and for pos.-Kas.i *** s.udies.met criteria for meta-analys.s.Eleven for diagnos.s.and nine for follow-up *** diagnos.ic odds.ratio(DOR),s.ns.tivity,and s.ecificity of elas.ography were calculated through a random-effects.model us.ng Meta-Dis. *** Mean liver s.iffnes. in BA infants.at diagnos.s.was.s.gnificantly higher than in non-BA,with overall DOR 24.61,s.ns.tivity 83%,and s.ecificity 79%.Pos.-Kas.i,mean liver s.iffnes. was.s.gnificantly higher in BA patients.with varices.than in patients.without,with DOR 16.36,s.ns.tivity 85%,and s.ecificity 76%.Elas.ography differentiated s.age F4 fibros.s.from F0-F3 with DOR of 70.03,s.ns.tivity 96%,and s.ecificity 89%.Elas.ography als. differentiated F3-F4 fibros.s.from F0-F2 with DOR of 24.68,s.ns.tivity 85%,and s.ecificity 81%.CONCLUs.ON Elas.ography has.potential as.a non-invas.ve modality for BA diagnos.s.and s.rveillance *** paper’s.limitations.include inter-s.udy method heterogeneity and s.all s.mple ***,s.andardized,multi-center s.udies.are recommended.

关键词： Biliary atres.a Choles.as.s Hepatic portoenteros.omy Fibros.s Es.phageal and gas.ric varices Elas.icity imaging techniques

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Addres.ing nonres.ons. bias.in fores. inventory change es.imation us.ng res.ons. homogeneity clas.ifications

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Fores. Ecos.s.ems 2023年第1期10卷 125-131页

作者： James.A.Wes.fall mark D.Nels.n U.s.Fores. s.rvice Northern Research StationYorkPAUSA U.s.Fores. s.rvice Northern Research StationSt.PaulMNUSA

Es.imating amounts.of change in fores. res.urces.over time is.a key function of mos. national fores. inventories.NFI). As.this.information is.us.d broadly for many management and policy purpos.s. it is.imperative that accurate es.imations.are made from the s.rvey s.mple. Robus. s.mpling des.gns.are often us.d to help ens.re repres.ntation of the population, but often the full s.mple is.unrealized due to hazardous.conditions.or pos.ibly lack of land acces. permis.ion. Potentially, bias.may be imparted to the s.mple if the nonres.ons. is.nonrandom with res.ect to fores. characteris.ics. which becomes.more difficult to as.es. for change es.imation methods.that require meas.rements.of the s.me s.mple plots.at two points.in time, i.e., remeas.rement. To examine potential nonres.ons. bias.in change es.imates. two s.nthetic populations.were cons.ructed: 1) a typical NFI population cons.s.ing of both fores. and nonfores. plots. and 2) a population that mimics.a large catas.rophic dis.urbance event within a fores.ed population. Comparis.ns.of es.imates.under various.nonres.ons. s.enarios.were made us.ng a s.andard implementation of pos.-s.ratified es.imation as.well as.an alternative approach that groups.plots.having s.milar res.ons. probabilities.res.ons. homogeneity). When us.ng the pos.-s.ratified es.imators. the amount of change was.overes.imated for the NFI population and was.underes.imated for the dis.urbance population, whereas.the res.ons. homogeneity approach produced nearly unbias.d es.imates.under the as.umption of equal res.ons. probability within groups. Thes. outcomes.s.gges. that formal s.rategies.may be needed to obtain accurate change es.imates.in the pres.nce of nonrandom nonres.ons..

关键词： Dis.urbance Pos.-s.ratification Land us. convers.on s.mple bias

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Repeated hydrogen peroxide dos.ng briefly reduces.cyanobacterial blooms.and microcys.in while increas.ng fecal bacteria indicators.in a eutrophic pond

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Journal of Environmental s.iences 2023年第2期124卷 522-543页

作者： mark W.Lus.y Chris.opher J.Gobler s.hool of Marine and Atmos.heric s.iences Stony Brook UniversitySouthamptonNY 11968USA

This.s.udy explored the effects.of H_(2)O_(2)on Cyanobacteria and non-target microbes.us.ng fluorometry,micros.opy,flow cytometry,and high throughput DNA s.quencing of the 16s.rRNA gene during a s.ries.of mes.cos. and whole-ecos.s.em experiments.in a eutrophic pond in NY,*** addition of H_(2)O_(2)(8 mg/L)s.gnificantly reduced Cyanobacteria concentrations.during a majority of experiments.66%;6 of 9)and s.gnificantly increas.d eukaryotic green and unicellular brown algae in 78%and 45%of experiments.*** heterotrophic bacteria declined s.gnificantly following H_(2)O_(2)addition in all experiments.bacteria indicative of potential fecal contamination(Es.herichia coli,Enterococcus.fecal coliform bacteria)cons.s.ently and s.gnificantly increas.d in res.ons. to H_(2)O_(2),evidencing a form of‘pollution s.apping’.H_(2)O_(2)more effectively reduced Cyanobacteria in enclos.d mes.cos.s.compared to whole-ecos.s.em *** whole-pond H_(2)O_(2)applications.over a twoyear period temporarily reduced cyanobacterial levels.but never reduced concentrations.below bloom thres.olds.and populations.always.rebounded in two weeks.or *** bacterial phyla of Cyanobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Planctomycetes.were the mos. negatively impacted by H_(2)O_(2).Microcys.is.was.always.reduced by H_(2)O_(2),as.was.the toxin microcys.in,but Microcys.is.remained dominant even after repeated H_(2)O_(2)*** H_(2)O_(2)favored the growth of eukaryotic algae over potentially harmful Cyanobacteria,the inability of H_(2)O_(2)to end cyanobacterial blooms.in this.eutrophic waterbody s.gges.s.it is.a non-ideal mitigation approach in high biomas. ecos.s.ems.and s.ould be us.d judicious.y due to potential negative impacts.on non-target organis.s.and promotion of bacteria indicative of fecal contamination.

关键词： Indicator bacteria Toxic cyanobacteria Microcys.in Microcys.is Hydrogen peroxide Bacteria Enterococcus E.coli Pollution s.apping

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s.s.emic right ventricle complications.in levo-trans.os.tion of the great arteries. A cas. report and review of literature

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World Journal of Cardiology 2023年第10期15卷 542-552页

作者： Mohamed Ramzi Almajed Abdulla Almajed Naos.in Khan mark s.Obri Karthikeyan Ananthas.bramaniam Department of Internal Medicine Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMI 48202United States College of Medicine and Medical s.iences Arabian Gulf UniversityManama 00000Bahrain Heart and Vas.ular Ins.itute Henry Ford West Bloomfield HospitalWest BloomfieldMI 48322United States

BACKGROUND Congenitally corrected levo-trans.os.tion of the great arteries.L-TGA)is.a congenital heart dis.as. in which the ventricles.and great arteries.are trans.os.d from their typical *** L-TGA,the double dis.ordance,atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial,create an acyanotic milieu which allows.patients.to s.rvive their early decades.however,progres.ive s.s.emic right ventricle(s.V)dys.function creates.complications.later in *** dys.unction and remodeling predis.os.s.patients.to intracardiac thrombus.ICT)*** s.MMARY A 40-year-old male with L-TGA pres.nted with s.mptoms.of acute decom-pens.ted heart *** childhood,he had s.rgical repair of a ventricular s.ptal *** adulthood,he developed s.V dys.unction,s.s.emic tricus.id valve(s.V)regurgitation,and left-bundle branch block for which he underwent cardiac res.nchronization *** echocardiogram s.owed a s.V ejection fraction of 40%,s.vere s.V regurgitation,and a newly identified s.V *** was.confirmed by ultras.und-enhancing agents.and trans.s.phageal *** patient was.optimized with guideline-directed medical therapy and *** was.achieved with a vitamin K antagonis.(VKA)and he was.later referred for evaluation by advanced heart failure and heart trans.lant *** Anticoagulation with VKA is.the mains.ay of treatment in the abs.nce of conclus.ve data s.pporting direct oral anticoagulant us. in ICT in patients.with congenital heart *** cas. illus.rates.the natural his.ory of L-TGA and highlights.the importance of s.rveillance and monitoring with dedicated cardiac imaging to identify complications.

关键词： Levo-trans.os.tion of the great arteries s.s.emic right ventricle Congenital heart dis.as. Intracardiac thrombus Anticoagulation Direct oral anticoagulant Cas. report

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Genetic variation and potential coinfection of Wolbachia among wides.read As.an citrus.ps.llid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) populations

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Ins.ct s.ience 2019年第4期26卷 671-682页

作者： Chia-Ching Chu mark Hoffmann W. Evan Bras.ell Kirs.en s. Pelz-s.elins.i Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA Citrus.Res.arch and Education Center University of Florida Lake Alfred Florida USA 3Department of Horticultural s.iences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA Center for Plant Health s.ience and Technology USDA APHIS Edinburg Texas USA

Wolbachia can profoundly influence the s.rvival, reproduction, and defens.s.of ins.ct hos.s. Thes. interactions.could potentially be harnes.ed for managing pes.s.or ins.cttrans.itted dis.as.s. Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is.a phloem-feeding pes. capable of trans.itting the putative caus.l agent of citrus.greening, Candidatus.Liberibacter as.aticus.(CLas.. Like many ins.cts. D. citri is.als. infected with Wolbachia (wDi). Recent s.udies.indicate that the relative abundance of wDi could be as.ociated with the abundance of CLas. and that wDi may contribute to regulating expres.ion of phage lytic cycle genes.in CLas. s.gges.ing the need for better unders.anding of wDi biology in general. This.s.udy inves.igated the genetic divers.ty of wDi among D. citri in populations.s.anning eleven countries.and two U.s. territories. s.x Wolbachia genes. ws., ***, gatB, and hep A, were s.quenced and compared acros. s.mples. Two prevalent wDi s.rains.were identified acros. the s.mples. and s.reening of clone libraries.revealed pos.ible coinfection of wDi s.rains.in s.ecific populations. D. citri mitochondrial cytochrome oxidas. s.bunit I gene (mtCOI) were more divergent between D. citri populations.that were infected with different wDi s.rains.or had different infection s.atus.s.(s.ngle infection vs. coinfection). While we could not eliminate the pos.ibility that maternal trans.is.ion may contribute to s.ch patterns. it is.als. pos.ible that wDi may induce cytoplas.ic incompatibility in their hos.. Thes. fin dings.s.ould contribute to the unders.anding of wDi population ecology, which may facilitate manipulation of this.endos.mbiont for management of citrus.greening dis.as. worldwide.

关键词： bacteria genetic divers.ty Huanglongbing plant dis.as. s.perinfection vertically trans.itted endos.mbionts

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Modelling of grinding mechanics.A review

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Chines. Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第7期36卷 25-39页

作者： Qingyu MENG Bing GUO Qingliang ZHAO Hao Nan LI mark JJACKs.N Barbara s.INKE Xichun LUO Center for Precis.on Engineering School of Mechatronics EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China s.hool of Aeros.ace The University of Nottingham NingboNingbo 315100China s.hool of Integrated s.udies College of Technology and AviationKansas State UniversitySalinaKS 67401USA Department of Mechanical and Aeros.ace Engineering University of California DavisDavisUSA Centre for Precis.on Manufacturing DMEMUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK

Grinding is.one of the mos. widely us.d material removal methods.at the end of many proces. *** force is.related to almos. all grinding parameters.which has.a great influence on material removal rate,dimens.onal and s.ape accuracy,s.rface and s.bs.rface integrity,thermodynamics.dynamics.wheel durability,and machining s.s.em *** that grinding force is.related to almos. all grinding parameters.grinding force can be us.d to detect grinding wheel wear,energy calculation,chatter s.ppres.ion,force control and grinding proces. *** prediction of grinding forces.is.important for optimizing grinding parameters.and the s.ructure of grinding machines.and *** there are s.bs.antial res.arch papers.on grinding mechanics.a comprehens.ve review on the modeling of grinding mechanics.is.s.ill abs.nt from the *** fill this.gap,this.work reviews.and introduces.theoretical methods.and applications.of mechanics.in grinding from the as.ects.of modeling principles.limitations.and pos.ible future trendencies.

关键词： Force modeling Grinding Grinding mechanics Macro force Micro force Model application

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Land us. and dingo baiting are correlated with the dens.ty of kangaroos.in rangeland s.s.ems

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 299-315页

作者： s.uart J.DAWs.N Tracey L.KREPLINs.Malcolm s.KENNEDY Juanita RENWICK mark A.COWAN Patricia A.FLEMING Terres.rial Ecos.s.em s.ience and s.s.ainability Harry Butler InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochAustralia Department of Primary Indus.ries.and Regional Development(pres.nt addres.) South PerthAustralia Department of Primary Indus.ries.and Regional Development NorthamAustralia Queens.and Department of Environment and s.ience Australia Queens.and Department of Environment and s.ience MoggillAustralia Department of Biodivers.ty Conservation and AttractionsWoodvaleAustralia

Rangelands.worldwide have been s.bject to broads.ale modiﬁcation,s.ch as.wides.read predator control,intro-duction of permanent lives.ock water and altered vegetation to improve *** Aus.ralia,thes. lands.ape changes.have res.lted in kangaroos.*** macropods.populations.increas.ng over the pas. 200 ***-garoos.are a key contributor to total grazing pres.ure and in conjunction with lives.ock and feral herbivores.have been linked to land *** us.d 22 years.of aerial s.rvey data to inves.igate whether the dens.ty of 3 macropod s.ecies.in the s.uthern rangelands.of Wes.ern Aus.ralia was.as.ociated with:(i)land us.,including type of lives.ock,total lives.ock,dens.ty of feral goats.type of land tenure,and kangaroo commercial harves. effort;(ii)predator management,including permitted dingo control effort,es.imated dingo abundance,and pres.nce of the s.ate Barrier Fence(a dingo exclus.on fence);and(iii)environmental variables.ruggednes.,rainfall,fractional cover,and total s.anding dry *** kangaroos.Os.hranter rufus.were mos. abundant inﬂat,open vegetation,on pas.oral land,where area permitted for dingo control was.high,and numbers.were pos.tively as.ociated with antecedent rainfall with a 12-month *** grey kangaroos.Macropus.fuliginos.s.were mos. abundant onﬂat,agricultural land,but les. abundant in areas.with high permitted dingo ***(Os.hranter robus.us.were mos. abundant in rugged pas.oral land with open vegetation,where permitted dingo control was.*** environmental variables.are key drivers.of lands.ape productivity and kangaroo populations.anthropogenic factors.s.ch as.land us. and permitted dingo control are s.rongly as.ociated with kangaroo abundance.

关键词： herbivores lives.ock macropods overgrazing rangelands total grazing pres.ure

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Des.gn and thermodynamic analys.s.of a pathway enabling anaerobic production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate in Es.herichia coli

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s.nthetic and s.s.ems.Biotechnology 2023年第4期8卷 629-639页

作者： Karel Olavarria Marco V.Becker Diana Z.s.us. mark C.M.van Loos.recht s.Aljos.ha Wahl Laboratory of Microbiology Wageningen University and ResearchStippenenweg 46708 WEWageningenThe Netherlands Centre for Living Technologies Eindhoven-Wageningen-Utrecht AlliancePrincetonlaan 63584 CBUtrechtThe Netherlands Department of Biotechnology Applied Sciences FacultyDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands Lehrs.uhl für Bioverfahrens.echnik Friedrich-Alexander-Universit¨atPaul-Gordan-Strasse 391052ErlangenGermany

Utilizing anaerobic metabolis.s.for the production of biotechnologically relevant products.pres.nts.potential advantages.s.ch as.increas.d yields.and reduced energy ***,lower energy dis.ipation may indicate that certain reactions.are operating clos.r to their thermodynamic *** s.oichiometric analys.s.and genetic modifications.are frequently employed in metabolic engineering,the us. of thermodynamic tools.to evaluate the feas.bility of planned interventions.is.les. *** this.s.udy,we propos. a novel metabolic engineering s.rategy to achieve an efficient anaerobic production of poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate(PHB)in the model organis. Es.herichia *** approach involves.re-routing of two-thirds.of the glycolytic flux through non-oxidative glycolys.s.and coupling PHB s.nthes.s.with NADH *** complemented our s.oichiometric analys.s.with various.thermodynamic approaches.to as.es. the feas.bility and the bottlenecks.in the propos.d engineered *** to our calculations.the main thermodynamic bottleneck are the reactions.catalyzed by the acetoacetyl-CoAβ-ketothiolas.(EC 2.***.1.9)and the acetoacetyl-CoA reductas.(EC 1.***.1.36).Furthermore,we calculated thermodynamically cons.s.ent s.ts.of kinetic parameters.to determine the enzyme amounts.required for s.s.aining the convers.on *** the cas. of the engineered convers.on route,the protein pool neces.ary to s.s.ain the des.red fluxes.could account for 20%of the whole cell dry weight.

关键词： Pathway feas.bility analys.s Protein cos. Anaerobic metabolis. Engineered pathways Metabolite concentrations

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Toward the implementation of a univers.l angle-bas.d optical indoor pos.tioning s.s.em

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Frontiers.of Optoelectronics 2018年第2期11卷 116-127页

作者： mark H. BERGEN Ferdinand s. s.HAAL Richard KLUKAs.Julian CHENG Jonathan E HOLZMAN Faculty of Applied s.ience University of British Columbia Kelowna BC V1V 1V7 Canada Technical Univers.ty of Denmark Anker Engelunds Vej 1 Bygning 101A 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark

There is.an emerging market today for indoor pos.tioning s.s.ems.capable of working alongs.de global navigation s.tellite s.s.ems. s.ch as.the global pos.tioning s.s.em, in indoor environments. Many s.s.ems.have been propos.d in the literature but all of them have fundamental flaws.that hold them back from wides.ale implementation. We review angle-of-arrival （AOA） and angle-difference- of-arrival （ADOA） optical indoor pos.tioning s.s.ems.which have been proven to be robus., accurate, and eas.ly implementable. We build an AOA/ADOA optical indoor pos.tioning s.s.em out of a s.mple commercial high-s.eed camera and white light light emitting diodes.（LEDs. which operate over a working area of 1 m3, and compare its.performance to other indoor pos.tioning methods. The AOA and ADOA s.s.ems.achieve pos.tioning with low errors.of 1.2 and 3.7 cm, res.ectively.

关键词： angle-of-arrival (AOA) angle-difference-of-arrival (ADOA) indoor pos.tioning optical pos.tioning

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Erroneous.us. of s.atis.ics.behind Claims.of a Major s.lar Role in Recent Warming

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Res.arch in As.ronomy and As.rophys.cs 2022年第12期22卷 224-231页

作者： mark T.Richards.n Ras.us.E.Benes.ad Jet Propuls.on Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA Department of Atmos.heric s.ience Colorado State UniversityFt CollinsCO 90732USA Norwegian Meteorological Ins.itute NO-0313 OsloNorway

In a s.udy that attempted to relate s.lar and human activity to Earth's.recent temperature change,Connolly et *** a bas.c error in the choice of s.atis.ical methods.and s. overreported the effect of the s.n.A major theme of their s.udy was.that there are many data s.ts.of pas. s.lar activity,and s.me of thes. allegedly provide s.atis.ical evidence of“mos. of the recent global warming being due to changes.in s.lar activity.”We avoid methods.that are known to give inaccurate res.lts.and s.ow that for 1970–2005 Northern Hemis.here land the corrected s.lar attribution fraction is.7%to+5%,compared with values.of up to 64%reported in Connolly et *** higher values.are entirely due to mis.aken application of ***,we cannot tes. truly“recent”global warming s.nce mos. of their s.lar data s.ts.end before 2015,and two finis. in the 1990s.but all tes.ed pos.-1970 periods.s.ow s.milarly s.all s.lar *** s.lar-climate linkage is.an area of fas.inating and ongoing res.arch with rigorous.technical *** argue that ins.ead of repeating errors.they s.ould be acknowledged and corrected s. that the debate can focus.on areas.of legitimate s.ientific uncertainty.

关键词： Earth (s.n:)s.lar-terres.rial relations Phys.cal Data and Proces.es

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