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Global blue carbon accumulation in tidal wetlands increases with climate change

National Science Review 2021年第9期8卷 145-155页

作者： Faming Wang Christian J.Sanders Isaac R.Santos Jianwu Tang mark Schuerch Matthew L.Kirwan Robert e.Kopp Kai Zhu Xiuzhen Li Jiacan Yuan Wenzhi Liu Zhian Li Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal ecosystems Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of Plant ecology Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences Southern Marine Science and engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) State Key Laboratory of estuarine and Coastal Research and Institute of eco-Chongming East China Normal University National Marine Science Centre School of Environment Science and Engineering Southern Cross University Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Lincoln Centre for Water and Planetary Health School of Geography University of Lincoln Virginia Institute of Marine Science College of William and Mary Department of earth and Planetary Sciences and Rutgers Institute of earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Rutgers University Department of environmental Studies University of California Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Fudan University CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences

Coastal tidal wetlands produce and accumulate significant amounts of organic carbon(C) that help to mitigate climate change. However, previous data limitations have prevented a robust evaluation of the global rates and mechanisms driving C accumulation. Here, we go beyond recent soil C stock estimates to reveal global tidal wetland C accumulation and predict changes under relative sea level rise, temperature and precipitation. We use data from literature study sites and our new observations spanning wide latitudinal gradients and 20 countries. Globally, tidal wetlands accumulate 53.65(95%CI: 48.52–59.01)Tg C yr-1, which is ～30% of the organic C buried on the ocean floor. Modeling based on current climatic drivers and under projected emissions scenarios revealed a net increase in the global C accumulation by2100. This rapid increase is driven by sea level rise in tidal marshes, and higher temperature and precipitation in mangroves. Countries with large areas of coastal wetlands, like Indonesia and Mexico, are more susceptible to tidal wetland C losses under climate change, while regions such as Australia, Brazil, the USA and China will experience a significant C accumulation increase under all projected scenarios.

关键词： coastal wetlands blue C C burial rate global change

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Magnetic resonance imaging of disc space infection revisited： temporal changes

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第23期127卷 4055-4059页

作者： Duan Shaoyin Xu Bingqiang Gina Di Primio Cheemun Lum mark e Schweitzer Department of Meclical Imaging The Ottawa Hospital University of Ottawa Canada Department of Medical Imaging Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361004 China Department of Radiology Stony Brook Hospital State University of New York at Stony Brook (Stony Brook University) New York 11794-8460 USA

Background Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） has advantages in showing pathologic changes of disc space infection,which is important in clinical *** purpose of this study was to describe the MRI findings of disc space infections in relation to *** MRI of 60 patients from January 1,2002 to April 30,2012 in Ottawa Hospital were retrospectively evaluated by two radiologists *** patients had histological confirmation,with 55 having microbiological confirmation as *** patients were divided into acute （n=18）,subacute （n=21） and chronic （n=21） based on histological *** following potential signs of MRI finding were assessed：marrow edema,endplate erosions,disk fluid and height change,paraspinal mass,epidural collection,facet fluid and enhancement in the marrow,disc,paraspinal mass,and epidural *** analysis consisted of t-or F-tests and chi-square *** In the 60 patients,83 infected discs （single disc in 45 patients,2-4 discs in 15 patients） were found,including 22 discs in the acute group,30 discs in the subacute group,and 31 discs in the chronic *** was a significant difference in the extent of marrow edema between the acute,subacute and chronic groups （P ＜0.05）,with a gradually increasing extent from acute to *** extent of endplate erosions increased with chronicity,but was not statistically *** were significant differences in the disc fluid,epidural collection,and disc enhancement among the acute,subacute and chronic groups,as well as the facet fluid between acute and chronic groups （P ＜0.05）.There were no significant differences in the present probability of disc height loss,paraspinal mass,and marrow enhancement among the three groups （P ＞0.05）.Conclusions From acute to chronic infections,the extent of marrow edema and endplate erosions appeared to gradually *** collections and facet fluid are most frequently found in the acute group,while disc fluid a

关键词： disc space infections magnetic resonance imaging pathology

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全球变化对陆地生态系统枯落物分解的影响(英文)

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生态学报 2001年第9期21卷 1549-1563页

作者：陈华 mark e.Harm on 田汉勤 Department of Forest Science Oregon State University The ecosystem Center Marine Biological Laboratory WoodsHole

了解枯落物分解对大气二氧化碳浓度增高、气候变暖和降水变化的反应 ,对深入理解陆地生态系统土壤有机物形成和碳的固化能力 (Carbon sequestration)十分重要。通过分析业已发表的文献、实验室根系分解实验和美国西北部针叶林叶片的分... 详细信息

了解枯落物分解对大气二氧化碳浓度增高、气候变暖和降水变化的反应 ,对深入理解陆地生态系统土壤有机物形成和碳的固化能力 (Carbon sequestration)十分重要。通过分析业已发表的文献、实验室根系分解实验和美国西北部针叶林叶片的分解实验 ,旨在评估大气二氧化碳浓度增高、气候变暖和降水变化对陆地生态系统枯落物分解的可能影响。大气二氧化碳浓度增高可通过降低枯落物质量和增加草原生态系统土壤水分间接地影响枯落物分解。根据 1 7项研究结果 ,大气二氧化碳浓度加倍可导致木本和草本枯落物平均氮含量降低 1 9.6%和 9.4 %;木质素 /氮比值增高 3 6.3 %和5 .5 %。枯落物质地的降低通常导致枯落物分解减慢。气候变暖一般加速枯落物的分解 ,但是用于表示这种促进作用的Q10 随着温度的增高而降低。全球降水变化对陆地生态系统枯落物分解的影响不但取决于现有水分条件而且还取决于降水变化的程度。以美国西北部地区的针叶林为例 ,降水改变对森林生态系统枯落物分解的影响将是多元的 ,有的增加 ,有的降低 ,而有的相对不变。最后。

关键词：全球变化枯落物分解基质质量分解速率常数陆地生态系统

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The effect of shoe type on gait in forefoot strike runners during a 50-km run

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2014年第2期3卷 122-130,153+157页

作者： mark e.Kasmer Nicholas C.Ketchum Xue-Cheng Liu Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Orthopedic Surgery Medical College of Wisconsin

Purpose:To observe the relative change in foot-strike pattern,pressure characteristics,surface electromyography(seMG) recordings,and stride characteristics in forefoot strike runners wearing both minimalist and traditional shoes during a 50-km ***:Four experienced minimalist runners were enrolled in this *** runner ran a 50-km simulated run in both minimalist shoes and traditional *** data,seMG recordings,and limited 3D motion capture data were collected during the initial 0.8 km and final 0.8 km for each ***:Three runners in the traditional shoe type condition and one runner in the minimalist shoe type condition demonstrated a more posterior initial contact area(midfoot strike(MFS) pattern) after the 50-km *** was supported by increased activity of the tibialis anterior in the pre-contaet phase(as per root mean square(RMS) values).In addition,in both pre- and post-run conditions,there were increased peak pressures in the minimalist shoe type,specifically in the medial *** fatigue as defined by a decreased median frequency observed in isometric,constant force contractions did not correspond with our hypothesis in relation to the observed foot strike change ***,step rate increased and step length decreased after the 50-km run in both shoe type ***:More runners adopted a more posterior initial contact area after the 50-km run in the traditional shoe type than in the minimalist shoe *** runners who adopted a more posterior initial contact area were more closely associated with an increased median frequency of the medial gastrocnemius,which suggests there may be a change in motor unit recruitment pattern during long-distance,sustained velocity *** increased peak pressures observed in the medial forefoot in the minimalist shoe type may predispose to metatarsal stress fractures in the setting of improper training.

关键词： endurance Fatigue Foot-strike pattern Running Surface electromyography(seMG)

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enhanced recovery after surgery:Current research insights and future direction

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2017年第2期9卷 37-45页

作者： Aliza Abeles Richard mark Kwasnicki Ara Darzi Department of Surgery and Cancer St Mary’s HospitalImperial College LondonLondon W2 1NYUnited Kingdom

Since the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery(eRAS)was introduced in the late 1990 s the idea of implementing specific interventions throughout the perioperative period to improve patient recovery has been proven to be beneficial. Minimally invasive surgery is an integral component to eRAS and has dramatically improved post-operative outcomes. eRAS can be applicable to all surgical specialties with the core generic principles used together with added specialty specific interventions to allow for a comprehensive protocol,leading to improved clinical outcomes. Diffusion of eRAS into mainstream practice has been hindered due to minimal evidence to support individual facets and lack of method for monitoring and encouraging compliance. No single outcome measure fully captures recovery after surgery,rather multiple measures are necessary at each stage. More recently the pre-operative period has been the target of a number of strategies to improve clinical outcomes,described as prehabilitation. Innovation of technology in the surgical setting is also providing opportunities to overcome the challenges within eRAS,e.g.,the use of wearable activity monitors to record information and provide feedback and motivation to patients peri-operatively. Both modernising eRAS and providing evidence for key strategies across specialties will ultimately lead to better,more reliable patient outcomes.

关键词： enhanced recovery after surgery Laparoscopic surgery Prehabilitation Outcome measures Technology

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Autoimmune liver disease and the Canadian First Nations Aboriginal Communities of British Columbia's Pacific Northwest

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第23期12卷 3625-3627页

作者： eric M Yoshida mark Riley Laura T Arbour Department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Department of Pediatrics University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Medical Genetics the University of British Columbia. Vancouver BC Canada

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a well-known but uncommon chronic liver disease that is presumed to be of autoimmune etiology. Recently, investigations in British Columbia (BC), a province of Canada situated along the Pacific North-West of North America, have suggested that PBC is not a rare disease amongst BC's Aboriginal (i.e. First Nations) communities. Geographically, BC is adjacent to South east Alaska, an American state that has also reported an increased prevalence of PBC amongst its Aboriginal communities. In this article, the medical evidence supporting a hypothesis of increased risk of PBC amongst BC's First Nations communities is reviewed. evidence suggesting that autoimmune hepatitis is also more likely amongst BC's First Nations communities is also presented.

关键词： Primary biliary cirrhosis Aboriginal FirstNations British Columbia

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Low temperature microwave-assisted vs conventional pyrolysis of various biomass feedstocks

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2012年第3期21卷 270-274页

作者： Peter Shuttleworth Vitaliy Budarin mark Gronnow James H.Clark Rafael Luque Green Chemistry Centre of excellence University of YorkHeslingtonYO10 5DD YorkUK Departamento de Química Orgnica Universidad de CórdobaCampus de Excelencia Agroalimentario ceiA3Edif icio Marie Curie(C-3)Ctra Nnal IVKm 396E-14014CórdobaSpain

A comparison between conventional pyrolysis and a novel developed low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis methodology has been performed for the valorisation of a range of biomass feedstocks including waste residues. Microwave pyrolysis was found to efficiently deliver comparable evolution of bio-gases in the system as compared with conventional pyrolysis at significantly reduced temperatures （120-180 ℃vs 250-400 ℃）. The gas obtained from microwave-assisted pyrolysis was found to contain CO2, CH4 and CO as major components as well

关键词： microwave-assisted pyrolysis biomass valorisation gas production

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Column Analyses of Chloride Breakthrough and Lead Retention in Amended Sandy Soils

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Journal of environmental Science and engineering(A) 2012年第4期1卷 503-513页

作者： mark e. Grismer Michael P. Hogan Dave e. Steinfeld Department of Hydrologic Sciences and Biological ＆ Agricultural engineering Davis CA 95616 USA Integrated environmental Resource Services Tahoe City CA 96145 USA USDA- Forest Service Portland OR 97204 USA

Stormwater quality design manuals lack scientifically creditable bases for many novel LID （Low-Impact Development） designs presently proposed to meet stormwater runoff management requirements. Potential stormwater pollutant adsorption and infiltration enhancement capabilities of forest-derived by-products （e.g. woodchips, bio-char） provide an opportunity to combine these readily availability materials into stormwater quality designs. On-site stormwater runoff treatment through determination of the soil-water transport and lead （Pb） retention capacity of two sandy soils from Oregon is considered. Using synthetic stormwater （-120 mg CI/L and -5 mg Pb/L） displacement tests in pairs ofABS （Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene） soil columns （75 mm dia by 0.46 m tall） with upward flow （to minimize air entrapment） saturated hydraulic conductivity, chloride dispersion and Pb retention by plain and amended soils is evaluated. Generally, soil amendment incorporation （woodchips, compost or biochar） as compared to an amendment layer resulted in improved hydraulic conductivities as compared to that of the soil alone. Chloride breakthrough curves verified that resident soil-water displacement occurred with 0.9 to 1.6 pore volumes and residence times for most columns were 15-30 minutes. No synthetic stormwater Pb ＂breakthrough＂ within the displaced or replaced soil-water was found, rather most Pb was adsorbed within the first 150 mm of soil.

关键词： Revegetation chloride dispersion stormwater bioretention LID.

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Oxidative stress and antioxidants in hepatic pathogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第48期16卷 6035-6043页

作者： Hye-Lin Ha Hye-Jun Shin mark A Feitelson Dae-Yeul Yu Disease Model Research Laboratory Aging Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Department of Functional Genomics University of Science and Technology Department of Biology College of Science and TechnologyTemple University

Long term hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor in pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases,including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HBV encod-ed proteins,hepatitis B virus X protein and preS,appear to contribute importantly to the pathogenesis of HCC. Both are associated with oxidative stress,which can damage cellular molecules like lipids,proteins,and DNA during chronic infection. Chronic alcohol use is another important factor that contributes to oxidative stress in the liver. Previous studies reported that treatment with antioxidants,such as curcumin,silymarin,green tea,and vitamins C and e,can protect DNA from damage and regulate liver pathogenesis-related cascades by reducing reactive oxygen species. This review summarizes some of the relationships between oxidative stress and liver pathogenesis,focusing upon HBV and alcohol,and suggests antioxidant therapeutic approaches.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B virus X protein Alcohol Chronic liver disease Oxidative stress Antioxidant

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Senescence-specific Alteration of Hydrogen Peroxide Levels in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oilseed Rape Spring Variety Brassica napus ***

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第8期54卷 540-554页

作者： Stefan Bieker Lena Riester mark Stahl Jürgen Franzaring Ulrike Zentgraf ZMBP (Center for Plant Molecular Biology) University of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 2872076 Tübingen Germany Institute for Landscape and Plant ecology kologiezentrum 2August-von-Hartmann-Str.370599 StuttgartGermany

In order to analyze the signaling function of hydrogen peroxide （H202） production in senescence in more detail, we manipulated intracellular H202 levels in Arabidopsis thaliala （L.） Heynh by using the hydrogen- peroxide-sensitive part of the escherichia coil transcription regulator OxyR, which was directed to the cytoplasm as well as into the peroxisomes. H202 levels were lowered and senescence was delayed in both transgenic lines, but OxyR was found to be more effective in the cytoplasm. To transfer this knowledge to crop plants, we analyzed oilseed rape plants Brassica napus L. cv. Mozart for H20~ and its scavenging enzymes catalase （CAT） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） during leaf and plant development. H202 levels were found to increase during bolting and flowering time, but no increase could be observed in the very late stages of senescence. With increasing H202 levels, CAT and APX activities declined, so it is likely that similar mechanisms are used in oilseed rape and Arabidopsis to control H202 levels. Under elevated CO2 conditions, oilseed rape senescence was accelerated and coincided with an earlier increase in H202 levels, indicating that H202 may be one of the signals to inducing senescence in a broader range of Brassicaceae.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana Brassica napus e. coil Oxy-RD intracellular hydrogen peroxide senescence phenotype catalase ascorbatePeroxidase elevated CO2.

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