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Direct evidence of microbiological water quality changes on bacterial quantity and community caused by plumbing system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第6期34卷 175-183页

作者： Jun Li Anran Ren ed van der mark Gang Liu Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Centre for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Dunea Water Company Plaza of the United Nations 11-15Zoetermeer 2700 ATthe Netherlands Sanitary engineering Department of Water managementFaculty of Civil Engineering and GeosciencesDelft University of TechnologyDelft 2600 GAthe Netherlands

Drinking water quality deteriorates from treatment plant to customer taps, especially in the plumbing system. There is no direct evidence about what the differences are contributed by plumbing system. This study compared the water quality in the water main and at customer tap by preparing a sampling tap on the water main. The biomass was quantified by adenosine triphosphate(ATP) and the microbial community was profiled by 454 *** results showed that in distribution pipes, biofilm contributed >94% of the total biomass,while loose deposits showed little contribution(arding both quantity(ATP 1 ng/L vs. 1.7 ng/L) and community of the bacteria. Whereas the plumbing system has significant contribution to the increase of active biomass(1.7 ng/L vs. 2.9 ng/L) and the changes of bacterial community. The relative abundance of Sphingomonas spp. at tap(22%) was higher than that at water main(2%), while the relative abundance of Pseudomonas spp. in tap water(15%) was lower than that in the water from street water main(29%). Though only one location was prepared and studied, the present study showed that the protocol of making sampling tap on water main offered directly evidences about the impacts of plumbing system on tap water quality, which makes it possible to distinguish and study the processes in distribution system and plumbing system separately.

关键词： Drinking water distribution system Plumbing system Microbiological water quality Sampling program 454 pyrosequencing

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Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaemic stroke: data from the RIGHT- 2 randomised sham- controlled ambulance trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： Jason Philip Appleton Lisa J Woodhouse Craig S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley Cala mark Dixon Timothy J England Kailash Krishnan Grant Mair Keith W Muir John Potter Christopher I Price Marc Randall Thompson G Robinson Christine Roffe Else C Sandset Jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena Joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg Philip M Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied HealthResearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of Medicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurology and Psychology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Champion Research and education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK Department of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Research and Development Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Research and Graduate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Community and Health Research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background The effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasodilator)on clinical outcome when administered before hospital admission in suspected stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and efficacy of GTN in the prespecified subgroup of patients who had an ischaemic stroke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).Methods RIGHT-2 was an ambulance-based multicentre sham-controlled blinded-endpoint study with patients randomised within 4hours of *** primary outcome was a shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale(mRS)at day *** outcomes included death;a global analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing Barthel Index,EuroQol-5D,mRS,telephone interview for cognitive status-modified and Zung depression scale;and neuroimaging-determined‘brain frailty’*** were reported as n(%),mean(SD),median[IQR],adjusted common OR(acOR),mean difference or Mann-Whitney difference(MWD)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diagnosis of ischaemic stroke;age 75(12)years,premorbid mRS>2107(18%),Glasgow Coma Scale 14(2)and time from onset to randomisation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was common:median score 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influence the primary outcome(acOR for increased disability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analysis(MWD 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-significant interactions suggesting GTN may be associated with more death and dependency in participants randomised within 1hour of symptom onset and in those with more severe *** In patients who had an ischaemic stroke,ultra-acute administration of transdermal GTN in the ambulance did not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and radiological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC⇒Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was associat-ed with less death and dependency in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate random

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Exploring attendance at emergency departments for children with non-urgent conditions in Turkey: a qualitative study of parents and healthcare staff perspectives

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2022年第2期2卷 50-60页

作者： Ahmet Butun Fiona Lynn Jennifer McGaughey Katrina McLaughlin mark Linden Faculty of Health Sciences Mardin Artuklu UniversityKampus YerleskesiArtuklu/MardinTurkey School of Nursing and Midwifery Queen’s University BelfastMedical Biology CentreBelfastNorthern Ireland School of Psychology Queen’s University BelfastDavid Keir BuildingBelfastNorthern Ireland

Background:Overcrowding in Emergency Departments(eds)is a significant global concern with negative consequences for patients,healthcare staff,and healthcare *** use of eds by parents of children with non-urgent conditions is associated with overcrowding,higher healthcare costs,lower quality of care,and longer waiting *** in this area has largely been conducted in high-income countries,with a dearth of work originating in middle and low-income *** aim of this study was to explore the reasons for parents attending eds with their child for non-urgent conditions in ***:Semi-structuredinterviews wereconductedwith 13parents,15 edstaff,and10GeneralPractitioners(GPs)in2 regions of Turkey between March and May *** were analyzed using the principles of grounded ***:The findings were classified into 5 core categories:(1)parents’feelings,knowledge,and perceived inability to provide self-care;(2)perceived limitationsofhealthcare services,system,and staff;(3)parents’preferencesforhospital anded services;(4)adverse impact on ed services;and(5)perceived needs for ***:This is the first study conducted in a middle-income country regarding parental reasons for using the ed for non-urgent *** efforts must be made to reduce unnecessary visits to the ed to better meet service user needs and to increase the satisfaction of both parents and healthcare *** findings of this study may inform healthcare providers,policymakers,healthcare staff,and researchers to design interventions in order to mitigate overcrowding in the ed.

关键词： Emergency departments Healthcare staff experiences Non-urgent Overcrowding Parent experiences Qualitative research

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What do most erectile dysfunction guidelines have in common？ No evidence-based discussion or recommendation of heart-healthy lifestyle changes and/or Panax ginseng

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第6期14卷 830-841页

作者： mark A Moyad Kwangsung Park Department of Urology Ann Arbor MI 49109-0330 USA Department of Urology Chonnam National University Medical School Sexual Medicine Research Center Chonnam National University Gwangju 501-757 Korea

Sexual health or erectile dysfunction （ed） state of the art guidelines provide a thorough overview of conventional prescription or other notable extrinsic treatment options. Yet, over the past 10-15 years, a plethora of international researchers have established that individual and comprehensive lifestyle changes can prevent and potentially improve ed. We review the lifestyle evidence that should equate to grade A or level 1 evidence recommendations for ed. We also review the evidence for Panaxginseng, an over-the-counter （OTC） dietary supplement with a 35-year history of laboratory investigations, multiple positive randomized trials over approximately 15 years and several independent meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Perhaps it is time to at least discuss and even emphasize lifestyle and other non-conventional interventions in ed guidelines so that patients can explore a diversity of potentially synergistic choices with their physicians and can improve their quality and quantity of life. Ignoring the consistent, positive data on lifestyle modifications in ed guidelines, for example, is tantamount to ignoring diet and lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of or ameliorate cardiovascular diseases.

关键词： diet erectile dysfunction lifestyle Panaxginseng sexual health

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Elimination of onchocerciasis in Africa by 2025:the need for a broad perspective

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第4期8卷 106-106页

作者： ed Cupp Mauricio Sauerbrey Vitaliano Cama mark Eberhard Patrick J.Lammie Thomas R.Unnasch 不详 Center for Global Health Infectious Diseases University of South Florida College of Public Health3720 Spectrum BlvdSuite 304TampaFL 33612USA

Background:In response to the recent publication Is onchocerciasis elimination in Africa feasible by 2025:a perspective based on lessons learnt from the African control programmes"by Dadzie et al.,it is important to clarify and highlight the positive and unequivocal research and operational contributions from the American experience towards the worldwide elimination of human onchocerciasis(river blindness).Main text:The strategies of twice or more rounds of mass drug administration(MDA)of ivermectin per year,as well as the use of OV-16 serology have allowed four American countries to be verified by World Health Organization to have eliminated transmission of Onchocerca volvulus,the etiological *** advances were also implemented in Sudan and Uganda;currently,both are the only African countries where ivermectin MDA was safely stopped in several transmission ***:Programmatic treatment and evaluation approaches,pioneered in the Americas,are the most efficient among the existing tools for elimination,and their broader use could catalyze the successful elimination of this disease in Africa.

关键词： Onchocerciasis Ivermectin Onchocerciasis in the Americas Elimination African Programme for onchocerciasis control Onchocerciasis control program of West Africa

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The university graduate training for the future engineering as exemplified by VEC-BEN collaboration （12 institutes from 4 continents）

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2013年第3期2卷 373-376页

作者： mark Bomberg Faras Tse McMaster University Hamilton L8S 4L8 Canada

1. Introduction The first problem with ＂internationatising＂ the graduate study in developing countries is the lack of foreign language skirts of the students. The first author is currentty teaching on three universi... 详细信息

关键词： university graduate training future engineering as exemplified collaboration

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Gilbert's living with art. 6th ed. /

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2002年

作者： Getlein, mark.

Rev. ed. of: Living with art. 1998.

ISBN: (纸本)0072317264

Rev. ed. of: Living with art. 1998.

关键词： Art appreciation.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Potential impact of early physiotherapy in the emergency department for non-traumatic neck and back pain

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世界急诊医学杂志(英文) 2017年第2期8卷 110-115页

作者： Pothiawala Sohil Pua Yong Hao Leong mark Department of Emergency Medicine Singapore General Hospital Singapore Department of Physiotherapy Singapore GeneralHospital Singapore

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal complaints, especially non-traumatic neck and back pain, are routinely encountered in the emergency department(ed) and lead to ed overcrowding, a burgeoning wait time for physiotherapy and outpatient orthopedic reviews. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of early physiotherapy evaluation and treatment(EPET) vs. standard care(SC) on clinical outcomes for patients presenting to the ed with non-traumatic neck and back ***: A retrospective observational study of 125 patients who presented to the ed with non-traumatic neck and back pain with/without peripheral symptoms from July 2010 to February 2011. Neck Disability Index(NDI), Modifi ed Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire(MODI) and 11-point Numeric Pain Rating Scale were used as outcome measures and compared between groups at a mean of 34 days from their initial ed ***: We identifi ed a total of 125 patients. EPET group comprised 62 patients(mean age, 45 years; men, 63%) and SC group comprised 63 patients(mean age, 45 years; men, 43%). The EPET and SC groups received physiotherapy at a median of 4 and 34 days respectively from their fi rst ed visit. EPET patients had signifi cantly lower levels of disability(9.0% vs. 33.4%, Welch t-test, Pedian value, 1 vs. 4 points, Mann-Whitney U-test, Ped with SC ***: Early access to physiotherapy in ed was associated with reduced pain and disability levels. EPET protocol can potentially decrease the demand on outpatient orthopedic services, thereby freeing up available resources to treat patients who are more likely to benefi t from it.

关键词： Physiotherapy Emergency department Non-traumatic neck and back pain

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Oxidative stress and antioxidants in hepatic pathogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第48期16卷 6035-6043页

作者： Hye-Lin Ha Hye-Jun Shin mark A Feitelson Dae-Yeul Yu Disease Model Research Laboratory Aging Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Department of Functional Genomics University of Science and Technology Department of Biology College of Science and TechnologyTemple University

Long term hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor in pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases,including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HBV encod-ed proteins,hepatitis B virus X protein and preS,appear to contribute importantly to the pathogenesis of HCC. Both are associated with oxidative stress,which can damage cellular molecules like lipids,proteins,and DNA during chronic infection. Chronic alcohol use is another important factor that contributes to oxidative stress in the liver. Previous studies reported that treatment with antioxidants,such as curcumin,silymarin,green tea,and vitamins C and E,can protect DNA from damage and regulate liver pathogenesis-related cascades by reducing reactive oxygen species. This review summarizes some of the relationships between oxidative stress and liver pathogenesis,focusing upon HBV and alcohol,and suggests antioxidant therapeutic approaches.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B virus X protein Alcohol Chronic liver disease Oxidative stress Antioxidant

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Evaluating the risk of coal bursts in underground coal mines

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2016年第1期26卷 47-52页

作者： mark Christopher Gauna Michael Pittsburgh Safety and Health Technology Center Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA)

Coal bursts involve the sudden,violent ejection of coal or rock into the mine workings. They are almost always accompanied by a loud noise,like an explosion,and ground vibration. Bursts are a particular hazard for miners because they typically occur without warning. Despite decades of research,the sources and mechanics of these events are not well understood,and therefore they are difficult to predict and control. Experience has shown,however,that certain geologic and mining factors are associated with an increased likelihood of a coal burst. A coal burst risk assessment consists of evaluating the degree to which these risk factors are present,and then identifying appropriate control measures to mitigate the hazard. This paper summarizes the U.S. and international experience with coal bursts,and describes the known risk factors in detail. It includes a framework that can be used to guide the risk assessment process.

关键词：危险性评价煤爆煤矿井下风险因素风险评估矿井巷道地面振动危险因素

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