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Chlorinated paraffins in the technosphere:A review of available information and data gaps demonstrating the need to support the Stockholm Convention implementation

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 143-154页

作者： Yago Guida Raquel Capella Roland weber Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas FilhoLaboratorio de Micropoluentes Jan JapengaAv.Carlos Chagas Filho373Rio de JaneiroRJ21941-902Brazil POPs Environmental Consulting Schw€abisch Gmünd73527Germany

Chlorinated paraffins(CPs)have been produced for a wide range of applications,mostly in open uses,such as metalworking fluids,lubricants,coolants or additives in consumer *** production volume is more than one million tonnes requiring control of the lifecycle of these persistent and bioaccumulative *** May 2017,the Stockholm Convention amended its Annex A to list short chain chlorinated paraffins(SCCPs)as a Persistent Organic Pollutant(POP).Additionally,a limit for the presence of SCCPs in other CP mixtures was set at 1%by *** can be released to the environment throughout their ***,the major objective of this review was to assess and compile information on SCCPs and other CPs regarding their lifecycle in the technosphere to support the Stockholm Convention implementation.A few studies have assessed CP production plants and contamination in the surrounding ***,there was no systematic investigation of release routes from production and no assessment of associated landfills,even though these are known major pollution sources at other organochlorine production *** studies have reported that industrial areas,where CPs have likely been used,have elevated levels of CPs in sediments and ***,although CPs are largely released when used as metalworking fluids or lubricants,no systematic assessment of releases has been conducted at the thousands of sites where CPs are used in high *** CPs,mainly medium chain chlorinated paraffins(MCCPs)and SCCPs,are used as additives in the production of consumer goods,resulting in exposure *** above the European Union regulation for SCCPs of 1500 mg kg^-1 and up to approx.20%are frequently *** end-of-life management of CP-containing products is difficult since no labelling requirement exists even for products containing *** Stockholm Convention prohibits the recycling of SCCP-containing products,which will result in challenges recycling the imp

关键词： SCCPs MCCPs LCCPs Lifecycle Pollution control Consumer goods Persistent organic pollutants Human exposure

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Soil temperature modifies effects of soil biota on plant growth

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第5期10卷 808-821页

作者： Johannes Heinze Sabine Gensch Ewald weber Jasmin Joshi Department of Biodiversity Research/Botany Institute of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamMaulbeerallee 1D-14469 PotsdamGermany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research(BBIB) Altensteinstr.614195 BerlinGermany

Aims Plants directly and indirectly interact with many abiotic and biotic soil *** so far mostly focused on direct,indi-vidual abiotic or biotic effects on plant growth,but only few studies tested the indirect effects of abiotic soil factors on plant ***,we investigated how abiotic soil conditions affect plant performance,via changes induced by soil *** In a full-factorial experiment,we grew the widespread grass Dactylis glomerata either with or without soil biota and investigated the impact of soil temperature,fertility and moisture on the soil biota effects on plant *** measured biomass production,root traits and colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as well as microbial *** Findings We found significant interaction effects between abiotic soil con-ditions and soil biota on plant growth for fertility,but especially for soil temperature,as an increase of 10°c significantly changed the soil biota effects on plant growth from positive to ***,if tested individually,an increase in soil temperature and fertility per se positively affected plant biomass production,whereas soil biota per se did not affect overall plant growth,but both influenced root *** affecting soil microbial activ-ity and root architecture,soil temperature might influence both mutualistic and pathogenic interactions between plants and soil *** soil temperature effects should be considered in soil feedback studies to ensure greater transferability of results from artificial and experimental conditions to natural environmental conditions.

关键词： plant-soil interaction soil biota abiotic soil factors root traits plant growth

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Minimizing the environmental impact of PFAS by using specialized coagulants for the treatment of PFAS polluted waters and for the decontamination of firefighting equipment

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Emerging Contaminants 2021年第1期7卷 63-76页

作者： Martin Cornelsen Roland weber Stefan Panglisch Cornelsen Umwelttechnologie GmbH Graf-Beust-Allee 3345141EssenGermany POPs Environmental Consulting Lindenfirststr.2373527Schwabisch GmündGermany University Duisburg Essen(UDE) Mechanical Process Engineering/Water TechnologyLotharstr.147057DuisburgGermany

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)represent an increasingly global challenge for keeping water and soil“non-toxic”.100 of millions of people are exposed to PFAS levels of concern,in particular,around PFAS production sites and sites where PFASs are/were used and released or *** Stockholm Convention established recommendations to systematically assess PFOS pollution which can be transposed to all PFASs considering that PFASs are an issue of concern under The Strategic Approach to International Chemical Management(SAICM).One major wide-spread source of environmental pollution is the long-term use of PFAS-containing fire extinguishing *** for the reduction of human exposure need to reduce and were feasible eliminate the current uses of PFASs and reduce and eliminate the human exposure from the contamination of the environment from past uses including contaminated drinking *** current study shows that well-known methods of water treatment,especially the use of materials for adsorption and ion exchange,can often neither guarantee satisfactory cleaning results nor economically justifiable filter running times at high PFAS concentrations and complex matrix *** combination with a pre-precipitation stage using specialized precipitants can significantly optimize treatment *** is still being released into the environment in considerable quantities by *** use of so-called aqueous film forming foams(AFFF).Fire departments are increasingly trying to reduce the risks associated with the use of AFFF agents for the health of firefighting personnel and the environment by replacing AFFF foaming agents with fluorine-free foaming *** the fluorine-containing foaming agents are simply replaced,considerable residual PFAS loads often remain in the fire extinguishing systems contaminated with PFAS(fire engines,fire boats,stationary fire extinguishing systems,etc.),which are then discharged further into the environment durin

关键词： Contaminated sites Adsorption Short-chain PFAS Ion exchange Activated carbon PerfluorAd Fire truck cleaning

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Irradiation uniformity at the Laser MegaJoule facility in the context of the shock ignition scheme

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2014年第2期2卷 1-12页

作者： Mauro Temporal Benoit Canaud Warren J. Garbett Rafael Ramis Stefan weber Centre de Math'ematiques et de Leurs Applications ENS Cachan and CNRS 61 Av. du President Wilson Cachan Cedex France CEA DIF Arpajon Cedex France AWE plc Aldermaston Reading Berkshire United Kingdom ETSI Aeron'auticos Universidad Polit'ecnica de Madrid Madrid Spain ELI-Beamlines Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic

The use of the Laser MegaJoule facility within the shock ignition scheme has been considered. In the first part of the study, one-dimensional hydrodynamic calculations were performed for an inertial confinement fusion capsule in the context of the shock ignition scheme providing the energy gain and an estimation of the increase of the peak power due to the reduction of the photon penetration expected during the high-intensity spike pulse. In the second part, we considered a Laser MegaJoule configuration consisting of 176 laser beams that have been grouped providing two different irradiation schemes. In this configuration the maximum available energy and power are 1.3 MJ and 440 TW. Optimization of the laser–capsule parameters that minimize the irradiation non-uniformity during the first few ns of the foot pulse has been performed. The calculations take into account the specific elliptical laser intensity profile provided at the Laser MegaJoule and the expected beam uncertainties. A significant improvement of the illumination uniformity provided by the polar direct drive technique has been demonstrated. Three-dimensional hydrodynamic calculations have been performed in order to analyse the magnitude of the azimuthal component of the irradiation that is neglected in twodimensional hydrodynamic simulations.

关键词： inertial confinement fusion shock ignition laser system

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From Slater to Mott physics by epitaxially engineering electronic correlations in oxide interfaces

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 846-851页

作者： Carla Lupo Evan Sheridan Edoardo Fertitta David Dubbink Chris J.Pickard Cedric weber Theory and Simulation of Condensed Matter King’s College LondonLondonUK Happy Electron Ltd LondonUK Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendaiJapan

Using spin-assisted ab initio random structure searches,we explore an exhaustive quantum phase diagram of archetypal interfaced Mott insulators,***-iron and lanthanum-titanium *** particular,we report that the charge transfer induced by the interfacial electronic reconstruction stabilises a high-spin ferrous Fe2+*** provide a pathway to control the strength of correlation in this electronic state by tuning the epitaxial strain,yielding a manifold of quantum electronic phases,***-Hubbard,charge transfer and Slater insulating ***,we report that the electronic correlations are closely related to the structural oxygen octahedral rotations,whose control is able to stabilise the low-spin state of Fe2+at low pressure previously observed only under the extreme high pressure conditions in the Earth’s lower ***,we provide avenues for magnetic switching via THz radiations which have crucial implications for next generation of spintronics technologies.

关键词： Slater lanthanum quantum

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Model-based optimization of adaptive external counterpulsation therapy

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2016年第2期7卷 208-226页

作者： Soren Weyer Hannes weber Christian Kleeberg Steffen Leonhardt Daniel Teichmann Chair for Medical Information Technology Helmholtz Institute RWTH Aachen University Pauwelsstr.20AachenGermany tic Medizintechnik GmbH&Co.KG Endelner Feld 9 DorstenGermany

External counterpulsation therapy(ECP)is a non-invasive method to assist the circulatory *** main principle of ECP is to initiate a diastolic pulse wave in the arterial system by squeezing the inner leg *** and low veins are compressed due to muscle contractions,which are triggered by functional electrical stimulation(FES).In this work,a new trigger method for the stimulation is *** flow is determined by measuring the pulsatile change of conductivity in the observed segment by impedance *** proposed“adaptive stimulation”allows the automatic adjustment of the start and duration of the stimulation to improve transport of venous *** this purpose,a mathematical circulation model was developed for optimization of the adaptive functional electrical *** model takes into account the effects of gravity,muscle pump with or without FES,and venous *** model was shown to have a behavior similar to that of clinical *** simulation showed a flow enhancement of up to 14%and,furthermore,that the start of the stimulation is less important than the duration of each stimulation ***,an adaptation of the heart rate seems necessary,as the expulsion and refill times must remain relatively constant for an optimal pumping *** a practical approach,it is reasonable to adapt the duration of stimulation to 56%of the cardiac cycle in order to reach a maximum flow.

关键词： Optimization circulation model vein pump activation functional electrical stimulation

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The effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training on muscle strength,volume and activity upon exposure to elevated Gz forces in high-performance aircraft personnel

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Military Medical Research 2021年第4期8卷 481-489页

作者： Monika Rausch Frank weber Sven Kühn Carla Ledderhos Christoph Zinner Billy Sperlich Multinational Medical Coordination Centre/European Medical Command Andernacher Strasse 10056070 KoblenzGermany. German Air Force Center of Aerospace Medicine 82256 FuerstenfeldbruckGermany. Department of Radiology Bundeswehr Central Hospital56072 KoblenzGermany. Department of Sport University of Applied Sciences for Police and Administration of Hesse65199 WiesbadenGermany. Integrative&Experimental Exercise Science&Training Institute of Sport ScienceUniversity of Wuerzburg97082 WuerzburgGermany

Background:Technological advancements in modern military and acrobatic jet planes have resulted in extraordinary psychophysiological loads being exerted upon flying personnel,including inducing neck and back *** purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training on 1)the volume and strength of the neck and shoulder muscles and 2)muscular activity upon exposure to helmets of different masses and elevated Gz forces in a long-arm centrifuge in high-performance aircraft ***:Eighteen participants underwent 12 weeks of functional strength training(n=12)or the control protocol(n=6)without additional strength ***-and post-intervention tests included evaluations of isometric strength of the head extensor muscles,flexion,and lateral flexion and rotation,as well as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to measure the volume of the ***,***,and deep neck ***,during a long-arm centrifuge(+1.4 and+3Gz)protocol,the muscular activity levels of the ***,*** and *** spinae muscles were assessed without a flight helmet,with a helmet,and with a helmet and night vision *** participant’s perception of muscular strain was noted immediately after the long-arm centrifuge ***:The maximal isometric strength in all exercises and muscle volumes increased in the training group but not the control group(P<0.05).Relative muscle activity(%MVC)with a helmet decreased after the intervention in the training but not the control group(P=0.01).Relative muscle activity while wearing a helmet and night vision goggles was higher after intervention in the control group than in the training group(P<0.01).The perceived muscular strain of the neck muscles induced by the long-arm centrifuge did not differ between the ***:Twelve weeks of functional strength training improves the maximal isometric strength and volume of neck and shoulder m

关键词： Fighter pilots Long-arm centrifuge Muscular strain Strength training Neck muscle High-performance aircraft Gz forces

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Emerging R&D on membranes and systems for water reuse and desalination

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第7期27卷 1578-1585页

作者： Tai-Shung Chung Dieling Zhao Jie Gao Kangjia Lu Chunfeng Wan Martin weber Christian Maletzko Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117585Singapore Advanced Materials and Systems Research BASF SERAP/OUB - B167056 LudwigshafenGermany Performance Materials BASF SEG-PMFSU-F20667056 LudwigshafenGermany

Sustainable production of clean water is a global *** we firmly believe that membrane technologies are one of the most promising solutions to tackle the global water challenges,one must reduce their energy consumption and fouling propensity for broad sustainable *** addition,different membranes face various challenges in their specific applications during long-term *** this short review,we will summarize the recent progresses in emerging membrane technologies and system integration to advance and sustain water reuse and desalination with discussion on their challenges and perspectives.

关键词： Membrane technology Water reuse Desalination Hybrid system Nanomaterials

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Kayexalate-induced colonic ulcer

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Gastroenterology Report 2014年第3期2卷 235-236页

作者： Mazen Albeldawi Varun Gaur Luke weber Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA

A 61-year-old male presents to the emergency room with complaints of fatigue,dizziness and bright red blood per rectum(BRBPR)for 2 *** medical history was significant for gastroesophageal reflux disease,non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug(NSAID)induced ulcer,and end-stage renal disease(GFR<30)status post 2 failed renal *** medications include pantoprazole and sodium polystyrene sulfonate in sorbitol(Kayexalate 30 g/d orally).On esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)there was a single shallow,flat,non-bleeding gastric ulcer(3mm)in the pre-pyloric region of the stomach with no stigmata of bleeding.A colonoscopy was performed showing evidence of colitis and localized ulcerations in the cecum which were *** revealed basophilic,nonpolarizable,rhomboid-like crystals without evidence of necrosis.

关键词： Kayexalate medication side effect gastrointestinal bleed

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Preference status does not indicate intrinsic quality differences in Drosophila pseudoobscura

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第3期5卷 198-207页

作者： Yong-Kyu KIM Mary Beth weber Wyatt W.ANDERSON Patricia Adair GOWATY Department of Genetics University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA Rollins School of Public Health Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Institute of the Environment University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute APOUSA

The good genes hypothesis states that choosers prefer individuals of high intrinsic quality to individuals of lower intrinsic *** in longevity is thought to reflect,in part,intrinsic quality differences of individuals in addition to the costs of mating and *** we report longevity variation of Drosophila pseudoobscura,a species in which previous experiments have demonstrated that individual mate preferences(pre-touching mate assessments)of females and males are associated with enhanced numbers of eclosed(adult)offspring and higher egg-to-adult survival(offspring viability).Using mate assessment arenas and protocols similar to those in a previous experiment that demonstrated fitness benefits to breeders and their offspring of mating with individuals they preferred,we tested the following predictions:(i)preferred discriminatees live longer than non-preferred discriminatees;(ii)males live longer than females;and(iii)virgins live longer than mated *** experiment yielded 938 individuals for longevity *** and mating status affected longevity:males lived longer than females,virgin females lived longer than mated females,but there were no differences in longevity for mated and virgin ***-preferred discriminatees of both sexes survived as long as preferred discriminatees,a result inconsistent with the prediction of the good genes hypothesis for mate *** our knowledge,this is the first demonstration of the cost of reproduction for females in *** and of longevity variation of preferred and non-preferred discriminatees.

关键词： longevity mate assessment mate choice mate preferences.

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