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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第2期11卷 201-213页

作者： Clyde Douglas Boyette Robert E.Hoagland Charles T.Bryson mark a.weaver Kenneth C.Stetina USDA-ARS Biological Control of Pests Research UnitStonevilleMSUSA USDA-ARS Crop Production and Systems Research UnitStonevilleMSUSA

A mycelial formulation of the bioherbicidal fungus Myrothecium verrucaria (Alb. & Schwein.) Ditmar: Fr. (MV) was tested alone and in combination with a commercially available glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] (GLY) product for controlling the invasive vines, redvine [Brunnichia ovata (Walt.) Shinners], and trumpet creeper [Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau] in field experiments conducted near Stoneville, MS. Several application timing regimens were evaluated (Fall, Spring, Fall + Spring, and Spring + Fall). We found that a Fall + Spring application of MV + GLY controlled redvine and trumpet creeper by 95%, 12 days after the second treatment, through a synergistic interaction of the fungus and glyphosate. Disease symptomatology was characterized by rapid necrosis of leaf and stem tissues, with mortality occurring within 72 h. Neither glyphosate alone, nor MV alone, effectively controlled either weed species under any application timing regimen. No visual disease or herbicide damage occurred on glyphosate-resistant soybean plants in the treated test plots. These results suggest that some formulations of glyphosate, mixed with the bioherbicide MV, can effectively control redvine and trumpet creeper, two of the most troublesome weeds in the row crops of the Mississippi Delta region in the mid-southern U.S.

关键词： Bioherbicide Interaction Mycelial Formulation Myrothecium verrucaria Campsis radicans Brunnichia ovata

Validation of basaltic glass adsorption capabilities from geothermal arsenic in a basaltic aquifer: A case study from Bjarnarflag power Station,Iceland

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第5期10卷 1743-1753页

作者： K.C. weaver M.A. Hoque S.M. Amin S.H. markússon A.P. Butler Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonSW7 2BUUnited Kingdom School of Geography Environment and Earth SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO1 3QLUnited Kingdom Gas Sustainability Technology Group Research and TechnologyProject Delivery and TechnologyPetronasMalaysia Landsvirkjun Háaleitisbraut 68103 ReykjavíkIceland

Arsenic is a carcinogen known for its acute toxicity to *** waters are commonly high in arsenic,as shown at the Bjarnarflag Power Plant,Iceland (w224 mg/kg of solvent).Development of geothermal energy requires adequate disposal of arsenic-rich waters into groundwater/geothermal *** outcome of arsenic transport models that assess the effect of geothermal effluent on the environment and ecosystems may be influenced by the sensitivity of hydraulic ***,previous such studies in Iceland do not consider the sensitivity of hydraulic parameters and thereby the interpretations remain *** we used the Lake Myvatn basaltic aquifer system as a case study to identify the sensitive hydraulic parameters and assess their role in arsenic *** develop a one-dimensional reactive transport model (PHREEQC ver.2.),using geochemical data from Bjarnarflag,*** our model,arsenite (H3AsO3) was predicted to be the dominant species of inorganic arsenic in both groundwater and geothermal *** reduced arsenic concentration beloww5 mg/*** reduced the residual contamination below w0.4 mg/kg at 250 m along *** on our modelling,we found volumetric input to be the most sensitive parameter in the *** addition,the adsorption strength of basaltic glass was such that the physical hydrogeological parameters,namely: groundwater velocity and longitudinal dispersivity had little influence on the concentration profile.

关键词： Geothermal Groundwater Hydrogeochemistry Arsenic Modelling

Survey of Utah High School Football Strength and Conditioning Coaches

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Journal of Sports Science 2015年第3期3卷 117-126页

作者： Eugene Keoki weaver mark DeBeliso Sports Performance Training Dixie Regional Medical Center lntermountain Healthcare St. George UT 84790 USA Department of Physical Education and Human Performance Southern Utah University Cedar City UT 84720 USA

Strength and conditioning coaches have become a vital part of sport programs. The majority of college and professional teams have one or more strength and conditioning coaches on their staff. Currently there is limited information on the profile of high school strength and conditioning coaches. This study provides a profile, which can be used by state athletic associations, school districts, athletic directors, and head coaches, to determine the desired criteria for high school strength and conditioning coaches. This study also provides future coaches with a guide to help them become appealing candidates for positions as high school strength and conditioning coaches. PURPOSE： The purpose of this study was to identify the individual responsible for designing and implementing the football strength and conditioning programs in Utah high schools and provide a profile of the coach and the program. METHODS： The participants were high school football strength and conditioning coaches in the state of Utah. Participants were asked to complete an online survey. RESULTS： Thirty-six percent （36/100） of the surveys were completed and useable for the study. Eighty seven percent of the respondents identified the strength and conditioning coach as their secondary position in the football program. All （n = 36） of the respondents held at least a Bachelor degree and a majority （61.1%） held a graduate degree. Physical Education was the most widely reported major in undergraduate degrees, while the majority of graduate degrees were in areas outside of the physical education/exercise field （63.6%）. A total of 64.5% of the respondents did not hold a strength and conditioning certification. Strength and conditioning experience ranged from 30 to 2 years among respondents. CONCLUSION： Within the parameters of this study, a profile of the coaches and the respective strength and conditioning programs has been provided. The data culled during this study is inconclusive with respect to the prepa

关键词： High school football Utah strength and conditioning

Lateral migration with telescoping of a trochanteric fixation nail in the treatment of an intertrochanteric hip fracture

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第4期127卷 680-684页

作者： Liu Wanjun Michael J.weaver mark S.Vrahas Zhou Dongsheng Department of Orthopaedics Shandong Provincial HospitalShandong University Jinan Shandong 250021 China Department of Orthopaedics Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Beijing 100035 China Partners Orthopaedics Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard School of Medicine Boston MA 02114 USA

Background The trochanteric fixation nail （TFN） can be used to treat stable and unstable fractures of intertrochanteric hip *** study the common lateral migration that occurs with telescoping of intertrochanteric hip fractures treated with TFN and identify the predictors and relationships to clinical *** Patient demographic information,fracture type （Arbeitsgemeinschaft f＆#252;r Osteosynthesefragen （AO）/Orthopaedic Trauma Association （OTA） classification）,radiographic data,and clinical data were *** migration with telescoping was *** analyses were performed to determine which variables predicted lateral migration with *** outcome scores were recorded using the Modified Harris Hip Score （MHHS）,Hip Outcome Score-Activity of Daily Living （HOS-ADL）,and Visual Analog Scale for *** Two hundred and twenty-three patients （67 males,156 females） fitted the radiographic and follow-up （average 24.6 months） *** average age was 77.2 *** average lateral migration with telescoping was 4.8 ***-one patients （9.4%） had excessive lateral migration with telescoping （≥10 mm）.The quality of calcar reduction （P=0.01） and unstable fracture patterns （P=0.006） were significant predictive factors of lateral migration with *** mean outcome scores （MHHS and HOS-ADL） were 80.1 points and 78.7 points,*** subjects had no significant relationship to lateral migration with telescoping （P 〉0.05）.Of all the patients who developed lateral migration with telescoping,only one required removal of the blade for hip pain and all patients went on to uneventful union at an average time of 4.5 *** Lateral migration with telescoping is a common mechanical complication of intertrochanteric hip fracture treated with the TFN *** was predicted by the quality of calcar reduction and fracture ***,this did not affect stable fixation and fracture healing,so rarely l

关键词： trochanteric fixation nail intertrochanteric hip fracture fracture fixation helical blade complications

Kudzu Response to Foliar Applied Herbicides

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第7期6卷 856-863页

作者： mark A. weaver Robert E. Hoagland C. Douglas Boyette United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Southern Weed Science Research Unit Stoneville USA

Chemical control is presently the most cost-effective means to control kudzu;however, some of the herbicides labeled for kudzu control have substantial non-target toxicity, poor selectivity, high cost, long soil persistence, high soil mobility and/or high use rates. The present study evaluated other herbicides for efficacy in suppressing aboveground kudzu biomass in replicated field trials at three sites over two years. A single application of aminopyralid, triclopyr or metsulfuron resulted in at least 90% kudzu suppression in the following season at two locations. After a second year of treatment those herbicides and fluroxypyr produced at least 90% kudzu suppression, and 100% kudzu control was reached on some test plots. Glyphosate, glufosinate and mesotrione were less effective in controlling kudzu. Given the rapid growth potential of kudzu, complete eradication should be pursued. None of the herbicides evaluated in the present study could reliably achieve eradication of mature kudzu with two applications, so additional control efforts would be required.

关键词： Herbicidal Control Invasive Species Pueraria montana var. lobata Weed Control

Biological Control Potential of Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesfor Coffee Senna (Cassia occidentalis)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第4期3卷 430-436页

作者： Clyde D. Boyette Robert E. Hoagland mark A. weaver Kenneth Stetina United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Biological Control of Pests Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Biological Control of Pests Research Unit Stoneville USA USDA-ARS Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville USA

A fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was isolated from a greenhouse-grown seedling of coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis) and evaluated as a mycoherbicide for that weed. Host range tests revealed that coffee senna, wild senna (C. marilandica), and sicklepod (C. obtusifolia) were also affected by this pathogen, but 35 other crop and weed species, representing 8 botanical families were not affected. The fungus sporulated prolifically on solid and liquid media with maximum spore germination and growth occurring at 20°C - 30°C. Optimal environmental conditions included at least 12 h of free moisture (dew) at 20°C - 30°C. Spray mixtures containing approximately 1.0 × 105 or more conidia·ml–1 gave maximum control when coffee senna seedlings were sprayed until runoff occurred. Coffee senna seedlings that were in the cotyledon to first-leaf growth stage were most susceptible to this pathogen. Weed control efficacy studies under field conditions demonstrated that control of coffee senna was directly proportional to the inoculum concentration applied. Results of these tests suggest that this fungus has potential as a mycoherbicide to control coffee senna, a serious weed in the southeastern U.S.

关键词： Bioherbicide Mycoherbicide Coffee Senna Cassia occidentalis Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Interaction of the Bioherbicide Myrothecium verrucaria and Glyphosate for Kudzu Control

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第26期5卷 3943-3956页

作者： Clyde Douglas Boyette Robert E. Hoagland mark A. weaver Kenneth C. Stetina United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Biological Control of Pests Research Unit Stoneville MS USA United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville MS USA

Kudzu is an exotic invasive weed in the southeastern U.S. that is difficult to control with current commercial herbicides. Some success for its control has been achieved using a bioherbicidal agent, Myrothecium verrucaria (MV). Spore and mycelial formulations of MV were tested alone and in combination with glyphosate for control of kudzu (Pueraria lobata) under greenhouse and field conditions in naturally-infested areas. In greenhouse and field experiments, kudzu control increased as the concentration of spores or mycelia increased. Glyphosate alone provided 10%, 35%, 50% and 60% control in field experiments at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0X rates, respectively and MV alone spores provided 15%, 50%, 65% and 85% control at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0X rates, respectively. However, when MV spores were combined with glyphosate, significantly higher control occurred than that caused by either component alone. Similar levels of control were observed for MV mycelial formulations applied alone or with glyphosate at equivalent concentrations of the fungus. The rate of disease progression was more rapid and severe at all fungal spore or mycelial formulations and herbicide rates when these propagules were applied in combination with glyphosate. In field tests, 24 h after application, only 20% of kudzu plants were severely damaged by MV alone (0.25X), whereas 80% were severely diseased when MV spores and glyphosate were mixed and applied at 0.25X rates each. A similar trend occurred with the MV mycelial formulation applied at these rates. Synergist interactions on kudzu control were observed, especially when lower levels of MV (spores or mycelia) and glyphosate were combined and applied to kudzu in the greenhouse or in the field. These results suggest that it may be possible to incorporate glyphosate to improve the bioherbicidal control potential and reduce herbicide and inoculum requirements of M. verrucaria spores or mycelium for controlling kudzu.

关键词： Bioherbicide Glyphosate Kudzu Myrothecium verrucaria Pueraria lobata

Biological Control of the Weed Sesbania exaltata Using a Microsclerotia Formulation of the Bioherbicide Colletotrichum truncatum

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第18期5卷 2672-2685页

作者： Clyde D. Boyette Hamed K. Abbas Bobbie Johnson Robert E. Hoagland mark A. weaver United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Biological Control of Pests Research Unit Stoneville MS USA United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville MS USA

Colletotrichum truncatum, grown on rice grain (3 to 4 weeks, 22°C to 24°C) produced a fungus-infested rice mixture of microsclerotia and conidia (spores) in a ratio of ~9:1, respectively. Greenhouse tests of this formulation (0.4 to 50 mg finely-ground fungus-rice product) which applied pre-emergence to 5 cm2 of soil surface, caused 22% to 96% hemp sesbania plant mortality, after 14 days. Post-emergence treatment (fungus-rice aqueous formulation;2.4 × 105 microsclerotia ml-1, 30% unrefined corn oil and 0.2% Silwet L-77 surfactant) of weeds surviving the pre-emergence application, resulted in 93% mortality, after 14 days. Based on greenhouse results, field tests were undertaken: 1) pre-emergence treatment (fungus-rice formulation at 2.4 × 105 microsclerotia cm-2), 2) post-emergence (fungus-rice product in 30% unrefined corn oil, 0.2% Silwet) only treatment, applied 15 days after planting and 3) pre-emergence treatment followed by post-emergence treatment (fungus-rice product in 30% unrefined corn oil, 0.2% Silwet) applied 15 days after planting to surviving weeds. Control treatments were: 1) autoclaved rice product sans fungus, 2) unrefined corn oil (30% unrefined corn oil, 0.2% Silwet in water) and 3) untreated plants. Planting dates were: early season (April-May), early-mid season (June-July), late-mid season (July-August), and late season (September-October). Weed mortality was recorded at 15 days for the pre-plus post-treatment, and at 30 days after planting for the pre-emergence only and the post-treatment only. The early season, pre-emergence treatment caused 67% hemp sesbania mortality (3-yr average) within 15 days and the post-emergence treatment caused 91% mortality of the surviving weeds. In the late-mid-season, pre-emergence treatment caused minimal (80%. Results suggest that seasonal environmental conditions are important in the efficacy of this C. truncatum-rice product formula

关键词： Bioherbicide Biological Weed Control Colletotrichum truncatum Mycoherbicide Sesbania exaltata Microsclerotia Solid Growth Media Substrate

Effect of Winter Flooding on Weeds, Soybean Yield, Straw Degradation, and Soil Chemical and Biochemical Characteristics

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第7期4卷 10-18页

作者： Clifford H. Koger Robert M. Zablotowicz mark A. weaver Melanie R. Tucker-Patterson J. L. Krutz Timothy W. Walker Joe E. Street Crop Genetics and Production Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville USA Crop Production Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville USA Crop Production Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville USA Delta Branch Experiment Station Mississippi State University Stoneville USA

Winter flooding of harvested rice fields attracts migratory waterfowl and may assist in degrading rice straw residue. Field studies were conducted between 2003 and 2005 in Stoneville, MS to evaluate the impacts of winter flooding of harvested rice fields on rice straw degradation, winter weeds, soybean yield, and soil biochemical and chemical properties. The experimental area each year consisted of a harvested rice field that remained no-till after harvest and that was dissected into 7.6- by 15-m bays with constructed levees to accommodate winter flooding treatments. Flooding treatments (10-cm depth) consisted of: 1) flooded from mid-October to early March;2) flooded mid-October to early January;3) flooded mid-December to early March;4) flooded mid-December to mid-January;and 5) no flood. Winter weeds were counted, biomass determined as well as residual rice straw before flooding and in early April of each year. Winter flooding reduced rice straw biomass 32% to 60% compared to 21% to 31% reduction for no winter flood with the longest flood duration resulting in the greatest loss of carbon and nitrogen from straw residues in both years. Winter flooding treatments reduced weed populations and weed biomass from 43% to 99% when compared to no flooding treatment. Soybean yields ranged from 3295 ***-1 with the longest winter flooding regime to 4295 ***-1 with no flooding. Significant reductions in soil nitrate levels were most consistent in the upper 0 to 2.5-cm surface soil. Soil enzymatic activity (dehydrogenase and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis) was increased by flooding in 2003, while minimal effects were found in the second year consistent with more anaerobic conditions attained in 2003 compared to 2004. Environmental benefits of accelerated straw decomposition and weed control is achieved by winter flooding;however, there are negative consequences of nitrogen losses and reduced soybean yield.

关键词： Crop Growth Crop Production Flooded Rice Rice Soybean

Gigawatt Scale Storage for Gigawatt Scale Renewables

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2018年第2期12卷 105-116页

作者： mark Howitt Storelectric Ltd. 15 Weaver Close Alsager Stoke-on-Trent ST7 2NZ England

Multi-GW renewables need multi-GW storage, or fossil fuelled power stations will be needed to balance for intermittency. For the same reason, such balancing must be able to last for an entire evening peak if renewables are not generating at the same time. Batteries and DSR （demand side response） make very useful contributions and there is a large market for both, but without large scale and long duration storage, they cannot do the job. Interconnectors also contribute to the solution, and storage will make them more profitable, but （taking a UK perspective） Ofgem identified that all our neighbours have similar generation capacity crunches and similar demand patters, so if we need the electricity when they do, we’ll have to pay through the nose for it. Last winter’s ￡ 1,500/MWh prices proved that―even with only 4 GW interconnection. Following exit from the single market, our neighbours will be able to say “our consumers are more important than yours at any price”. We need UK-based storage at the right scale, to store UK-generated electricity for UK use and for export―otherwise we lose security of supply. CAES （compressed air energy storage） and pumped hydro are the only technologies currently able to deliver this scale and duration of storage. Pumped hydro is cost-effective in the long term but there are few sites, and it is （location dependent） over 3x the cost of CAES. Storelectric has 2 versions of CAES： one is a comparable price to existing CAES, but much more efficient （~70% v 50%） and zero emissions （existing CAES emits 50%-60% of the gas of an equivalent sized power station）. The other is retro-fittable to suitable gas power stations, is more efficient （-60% v 50%）, almost halves their emissions, adds storage-related revenue streams and is much cheaper. Both are new configurations of existing and well proven technologies, supported by engineering majors.

关键词： Electricity storage CAES compressed air energy storage adiabatic grid balancing renewable.