Gigawatt Scale Storage for Gigawatt Scale Renewables

作     者：Mark Howitt Mark Howitt

作者机构：Storelectric Ltd. 15 Weaver Close Alsager Stoke-on-Trent ST7 2NZ England 

出 版 物：《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 (能源与动力工程（美国大卫英文）)

年 卷 期：2018年第12卷第2期

页      面：105-116页

学科分类：080801[工学-电机与电器] 080703[工学-动力机械及工程] 0808[工学-电气工程] 08[工学] 0807[工学-动力工程及工程热物理] 

主　　题：Electricity storage CAES compressed air energy storage adiabatic grid balancing renewable. 

摘      要：Multi-GW renewables need multi-GW storage, or fossil fuelled power stations will be needed to balance for intermittency. For the same reason, such balancing must be able to last for an entire evening peak if renewables are not generating at the same time. Batteries and DSR （demand side response） make very useful contributions and there is a large market for both, but without large scale and long duration storage, they cannot do the job. Interconnectors also contribute to the solution, and storage will make them more profitable, but （taking a UK perspective） Ofgem identified that all our neighbours have similar generation capacity crunches and similar demand patters, so if we need the electricity when they do, we’ll have to pay through the nose for it. Last winter’s ￡ 1,500/MWh prices proved that―even with only 4 GW interconnection. Following exit from the single market, our neighbours will be able to say “our consumers are more important than yours at any price. We need UK-based storage at the right scale, to store UK-generated electricity for UK use and for export―otherwise we lose security of supply. CAES （compressed air energy storage） and pumped hydro are the only technologies currently able to deliver this scale and duration of storage. Pumped hydro is cost-effective in the long term but there are few sites, and it is （location dependent） over 3x the cost of CAES. Storelectric has 2 versions of CAES： one is a comparable price to existing CAES, but much more efficient （~70% v 50%） and zero emissions （existing CAES emits 50%-60% of the gas of an equivalent sized power station）. The other is retro-fittable to suitable gas power stations, is more efficient （-60% v 50%）, almost halves their emissions, adds storage-related revenue streams and is much cheaper. Both are new configurations of existing and well proven technologies, supported by engineering majors.