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Natural Resources Depletion in Hill Areas of Bangladesh:A Review

Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第2期9卷 147-156页

作者： Shampa BISWAS mark e.swanson Harald VACIK School of environmental Sciences and Management Independent University School of the environment PO Box 646410Washington State University Institute of Silviculture Department of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences

Hilly or mountainous terrain occupies around 12% of the area of *** resources associated with Bangladesh's hill are forest resources,biodiversity,minerals,and agricultural *** resources have been exploited in the recent four decades due to excessive clearing of hill forest cover,resulting in loss of species richness, impacts related to increased water flow variability, increased hill slope erosion and flooding intensity, and a gradual decrease in the extent of hill area in *** review explores the major causes and effects of depletion of natural resources by linking drivers,pressures and the related impacts.A review has been conducted to structure the effects on the hilly areas and describe the responses to minimize them in the associated DPSIR *** growth has been identified as a major driver contributing to high deforestation *** may negatively effect agricultural productivity and increase the frequency of serious *** and burn cultivation also impacts the regeneration of evergreen forests,which may accelerate soil erosion. Due to this and other factors,local people are facing a deficits of natural resources(food,fodder,fuel wood and water),which exacerbates the effects of poverty. Future research should try to facilitate decision making for sustainable utilization of natural resources management in the hilly areas of Bangladesh. Additional conservation measures should be developed to increase the resilience of ecosystems at national and regional levels.

关键词： Hill environment Deforestation Land degradation Hill restoration and conservation DPSIR

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Large-diameter trees dominate snag and surface biomass following reintroduced fire

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ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 475-487页

作者： James A.Lutz Soren Struckman Tucker J.Furniss C.Alina Cansler Sara J.Germain Larissa *** Darren J.McAvoy Crystal A.Kolden Alistair M.S.Smith mark e.swanson Andrew J.Larson Department of Wildland Resources S.J.and Jessie E.Quinney College of Natural ResourcesUtah State University5230 Old Main HillLoganUtah 84322-5230USA School of environmental and Forest Sciences University of WashingtonBox 352100SeattleWashington 98195USA Management of Complex Systems University of CaliforniaMerced5200 North Lake RoadMercedCalifornia 95343USA Department of Forest Rangelandand Fire SciencesCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Idaho875 Perimeter DriveMoscowIdaho 83844-1133USA School of the environment Washington State UniversityBox 646410PullmanWashington 99164-6420USA Wilderness Institute W.A.Franke College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of Montana32 Campus DriveMissoulaMontana 59812USA

The reintroduction of fire to landscapes where it was once common is considered a priority to restore historical forest dynamics,including reducing tree density and decreasing levels of woody biomass on the forest ***,reintroducing fire causes tree mortality that can have unintended ecological outcomes related to woody biomass,with potential impacts to fuel accumulation,carbon sequestration,subsequent fire severity,and forest *** this study,we examine the interplay between fire and carbon dynamics by asking how reintroduced fire impacts fuel accumulation,carbon sequestration,and subsequent fire severity *** pre-fire,and continuing 6 years post-fire,we tracked all live,dead,and fallen trees≥1 cm in diameter and mapped all pieces of deadwood(downed woody debris)originating from tree boles≥10 cm diameter and≥1 m in length in 25.6 ha of an Abies concolor/Pinus lambertiana forest in the central Sierra Nevada,California,*** also tracked surface fuels along 2240 m of planar transects pre-fire,immediately post-fire,and 6 years *** years after moderate-severity fire,deadwood≥10 cm diameter was 73 Mg ha^(−1),comprised of 32 Mg ha^(−1) that persisted through fire and 41 Mg ha^(−1) of newly fallen wood(compared to 72 Mg ha^(−1) pre-fire).Woody surface fuel loading was spatially heterogeneous,with mass varying almost four orders of magnitude at the scale of 20 m×20 m quadrats(minimum,0.1 Mg ha^(−1);mean,73 Mg ha^(−1);maximum,497 Mg ha^(−1)).Wood from large-diameter trees(≥60 cm diameter)comprised 57%of surface fuel in 2019,but was 75%of snag biomass,indicating high contributions to current and future fuel *** of fire does not consume all large-diameter fuel and generates high levels of surface fuels≥10 cm diameter within 6 *** fires are needed to reduce surface fuel loading.

关键词： California Rim Fire Fuel reduction Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer Smithsonian ForestGeO Yosemite Forest Dynamics Plot Yosemite National Park

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Soil chemical properties under modern and traditional farming systems at Khagrachari,Chittagong Hill Tracts,Bangladesh

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Journal of Forestry Research 2010年第4期21卷 451-456,523页

作者： Shampa Biswas mark e.swanson Jalal Uddin Md.Shoaib S.M.S.Sirajul School of environmental Sciences and Management Independent University Department of Natural Resource Sciences PO Box 646410Washington State University Soil Research Development Institute Ministry of AgricultureMrittika Bhaban Haque Institute of Forestry and environmental Sciences University of Chit-tagong-4331

Land degradation in Chittagong hill tracts has been taking place due to shrinkage of forest cover, policy weakness, population explosion, and inappropriate hill farming system. Modem farming system in the Chittagong hill tracts like Sloping Agricultural Land Technology （SALT） is practiced to provide a new strategy for developing lands for economic productivity and bio-diversity conservation through establishment of ecological community rather than traditional shifting cultivation which is no longer sustainable according to the carrying capacity of ecosystem of Chittagong hill tracts. This study is to find out changing trends of soil chemical properties of sites under modem and traditional farming systems at Khagrachari district of Chittagong hill tracts. The result of the research shows that Sloping Agricultural Land Technology has significantly higher capacity of production due to the presence of the highest percentage of organic carbon, organic matter, compared with shifting cultivated site. The study recommends that shifting cultivation may be changed into a relatively stable semi-permanent farming system through developing participatory integrated farming systems to establish stable production environment in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.

关键词： sloping agricultural land Technology sustainable hill farming system modem and traditional farming system chemical properties

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Developmental environment contributes to rapid trait shifts among newly colonized subterranean habitats

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Zoological Research 2023年第4期44卷 808-820页

作者： Nathan e.swanson Andrew G.Gluesenkamp Alexandra e.Donny Suzanne e.McGaugh Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA Department of ecology and evolutionary Biology University of California IrvineIrvineCA 92697-2525USA Center for Conservation and Research San Antonio ZooSan AntonioTexas 78212USA ecology Evolutionand BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Recent colonization of extreme environments provides unique opportunities to study the early steps of adaptation and the potential for rapid convergent ***,phenotypic shifts during recent colonization may also be due to plasticity in response to changes in the rearing ***,we analyzed a suite of morphological and behavioral traits in paired surface,subterranean,and facultatively subterranean Mexican tetras(Astyanax mexicanus)from recent introductions in two separate watersheds outside of their native *** found a variety of phenotypic and behavioral shifts between subterranean and surface populations that are similar to those observed in relatively ancient populations in *** this rapid morphological divergence,we found that most of these trait differences were due to plasticity in response to rearing *** most trait assays in common-garden,lab-raised fish indicated that phenotypic shifts in wild fish were the result of plasticity,we also found evidence of genetic control in several traits present in subterranean ***,wall-following behavior,an important subterranean foraging behavior,was greater in lab-born subterranean fish than in lab-born surface fish,suggesting rapid divergence of this trait between subterranean and surface ***,this study sheds light on the early steps of subterranean evolution,identifies potential rapid behavioral evolution,and suggests that plasticity in traits involving exploratory behavior may facilitate subterranean colonization.

关键词： Plasticity Adaptation Subterranean Cavefish evolution Common garden

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Forging an easier path through graduation:Improving the patient transition from paediatric to adult critical care

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 82-90页

作者： Stephen Warrillow Ben Gelbart Jess Stevens Gordon Baikie mark e Howard Department of Intensive Care Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Critical Care The University of MelbourneParkville 3010VictoriaAustralia Department of Intensive Care Royal Children’s HospitalParkville 3010VictoriaAustralia Living with Disability Research Centre La Trobe UniversityBundoora 3086VictoriaAustralia Department of Neurodevelopment&Disability Royal Children’s HospitalParkville 3010VictoriaAustralia Department of Paediatrics The University of MelbourneParkville 3010VictoriaAustralia Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Medicine Austin HealthThe University of MelbourneHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia

Adolescence and the journey to adulthood involves exciting opportunities as well as psychosocial stress for young people growing *** normal experiences are potentially magnified for teenagers living with chronic illness or disability and their *** in care have improved survival for children with a variety of serious chronic medical conditions such that many who may once have died in childhood now survive well into adulthood with ongoing *** those with highly complex needs,care is often provided at major paediatric hospitals with expertise,specially trained personnel,and resources to support young people and their families for the first decades of *** the end of adolescence,however,it is generally appropriate and necessary for young adults and their caregivers to transition to the care of clinicians trained in the care of adults at general *** there are some well-managed models to support this journey of transition,these are often specific to certain conditions and usually do not involve intensive *** patients may encounter considerable challenges during this *** may include the loss of established therapeutic relationships,a perception of austerity and reduced amenity in facilities oriented to caring for adult patients,and care by clinicians with less experience with more common paediatric *** addition,there is a risk of potential conflict between clinicians and families regarding goals of care in the event of a critical illness when it occurs in a young adult with major disability and long-term health *** challenges present genuine opportunities to better understand the transition from paediatric to adult-based care and to improve processes that assist clinicians who support patients and families as they shift between healthcare settings.

关键词： Paediatric intensive care Disability Adult intensive care Transition Critical care

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Cardiovascular response to nanosecond pulses is milder in percutaneous ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma compared with microsecond pulses

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2025年第1期24卷 114-116页

作者： Hai-Ying Kong Qian-Hui Jin Xin-Hua Chen Dan-Xia Xu Qi-Yu Zhao Xiong-Xin Zhang R James swanson Tian-An Jiang Department of Anesthesiology The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003China Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery Department of SurgeryThe First Hospital of JiaxingJiaxing University College of MedicineJiaxing 314000China Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310003China Department of Ultrasound Medicine The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003China Anatomy Department Liberty University College of Osteopathic MedicineLynchburgVAUSA

To the editor:Irreversible electroporation(IRe)is a promising ablative technique for hepatobiliary *** has unique advantages,including no detrimental heat sink effect[1]and no injury of the surrounding tissues[2].For lesions in complex areas,bile duct[3],and large blood vessels[4],IRe has been developed as an alternative to thermal ablation such as radiofrequency and *** IRe tumor ablative technique combines cell biology and pulsed high-voltage *** high-voltage,high-frequency and transient pulses can create irreversible electroporation in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane and nuclear envelope,resulting in cell *** with radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation[5],IRe does not cause damage to important vessels and *** has some unique shortcomings in delivering high currents,which has limited its clinical applications in the *** animal and clinical studies,side effects including muscle contraction,procedural hypertension,and arrhythmia are frequently reported[6].However,during the ablation process,if the pulse is synchronized with the heart rhythm,the risk of arrhythmia is *** muscle relaxant eliminates muscle ***,arrhythmia[7],hypertension[8],and myocardial infarction[9]are potential risks requiring proper *** adverse events are mostly moderate and self-limiting,but they may have serious consequences for patients with coronary artery *** to the potential risks,patients with a history of cardiovascular disease are not recommended for IRe treatment.

关键词： microwave consequences ablation

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Predictive value of the systemic immune inflammation index in recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation

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World Journal of Cardiology 2025年第1期17卷 22-27页

作者： Alexander e Berezin Department of Internal Medicine-II Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburg 5020Austria

The recurrence of atrial fibrillation(AF)in patients after successful radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA)appears to be an unresolved clinical issue and needs to be clearly *** are many factors associated with AF recurrence,such as duration of AF,male sex,concomitant heart failure,hemodynamic parameters,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,hypertension,obstructive sleep apnea,hyperthyroidism,smoking and ***,the inflammatory changes are strongly associated with electrical and structural cardiac remodeling,cardiac damage,myocardial fibrotic changes,microvascular dysfunction and altered reparative *** this context,biomarkers reflecting the different stages of AF pathogenesis deserve thorough *** authors of the retrospective study revealed that one-year recurrence rate of non-valvular AF in the high systemic immune inflammation(SII)index group was significantly increased compared to that of the low SII index group and provided additional predictive value to the ***,the authors suggest that this biomarker may help physicians to optimize the selection of AF patients and to develop a personalized treatment *** conclusion,the SII index may serve as a valuable indicator of recurrent AF in patients after RFCA and may be a biomarker with plausible predictive value for poor clinical outcomes.

关键词： Systemic immune inflammation index Recurrent atrial fibrillation Radiofrequency catheter ablation Biomarkers APPLe score Prediction

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鲁米诺自发光在聚氨酯光敏剂介导光动力治疗中的应用

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材料导报 2025年第1期39卷 293-299页

作者：路正楠张鹏盛扬孙一新 mark Bradley 张嵘常州大学材料科学与工程学院江苏常州213164 常州大学先进功能材料江苏省国际合作联合实验室江苏常州213164 伦敦玛丽女王大学大学精准医疗研究院英国伦敦E11HH

光动力治疗是目前治疗癌症及耐药菌感染的很有前景的方法,该治疗通常需要采用外界光源激发,因此阻碍了其在深部肿瘤治疗中的推广应用。为克服该局限性,尝试使用自发光化合物来代替外界光源,达到原位发光激发光动力治疗的目的。本研究使... 详细信息

光动力治疗是目前治疗癌症及耐药菌感染的很有前景的方法,该治疗通常需要采用外界光源激发,因此阻碍了其在深部肿瘤治疗中的推广应用。为克服该局限性,尝试使用自发光化合物来代替外界光源,达到原位发光激发光动力治疗的目的。本研究使用鲁米诺、辣根过氧化物酶和过氧化氢为自发光光源体系,合成了基于原卟啉的可溶性聚氨酯作为光敏剂,自发光激发聚氨酯光敏剂产生单线态氧,从而达到光动力治疗的目的。结果表明,在鲁米诺化学发光的光源激发下,聚氨酯光敏剂能通过光动力反应产生单线态氧,有效杀灭细菌以及灭活皮肤癌细胞,并通过扫描电镜和荧光染色分析验证了细菌和细胞的光动力灭活效果。因此,本工作证实了鲁米诺的化学发光能通过共振能量转移诱发聚氨酯光敏剂生成单线态氧,从而达到光动力治疗的目的,为光敏剂在临床医疗方面的进一步应用研究提供实验基础。

关键词：鲁米诺化学发光聚氨酯光敏剂原卟啉Ⅸ 光动力治疗

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Protective activity of adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles in ischemia and/or reperfusion

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2025年第1期17卷 1-5页

作者： Alexander e Berezin Internal Medicine-II Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburg 5020Austria

Increasing evidence of the significant clinical value of protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury has contributed to the realization of the independent importance of this approach in improving prognosis and reducing cardiovascular *** vesicles(eVs)derived by adipose mesenchymal stem cells may mediate the paracrine effects of stem cells and provide regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties,which are enhanced byγ-aminobutyric *** protective effects on cardiac myocytes may result from the eV embarked by miR-21-5p,which is a target for thioredoxin-interacting protein,regulating the formation of thioredoxin-interacting protein-thioredoxin complexes and subsequently enhancing the antioxidant activity of *** has been found thatγ-aminobutyric acid governs myocardial bioenergetics through suppressing inflammation and supporting mitochondrial ***,stem cell-based cell-free therapy based on adipose-derived stem cell eVs is considered a promising approach to individualized management of ischemia-induced cardiomyopathy.

关键词： extracellular vesicles Adipose mesenchymal stem cells MicroRNA-21-5p Cardiac protection Ischemia Reperfusion

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Altered microRNA composition in the uterine lumen fluid in cattle(Bos taurus)pregnancies initiated by artificial insemination or transfer of an in vitro produced embryo

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 76-91页

作者： Fernando H.Biase Sarah e.Moorey Julie G.Schnuelle Soren Rodning Martha Sofia Ortega Thomas e.Spencer School of Animal Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University175 W Campus DrBlacksburgVA 24061USA Department of Animal Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Clinical Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA Department of Animal Science Auburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences University of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Division of Animal Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA

Background MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are presented in the uterine lumen of many mammals,and in vitro experiments have determined that several miRNAs are important for the regulation of endometrial and trophoblast *** aim was to identify and contrast the miRNAs present in extracellular vesicles(eVs)in the uterine lumen fluid(ULF)at the onset of attachment in cattle pregnancies(gestation d 18)initiated by artificial insemination(AI)or by the trans-fer of an in vitro-produced blastocyst(IVP-eT).A third group had no conceptus after the transfer of an IVP *** The abundance of 263 annotated miRNAs was quantified in the eVs collected from *** was an increase in the transcript abundance of 20 miRNAs in the ULF eVs from the AI pregnant group,while 4 miRNAs had a lower abundance relative to the group not containing a ***,4 miRNAs were more abun-dant in ULF eVs in the AI pregnant group relative to IVP-eT group(bta-mir-17,bta-mir-7-3,MIR7-1,MIR18A).Specific miRNAs in the ULF eVs were co-expressed with messenger RNAs expressed in extra-embryonic tissues and endome-trium,including genes that are known to be their *** The results provide biological insights into the participation of miRNAs in the regulation of trophoblast proliferation and differentiation,as well as in endometrium *** knowledge that in vitro cultured embryos can contribute to the altered abundance of specific miRNAs in the uterine lumen can lead to the development of cor-rective approaches to reduce conceptus losses during the first month of pregnancy in cattle.

关键词： Artificial reproductive technology Cattle Conceptus embryos endometrium Small RNA

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