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Identification of factors predicting scar outcome after burn inj.ry in children:a prospective case-control study

Burns & Trauma 2017年第3期5卷 186-198页

作者： Hilary j. Wallace mark W. Fear Margaret M. Crowe Lisa j. Martin Fiona M. Wood Burn Inj.ry Research Unit Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia Burn Inj.ry Research Unit Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western Australia M318 35 Stirling Highway Crawley 6009 WA Australia Burn Inj.ry Research Unit Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia Burns Service of Western Australia Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth WA Australia Burn Inj.ry Research Unit Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia Burns Service of Western Australia Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth WA Australia

Background:There is a lack of rigorous research investigating the factors that influence scar outcome in children. Improved clinical decision-making to reduce the health burden due to post-burn scarring in children will be guided by evidence on risk factors and risk stratification. This study aimed to examine the association between selected patient, inj.ry and clinical factors and the development of raised scar after burn inj.ry. Novel patient factors were investigated including selected immunological co-morbidities (asthma, eczema and diabetes type 1 and type 2) and skin pigmentation (Fitzpatrick skin type). Methods:A prospective case-control study was conducted among 186 children who sustained a burn inj.ry in Western Australia. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between explanatory variables and a defined outcome measure:scar height measured by a modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS). Results:The overall correct prediction rate of the model was 80.6%;80.9%for children with raised scars (>1 mm) and 80.4%for children without raised scars (≤1 mm). After adj.stment for other variables, each 1%increase in%total body surface area (%TBSA) of burn increased the odds of raised scar by 15.8%(95%CI=4.4-28.5%). Raised scar was also predicted by time to healing of longer than 14 days (OR=11.621;95%CI=3.727-36.234) and multiple surgical procedures (OR=11.521;1.994-66.566). Conclusions:Greater burn surface area, time to healing of longer than 14 days, and multiple operations are independently associated with raised scar in children after burn inj.ry. Scar prevention strategies should be targeted to children with these risk factors.

关键词： Burns Wound healing Hypertrophic scar Risk factors Children

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Comparison between vitrified bond and resin bond diamond grinding wheel in grinding PDC

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金刚石与磨料磨具工程 2008年第5期28卷 12-15页

作者： Zhang Xiaofu Zhang Hongxia Lu Anxian mark j. j.ckson School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450052 China Centre for Advanced Manufacturing MET Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA

In this research,the advantages and disadvantages of the cylindrical grinding process of Polycrystalline Diamond Compacts(short for PDC) with vitrified and resin bond diamond grinding wheel are *** research results show that the vitrified bond diamond grinding wheels,which use Ti-coated diamond grains as abrasive and glass ceramic as bond,have many advantages in grinding *** with resin diamond grinding wheel,vitrified bond wheels lead to 35% grinding cost reduced,40% grinding time of each PDC saved,and the size precision of PDC improved(from ±0.03mm to ±0.01mm).When grinding feed is <0.10 mm,the grinding ratio increases with increased grinding ***,when the grinding feed exceeds 0.10 mm,the grinding radio decreases rapidly with the increasing of grinding *** disadvantage of this kind of grinding wheel is that the brightness of the ground PDC cylinder is not as shining as that processed by resin bond diamond grinding wheel.

关键词：树脂金刚石砂轮磨削工艺

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Comments by opponents on the British Medical Association’s guidance on non-therapeutic male circumcision of children seem one-sided and may undermine public health

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World j.urnal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第5期12卷 244-262页

作者： Stephen Moreton Guy Cox mark Sheldon Stefan A Bailis j.ffrey D Klausner Brian j.Morris CircFacts Warrington WA51HYCheshireUnited Kingdom Australian Centre for Microscopy&Microanalysis and School of Aeronautical Mechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydney 2006New South WalesAustralia Medical Humanities and Bioethics Program Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60661United States Cornerstone Therapy&Recovery Center St.PaulMN 55101United States Department of Medicine Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States School of Medical Sciences University of SydneySydney 2006New South WalesAustralia

The British Medical Association(BMA)guidance on non-therapeutic circumcision(NTMC)of male children is limited to ethical,legal and religious *** we evaluate criticisms of the BMA’s guidance by Lempert et *** their arguments promoting autonomy and consent might be superficially appealing,their claim of high procedural risks and negligible benefits seem one-sided and contrast with high quality evidence of low risk and lifelong *** literature reviews by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in developing evidence-based policies,as well as risk-benefit analyses,have found that the medical benefits of infant NTMC greatly exceed the risks,and there is no reduction in sexual function and *** BMA’s failure to consider the medical benefits of early childhood NTMC may partly explain why this prophylactic intervention is discouraged in the United *** consequence is higher prevalence of preventable infections,adverse medical conditions,suffering and net costs to the UK’s National Health Service for treatment of *** of the issues and contradictions in the BMA guidance identified by Lempert et al stem from the BMA’s guidance not being sufficiently ***,that document called for a review by others of the medical issues surrounding *** societal factors apply,ultimately,NTMC can only be j.stified rationally on scientific,evidence-based *** are entitled to an accurate presentation of the medical evidence so that they can make an informed *** decision either for or against NTMC should then be respected.

关键词： Circumcision,Male Child Infections Risk Policy Public health

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Neuronal failure in Alzheimer's disease: a view through the oxidative stress looking-glass

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2014年第2期30卷 243-252页

作者： David j. Bonda Xinglong Wang Hyoung-Gon Lee mark A. Smith George Perry Xiongwei Zhu Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University UTSA Neurosciences Institute and Department of Biology University of Texas at San Antonio

Considerable debate and controversy surround the cause（s） of AIzheimer＇s disease （AD）. To date, several theories have gained notoriety, however none is universally accepted. In this review, we provide evidence for the oxidative stress-induced AD cascade that posits aged mitochondria as the critical origin of neurodegeneration in AD.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta free radicals mitochondria mitochondrial dynamics oxidativestress

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A new framework for reverse cholesterol transport: Non-biliary contributions to reverse cholesterol transport

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2010年第47期16卷 5946-5952页

作者： Ryan E Temel j.mark Brown Department of Pathology Section on Lipid SciencesWake Forest University School of Medicine

Reduction of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol through statin therapy has only modestly decreased coronary heart disease (CHD)-associated mortality in developed countries, which has prompted the search for alternative therapeutic strategies for CHD. Maj.r efforts are now focused on therapies that augment high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), and ultimately increase the fecal disposal of cholesterol. The process of RCT has long been thought to simply involve HDL-mediated delivery of peripheral cholesterol to the liver for biliary excretion out of the body. However, recent studies have revealed a novel pathway for RCT that does not rely on biliary secretion. This nonbiliary pathway rather involves the direct excretion of cholesterol by the proximal small intestine. Compared to RCT therapies that augment biliary sterol loss, modulation of non-biliary fecal sterol loss through the intestine is a much more attractive therapeutic strategy, given that excessive biliary cholesterol secretion can promote gallstone formation. However, we are at an early stage in understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the non-biliary pathway for RCT, and much additional work is required in order to effectively target this pathway for CHD prevention. The purpose of this review is to discuss our current understanding of biliary and nonbiliary contributions to RCT with particular emphasis on the possibility of targeting the intestine as an inducible cholesterol secretory organ.

关键词： Cholesterol Intestine Bile Lipoprotein Reverse cholesterol transport

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Myeloid immunosuppression and immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第1期17卷 1-12页

作者： Kyohei Nakamura mark j.Smyth Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerston 4006 QLDAustralia

Tumor-promoting inflammation and the avoidance of immune destruction are hallmarks of *** innate immune cells,such as neutrophils,monocytes,and macrophages,are critical mediators for sterile and nonsterile inflammation,persistent inflammation,such as that which occurs in cancer,is known to disturb normal *** disturbance leads to the generation of immunosuppressive myeloid cells,such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)and tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs).Due to their potent suppressive activities against effector lymphocytes and their abundance in the tumor microenvironment,immunosuppressive myeloid cells act as a maj.r barrier to cancer ***,various therapeutic approaches directed toward immunosuppressive myeloid cells are actively being tested in preclinical and clinical *** include antiinflammatory agents,therapeutic blockade of the mobilization and survival of myeloid cells,and immunostimulatory *** recently,immune checkpoint molecules expressed on tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells have emerged as potential therapeutic targets to redirect these cells to eliminate tumor *** this review,we discuss the complex crosstalk between cancer-related inflammation and immunosuppressive myeloid cells and possible therapeutic strategies to harness antitumor immune responses.

关键词： myeloid macrophage innate immunity immune checkpoint inflammation

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Ecological monophagy in Tasmanian Graphium macleayanum moggana with evolutionary reflections of ancient angiosperm hosts

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Insect Science 2006年第6期13卷 451-460页

作者： j. mark SCRIBER GEOFF R. ALLEN PAUL W. WALKER School of Agricultural Science/TIAR University of Tasmania Hobart Australia Department of Entomology Michigan StateUniversity East Lansing Michigan USA

Local host plant specialization in an insect herbivore may be caused by numerous factors, including host-specific natural enemy pressures or a local lack of suitable host-plant choices that are available elsewhere in its range. Such local specialization or ＂ecological monophagy＇, for whatever reason, may reflect reduced ability to behaviourally accept or physiologically utilize other allopatric hosts that are naturally used elsewhere by the species. We tested this feeding specialization hypothesis using the Tasmanian subspecies of Macleay＇s swallowtail butterfly, Graphium macleayanum moggana （Papilionidae）, which uses only a single host-plant species, Antherosperma moschatum （southern sassafras, of the Monlmiaceae）. Further north, this same butterfly species （G. m. macleayanum） uses at least 13 host-plant species from seven genera and four families （Lauraceae, Rutaceae, Winteraceae, and Monlmiaceae）. Our larval feeding assays with G. m. moggana from Tasmania showed that certain Magnoliaceae and Lauraceae could support some larval growth to pupation. However, such growth was slower and survival was lower than observed on their normal southern sassafras host （Monimiaceae）. We also found that toxicity of particular plant species varied tremendously within plant families （for both the Magnoliceae and the Monlmiaceae）.

关键词： Antherosperma detoxification Lauraceae Magnoliaceae Monimiaceae Papilionldae phytochemistry Rutaceae specialist swallowtail butterflies Winteraceae

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Investigation of androgen receptor-dependent alternative splicing has identified a unique subtype of lethal prostate cancer

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Asian j.urnal of Andrology 2023年第3期25卷 296-308页

作者： Sean Seltzer Paresa N Giannopoulos Tarek A Bismar mark Trifiro Miltiadis Paliouras Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research Segal Cancer Centre-Jewish General HospitalMontrealQC H3T 1E2Canada Cumming School of Medicine Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Medicine Division of Experimental MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQC H4A 3J1Canada Department of Oncology McGill UniversityMontrealQC H4A 3T2Canada

A complete proteomics study characterizing active androgen receptor(AR)complexes in prostate cancer(PCa)cells identified a diversity of protein interactors with tumorigenic annotations,including known RNA splicing ***,we chose to further investigate the functional role of AR-mediated alternative RNA splicing in PCa disease *** selected two AR-interacting RNA splicing factors,Src associated in mitosis of 68 kDa(SAM68)and DEAD(Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp)box helicase 5(DDX5)to examine their associative roles in AR-dependent alternative RNA *** assess the true physiological role of AR in alternative RNA splicing,we assessed splicing profiles of LNCaP PCa cells using exon microarrays and correlated the results to PCa clinical *** a result,we were able to highlight alternative splicing events of clinical *** use of exon-mini gene cassettes illustrated hormone-dependent AR-mediated exon-inclusion splicing events with SAM68 or exon-exclusion splicing events with DDX5 *** physiological significance in PCa was investigated through the application of clinical exon array analysis,where we identified exon-gene sets that were able to delineate aggressive disease progression profiles and predict patient disease-free outcomes independently of pathological clinical *** a clinical dataset with patients categorized as prostate cancer-specific death(PCSD),these exon gene sets further identified a select group of patients with extremely poor disease-free ***,these results strongly suggest a nonclassical role of AR in mediating robust alternative RNA splicing in ***,AR-mediated alternative spicing contributes to aggressive PCa progression,where we identified a new subtype of lethal PCa defined by AR-dependent alternative splicing.

关键词： alternative RNA splicing androgen receptor exon-gene sets lethal prostate cancer subtype prostate cancer

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Avalonia,get bent!–Paleomagnetism from SW Iberia confirms the Greater Cantabrian Orocline

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第2期12卷 805-825页

作者： Bruno Daniel Leite Mendes Daniel Pastor-Galan mark j.Dekkers Wout Krij.sman Paleomagnetic Laboratory Fort Hoofddij. Department of Earth SciencesUtrecht UniversityBudapestlaan 173584CDthe Netherlands Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences Tohoku UniversityJapan Department Earth Science Tohoku UniversityJapan Center for North East Asia Studies Tohoku University980-857641 KawauchiAoba-kuSendaiMiyagiJapan

The amalgamation of Pangea formed the contorted Variscan-Alleghanian orogen,suturing Gondwana and Laurussia during the *** all swirls of this orogen,a double curve in Iberia stands out,the coupled Cantabrian Orocline and Central Iberian *** Cantabrian Orocline formed at ca.315–290 Ma subsequent to the Variscan *** formation mechanism of the Cantabrian Orocline is disputed,the most commonly proposed mechanisms include either(1)that south-westernmost Iberia would be an Avalonian(Laurussian)indenter or(2)that the stress field changed,buckling the *** contrast,the geometry and kinematics of the Central Iberian curve are largely *** some authors defend both curvatures are genetically linked,others support they are distinct and formed at different *** uncertainty adds an extra layer of complexity to our understanding of the final stages of Pangea’s *** solve these issues,we study the late Carboniferous–early Permian vertical-axis rotations of SW Iberia with *** results show up to 70counterclockwise vertical-axis rotations during late Carboniferous times,concurring with the anticipated kinematics if SW Iberia was part of the southern limb of the Cantabrian *** results do not allow the necessary penecontemporaneous clockwise rotations in Central Iberia to support a concomitant formation of both Cantabrian and Central Iberian *** coherent rotation of both Gondwanan and Avalonian pieces of SW Iberia discards the Laurussian indenter hypothesis as a formation mechanism of the Cantabrian Orocline and confirms the Greater Cantabrian Orocline *** Greater Cantabrian Orocline likely formed as a consequence of a change in the stress field during the late Carboniferous and extended beyond the Rheic Ocean suture affecting the margins of both Laurussia and Gondwana.

关键词： Pangea Variscan orogeny Greater Cantabrian Orocline Paleomagnetism Central Iberian curve

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Advances in diagnosis,treatment and palliation of cholangiocarcinoma:1990-2009

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2009年第34期15卷 4240-4262页

作者： Murad Alj.ffry mark j.Walsh Michele Molinari Department of Surgery Queen Elizabeth II Health Science CentreDalhousie University

Several advances in diagnosis,treatment and palliation of cholangiocarcinoma(CC)have occurred in the last decades.A multidisciplinary approach to this disease is therefore *** is a relatively rare tumor and the main risk factors are:chronic inflammation, genetic predisposition and congenital abnormalities of the biliary *** the incidence of intra-hepatic CC is increasing,the incidence of extra-hepatic CC is trending *** only curative treatment for CC is surgical resection with negative *** transplantation has been proposed only for selected patients with hilar CC that cannot be resected who have no metastatic disease after a period of neoadj.vant chemo-radiation *** resonance imaging/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography,positron emission tomography scan,endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography scans are the most frequently used modalities for diagnosis and tumor *** therapy,palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been relatively ineffective for inoperable *** most of these patients biliary stenting provides effective *** therapy is an emerging palliative treatment that seems to provide pain relief,improve biliary patency and increase survival. The clinical utility of other emerging therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization,hepatic arterial chemoinfusion and high intensity intraductal ultrasound needs further study.

关键词：放射治疗诊断胆管磁共振成像癌手术切除先天性畸形正电子发射

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