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Pathogenic and therapeutic role of exosomes in neurodegenerative disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 75-79页

作者： christa c.Huber Hongmin Wang Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences Sanford School of MedicineUniversity of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA

Neurodegenerative disorders affect millions of people worldwide,and the prevalence of these disorders is only projected to rise as the number of people over 65 will drastically increase in the coming *** therapies exist to aid in symptomatic relief,effective treatments that can stop or reve rse the progress of each neurodegenerative disease are ***,research on the role of extracellular vesicles as disease markers and therapeutics has been intensively ***,30-150 nm in diameter,are one type of extracellular vesicles facilitating cell-to-cell *** are thought to play a role in disease propagation in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson s disease,and amyotrophic lateral ***,the exosomes derived from the patients are an invaluable source of disease *** the other hand,exosomes,especially those derived from stem cells,could serve as a therapeutic for these disorders,as seen by a rapid increase in clinical trials investigating the therapeutic efficacy of exosomes in different neurological *** review summarizes the pathological burden and therapeutic approach of exosomes in neurodegenerative *** also highlight how heat shock increases the yield of exosomes while still maintaining their therapeutic ***,this review concludes with outstanding questions that remain to be addressed in exosomal research.

关键词： aging Alzheimer's disease biomarker drug exosome extracellular vesicle neurodegenerative disease Parkinson's disease therapy

维普期刊数据库

GRP7 phase separation as an interpreter of temperature cues

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Molecular Plant 2024年第6期17卷 842-844页

作者： Sunita Pathak Lucia c.Strader Department of Biology Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA

Plants are exposed to a range of daily and seasonal temperatures and thus are required to regulate their cellular processes under fluctuating temperature *** various temperature-responsive genes,GLYcINE-RIcH RNA BINDING PROTEIN7(GRP7)encodes a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein that provides freezing tolerance to plants(carpenter et al.,1994;Kim et al.,2008)by acting as an RNA chaperone(Kwak et al.,2011).

关键词： conditions. separation

Automated Machine Learning Algorithm Using Recurrent Neural Network to Perform Long-Term Time Series Forecasting

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computers, Materials & continua 2024年第3期78卷 3529-3549页

作者： Ying Su Morgan c.Wang Shuai Liu Department of Statistics and Data Science University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32816-2370USA School of Mathematics and Statistics Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing100048China

Long-term time series forecasting stands as a crucial research domain within the realm of automated machine learning(AutoML).At present,forecasting,whether rooted in machine learning or statistical learning,typically relies on expert input and necessitates substantial manual *** manual effort spans model development,feature engineering,hyper-parameter tuning,and the intricate construction of time series *** complexity of these tasks renders complete automation unfeasible,as they inherently demand human intervention at multiple *** surmount these challenges,this article proposes leveraging Long Short-Term Memory,which is the variant of Recurrent Neural Networks,harnessing memory cells and gating mechanisms to facilitate long-term time series ***,forecasting accuracy by particular neural network and traditional models can degrade significantly,when addressing long-term time-series ***,our research demonstrates that this innovative approach outperforms the traditional Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA)method in forecasting long-term univariate time *** is a high-quality and competitive model in time series prediction,and yet it requires significant preprocessing *** multiple accuracy metrics,we have evaluated both ARIMA and proposed method on the simulated time-series data and real data in both short and long ***,our findings indicate its superiority over alternative network architectures,including Fully connected Neural Networks,convolutional Neural Networks,and Nonpooling convolutional Neural *** AutoML approach enables non-professional to attain highly accurate and effective time series forecasting,and can be widely applied to various domains,particularly in business and finance.

关键词： Automated machine learning autoregressive integrated moving average neural networks time series analysis

Hierarchical control Strategy for Load Regulation Based on Stackelberg Game Theory considering Randomness

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cSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 929-941页

作者： Tingyu Jiang Ping Ju c.Y.chung Yuzhong Gong college of Energy and Electrical Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong CF624China Department of Electrical and computer Engineering University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5A9Canada cSEE IEEE

Demand response has been recognized as a valuable functionality of power systems for mitigating power *** paper proposes a hierarchical control strategy among the distribution system operator(DSO),load aggregators(LAs),and thermostatically controlled loads(TcLs);the strategy includes a scheduling layer and an executive layer to provide load *** the scheduling layer,the DSO(leader)offers compensation price(cP)strategies,and the LAs(followers)respond to cP strategies with available regulation power(ARP)*** of the DSO and LAs are modeled according to their behaviors during the load regulation *** game is adopted to capture interactions among the players and leader and to obtain the optimal strategy for each participant to achieve ***,considering inevitable random factors in practice,e.g.,renewable generation and behavior of users,two different stochastic models based on sample average approximation(SAA)and parameter modification are formulated with improved scheduling *** the executive layer,distributed TcLs are triggered based on strategies determined in the scheduling layer.A self-triggering method that does not violate user privacy is presented,where TcLs receive external signals from the LA and independently determine whether to alter their operation *** simulations are performed on the modified IEEE-24 bus system to verify effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

关键词： Demand response hierarchical control load regulation self-triggering method Stackelberg game

Data-driven Static Equivalence with Physics-informed Koopman Operators

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cSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第1期10卷 432-438页

作者： Wei Lin changhong Zhao Maosheng Gao c.Y.chung Department of Electrical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SARChina Department of Information Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina School of Electrical Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

With deployment of measurement units,fitting static equivalent models of distribution networks(DNs)by linear regression has been recognized as an effective method in power flow analysis of a transmission *** volatility of measurements caused by variable distributed renewable energy sources makes it more difficult to accurately fit such equivalent *** tackle this challenge,this letter proposes a novel data-driven method to improve equivalency accuracy of DNs with distributed energy *** letter provides a new perspective that an equivalent model can be regarded as a mapping from internal conditions and border voltages to border power *** mapping can be established through 1)Koopman operator theory,and 2)physical features of power flow equations at the root node of a *** of the proposed method is demonstrated on the IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 136-bus test systems connected to a 661-bus utility system.

关键词： Data-driven distribution network Koopman operator theory static equivalent model

Near resonance vibration isolation on a levered-dual response(LEDAR)coulomb-damped system by differential preloads/offsets in linear springs

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第6期45卷 1033-1050页

作者： T.I.TOLUWALOJU c.K.THEIN D.HALIM Department of Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100Zhejiang ProvinceChina Nottingham Ningbo china Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315048Zhejiang ProvinceChina

The levered-dual response(LEDAR)coulomb-damped system attains near resonant vibration isolation by differential preloads/offsets in linear *** takes the advantages of both the preloads/offsets in linear springs and the guiderail friction for realizing different levels of vibration *** isolation capacities are investigated on the strategies with both the horizontal and vertical guiderails,with the horizontal rail only,and without *** compressive preloads generally result in the consumption of most of the initial excitation energy so as to overcome the potential *** isolation onsets at the frequency ratio of 1∓0.095 on the left-hand side(LHS)and the right-hand side(RHS)of the lever are relative to the load plate *** observed near resonant isolation thus makes the LEDAR system a candidate for the isolation of the mechanical systems about resonance while opening a path for simultaneous harvesterisolation functions and passive functions at extreme frequencies.

关键词： lever ratio coulomb damping preload tension/compression isolation band/depth offset potential

维普期刊数据库

consumer transparency in the production chain for plant varieties produced using new genomic techniques

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aBIOTEcH 2024年第2期5卷 239-246页

作者： J.M.Lukasiewicz c.c.M.van de Wiel L.A.P.Lotz M.J.M.Smulders Wageningen University&Research P.O.Box 386NL-6700 AJ WageningenThe Netherlands

Plants edited with new genomic techniques(NGTs)currently fall under the Genetically Modified Organisms Directive(2001/18/Ec)in the European *** the proposal of the European commission,NGT plants are partially exempted from the regulations of this *** proposal makes a distinction between two categories of NGT plants:NGT-1 and ***-1 category plants are considered equal to plants obtained through conventional breeding *** plants will not be labelled for the consumer,although they will be labelled as ***-2 category plants may be labelled with additional information as a positive *** of seeds of varieties made with gene editing,but not the products,would mean that most steps in the production chain are transparent,but not the last step towards ***“right to know”and increasing knowledge of gene-edited food is a common theme in food labelling towards ***,we describe current labelling regimes and registers and how these may be applied to provide transparency on gene-edited products to ***,we also look into consumer studies,which indicate a greater acceptance of gene-edited food among consumers,especially when additional benefits such as sustainability are mentioned.

关键词： Labelling New genomic techniques consumer transparency Plant products

Geothermo-mechanical alterations due to heat energy extraction in enhanced geothermal systems: Overview and prospective directions

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Deep Underground Science and Engineering 2024年第3期3卷 256-268页

作者： Mary c.Ngoma Oladoyin Kolawole Olufemi Olorode John A.Reif Jr.Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkUSA Department of Petroleum Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeUSA

Geothermal energy from deep underground (or geological) formations,with or without its combination with carbon capture and storage (ccS),can be a key technology to mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and meet the 2050 net‐zero carbon emission *** resources in low‐permeability and medium‐and high‐temperature reservoirs in sedimentary sequence require hydraulic stimulation for enhanced geothermal systems (EGS).However,fluid migration for geothermal energy in EGS or with potential cO_(2) storage in a cO_(2)‐EGS are both dependent on the in situ flow pathway network created by induced fluid *** thermo‐mechanical interactions can be complex and induce varying alterations in the mechanical response when the working fluid is water (in EGS) or supercritical cO_(2)(in cO_(2)‐EGS),which could impact the geothermal energy recovery from geological ***,there is a need for a deeper understanding of the heat extraction process in EGS and cO_(2)‐*** study presents a systematic review of the effects of changes in mechanical properties and behavior of deep underground rocks on the induced flow pathway and heat recovery in EGS reservoirs with or without cO_(2) storage in cO_(2) ‐***,we proposed waterless‐stimulated EGS as an alternative approach to improve heat energy extraction in ***,based on the results of our literature review and proposed ideas,we recommend promising areas of investigation that may provide more insights into understanding geothermo‐mechanics to further stimulate new research studies and accelerate the development of geothermal energy as a viable clean energy technology.

关键词： cO_(2)-EGS enhanced geothermal systems geomechanics geothermal energy underground thermal energy

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Mantle avalanches in a Venus-like stagnant lid planet

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第5期8卷 686-702页

作者： Madeleine c.Kerr Dave R.Stegman Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California

Stagnant lid planets are characterized by a globe-encircling, conducting lid that is thick and strong, which leads to reduced global surface heat flows. consequently, the mantles of such planets can have warmer interiors than Earth, and interestingly, a pyrolitic mantle composition under warmer conditions is predicted to have a distinctly different mantle transition zone compared to the present-day Earth(Hirose, 2002; Stixrude and Lithgow-Bertelloni, 2011; Ichikawa et al., 2014; Dannberg et al, 2022). Instead of olivine primarily transforming into its higher-pressure polymorphs such as wadsleyite and then ringwoodite, at pressures corresponding to410 km and 520 km depth in Earth, respectively, it instead transforms into a mineral assemblage of wadsleyite, majorite, and ferropericlase(WMF), and then to majorite + ferropericlase(MF), before finally transforming into bridgmanite at pressures corresponding to 660 km depth in Earth(Stixrude and Lithgow-Bertelloni, 2011; Ichikawa et al., 2014). convective motions in stagnant lid planets are dominated by small-scale instabilities(cold drips) forming within the mobile rheological sublayer under the rigid lid. Using ASPEcT and a thermodynamic model of a pyrolitic mantle composition generated by HeFESTo, we show that under certain conditions, the small drips can pond atop the WMF-MF mineral phase transition. The barrier to convective flow arises from the WMF mineral phase assemblage having an effective negative thermal expansivity(Stixrude and Lithgow-Bertelloni, 2022). Although large-scale downwellings that typically occur within mobile lid planets are able to pass through the WMF zone without difficulty(Dannberg et al., 2022; Li RP et al.,2024), the smaller and less negatively buoyant nature of downwelling drips in stagnant lid planets are more susceptible to these effects,which leads to an ephemeral layering of the mantle. Our numerical models show that in stagnant lid planets with mantle potential temperatures that exceed

关键词： Venus mantle avalanches numerical modelling phase transitions