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Effective depth-of-penetration range due to hardness variation for different lots of nominally identical target material

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 171-176页

作者： Patrick FRUEH Andreas HEINE Karl Ernst weber Matthias WICKERT fraunhofer EMI Eckerstrasse 479104 FreiburgGermany

The effect of small variations of target hardness on the depth of penetration for nominally identical target material has not been addressed systematically in publications yet and is often neglected. An investigation of this issue for laboratory-scale long rod projectiles penetrating into semi-infinite rolled-homogeneous-armor steel targets was conducted. The tungsten-heavy-alloy penetrators were of length 90 mm and diameter6 mm. Five lots of armor steel with a nominal hardness range of 280–330 BHN provided material for the targets. The pursued approach consisted of hardness testing of the targets, in total 17 ballistic experiments at velocities in between 1250 m/s and 1780 m/s and data analysis.A linear regression analysis of penetration vs. hardness shows that a target hardness increase within the given range of 280–330 BHN may result in a reduction of penetration depth of about 5.8 mm at constant velocity. This is equal to a change of-12% at an impact velocity of 1250 m/s. A multiple linear regression analysis included also the influence of yaw angle and impact velocity. It shows that small yaw angles and slight variations of impact velocities provide a smaller variation of the semi-infinite penetration depths than a variation of target hardness within a typical specification span of 50 BHN. For such a span a change in penetration of approximately-4.8 mm due to hardness variation is found, whereas 1°of yaw angle or-10 m/s of velocity variation gives a change of about-1.0 mm respectively-0.9 mm. For the given example, the overwhelming part of the variation is to be attributed to hardness effects – 4.8 mm out of 5.8 mm(83%). For nominally identical target material the target hardness thus influences the ballistic test results more severely than the typical scatter in impact conditions.

关键词：硬度变化渗透深度靶材料一元线性回归分析多元线性回归分析地段穿透深度冲击速度

Disposal of waste-based fuels and raw materials in cement plants in Germany and Switzerland e What can be learned for global coincineration practice and policy?

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 93-102页

作者： Josef Waltisberg Roland weber Waltisberg Consulting 5113HolderbankSwitzerland POPs Environmental Consulting 73527Schw€abisch GmündGermany

The limit value for emissions of total organic carbon(TOC)for incinerators in the European Union(EU)is 10 mg/***,clinker burning is a material conversion process during which TOC emissions from the fuels occur concurrently with the thermal decomposition of organic material from the raw material mixture(limestone,marl,shale,etc.)in the preheater,which alone can emit more than 10 mg/***,the German legislature has created an exemption that allows authorities to set higher limit values for cement kilns if the cause of the higher emissions is the natural raw material mixture and not the co-incinerated *** the effects requires a test to determine the baseline emission of the natural raw material or waste raw *** until now,these tests were only used internally by *** applying such tests,the emissions from the fuels,particularly from waste-based fuels,can be determined,restricted and *** emissions from natural materials cannot be *** Switzerland and Germany these emissions are on average around 20e35 mg/*** has recently set a high TOC limit value of 80 mg/m3 for cement kilns,independent of the source of organic emissions,and even allows the use of polychlorinated biphenyl(PCB)contaminated soils as raw material(up to 10 mg/kg).This limit is too high and can result in unnecessary emissions of carcinogenic benzene,PCBs and other *** the natural raw materials and waste raw materials emit organic ***,there is one major *** natural raw materials emit mostly aliphatic compounds at temperatures up to about 600C,whereas the organic compounds originating from waste-based raw material components can include hazardous pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)and other persistent organic pollutants(POPs),which desorb in the preheater and are released into the ***,waste raw materials such as soils contaminated with POPs or other semivolatile toxic chemical

关键词： Cement kiln Co-incineration Organic emissions PCDD/PCDF HCB Regulation Expulsion test

Dioxin sources to the aquatic environment: Re-assessing dioxins in industrial processes and possible emissions to the aquatic

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Emerging Contaminants 2021年第1期7卷 52-62页

作者： Katsuya Kawamoto Roland weber School of Environmental and Life Science Okayama University3-1-1 Tsushima-nakaOkayama700-8530Japan POPs Environmental Consulting Lindenfirststraße 2373527Schwabisch GmündGermany

Releases of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/PCDFs)from industrial or thermal processes to the aquatic environment are considered small compared to emissions to air ***,industrial processes have occasionally released PCDD/PCDFs into local aquatic environments..PCDD/PCDF formation and releases were re-examined based on investigations conducted before the introduction of water quality regulations in *** was given to PCDD/PCDF formation in various industrial processes such as the manufacture of acetylene and *** acetylene production,PCDD/PCDFs are formed in the oxidative process using chlorine to remove impurities,with PCDFs formed with the particular chlorine pattern with 1,2,7,8-TetraCDF,2,3,7,8-TetraCDFs and 1,2,3,4,7,8-HexaCDF as maker congeners and low PCDDs *** indicates that acetylene production residues contain *** caprolactam production,formation of PCDD/PCDFs in the cyclohexane photonitrosation process has been confirmed and the emission factor for PCDD/PCDF releases to water from for caprolactam manufacture was estimated with an emission factor for releases to the aquatic environment of 0.25±0.04 mgTEQ/t.A range of additional processes with PCDD/PCDF release were also found during the Japanese ***,the formation processes were placed in two categories:(A)chemical synthesis processes and (B)flue gas treatment of high temperature *** final effluent water met the PCDD/PCDF limits by applying advanced treatment for PCDD/PCDF removal such as activated carbon *** survey shows that industrial processes involving elemental chlorine or other processes that facilitate chlorination or use chlorinating chemicals should be assessed and controlled for PCDD/PCDFs and other unintentional POPs releases to *** such surveys,chemicals from the chlorine and organochlorine industry should also be assessed for PCDD/PCDFs and other unintentional POPs contamination as pr

关键词： PCDD/PCDF Water pollution Industrial sources Acetylene manufacturing Caprolactam manufacturing Pattern Unintentional POPs

Data-driven Bayesian model-based prediction of fatigue crack nucleation in Ni-based superalloys

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 354-368页

作者： Maxwell Pinz George weber Jean Charles Stinville Tresa Pollock Somnath Ghosh Civil&Systems Engineering Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA Materials Department University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA93106USA Departments of Civil&Systems Engineering Mechanical Engineeringand Materials Science&EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA

This paper develops a Bayesian inference-based probabilistic crack nucleation model for the Ni-based superalloy René88DT under fatigue loading.A data-driven,machine learning approach is developed,identifying underlying mechanisms driving crack *** experimental set of fatigue-loaded microstructures is characterized near crack nucleation sites using scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction images for correlating the grain morphology and crystallography to the location of crack nucleation sites.A concurrent multiscale model,embedding experimental polycrystalline microstructural representative volume elements(RVEs)in a homogenized material,is developed for fatigue *** RVE domain is modeled by a crystal plasticity finite element *** anisotropic continuum plasticity model,obtained by homogenization of the crystal plasticity model,is used for the exterior domain.A Bayesian classification method is introduced to optimally select informative state variable predictors of crack *** this principal set of state variables,a simple scalar crack nucleation indicator is formulated.

关键词： crack fatigue superalloy

Self-discharge mitigation in a liquid metal displacement battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第3期31卷 390-396,I0011页

作者： Kashif Mushtaq Ji Zhao Norbert weber Adelio Mendes Donald R.Sadoway Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA 02139-4307United States LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering EnvironmentBiotechnology and EnergyFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoRua Dr.Roberto Frias4200-465 PortoPortugal Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringNational University of Sciences and TechnologyH-12IslamabadPakistan Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstr.40001328 DresdenGermany

Recently,a disruptive idea was reported about the discovery of a new type of battery named Liquid Displacement Battery(LDB)comprising liquid metal electrodes and molten salt *** cell featured a novel concept of a porous electronically conductive faradaic membrane instead of the traditional ion-selective ceramic *** are attractive for stationary storage applications but need mitigation against *** the instant battery chemistry,Li|LiCl-PbCl_(2)|Pb,reducing the diffusion coefficient of lead ions can be a way forward and a solution can be the addition of Pb O to the *** latter acts as a supplementary barrier and complements the function of the faradaic *** remedial actions improved the cell’s coulombic efficiency from 92%to 97%without affecting the voltage *** addition,the limiting current density of a 500 m Ah cell increased from 575 to 831 m A cm;and the limiting power from 2.53 to 3.66 ***,the effect of Pb O on the impedance and polarization of the cell was also studied.

关键词： Liquid displacement battery Liquid metal battery High-temperature battery Faradaic membrane ZEBRA battery Electrolyte additives

The joint impact of bankruptcy costs, fire sales and cross-holdings on systemic risk in financial networks

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Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk 2017年第1期2卷 192-229页

作者： Stefan weber Kerstin Weske Institut fur Mathematische Stochastik Leibniz Universit¨at HannoverWelfengarten 130167 HannoverGermany

The paper presents a comprehensive model of a banking system that integrates network effects,bankruptcy costs,fire sales,and *** the integrated financial market we prove the existence of a price-payment equilibrium and design an algorithm for the computation of the greatest and the least *** number of defaults corresponding to the greatest price-payment equilibrium is analyzed in several comparative case *** illustrate the individual and joint impact of interbank liabilities,bankruptcy costs,fire sales and cross-holdings on systemic *** study policy implications and regulatory instruments,including central bank guarantees and quantitative easing,the significance of last wills of financial institutions,and capital requirements.

关键词： Systemic risk Financial contagion Financial network Cross-holdings Fire sales Bankruptcy costs

Fiduciary Responsibility: Facilitating Public Trust in Automated Decision Making

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Journal of Social Computing 2022年第4期3卷 345-362页

作者： Shannon B.Harper Eric S.weber Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA. Department of Mathematics Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA.

Automated decision-making systems are being increasingly deployed and affect the public in a multitude of positive and negative *** and private institutions use these systems to process information according to certain human-devised rules in order to address social problems or organizational *** research and real-world experience indicate that the public lacks trust in automated decision-making systems and the institutions that deploy *** recreancy theorem argues that the public is more likely to trust and support decisions made or influenced by automated decision-making systems if the institutions that administer them meet their fiduciary ***,often the public is never informed of how these systems operate and resultant institutional decisions are made.A“black box”effect of automated decision-making systems reduces the public’s perceptions of integrity and ***,the institutions administering these systems are less able to assess whether the decisions are *** result is that the public loses the capacity to identify,challenge,and rectify unfairness or the costs associated with the loss of public goods or *** current position paper defines and explains the role of fiduciary responsibility within an automated decision-making *** formulate an automated decision-making system as a data science lifecycle(DSL)and examine the implications of fiduciary responsibility within the context of the *** responsibility within DSLs provides a methodology for addressing the public’s lack of trust in automated decision-making systems and the institutions that employ them to make decisions affecting the *** posit that fiduciary responsibility manifests in several contexts of a DSL,each of which requires its own mitigation of sources of *** instantiate fiduciary responsibility,a Los Angeles Police Department(LAPD)predictive policing case study is *** examine the de

关键词： trust artificial intelligence automated decision-making recreancy theorem fiduciary responsibility

High-magnification observation of seminiferous tubules through the tunica albuginea by two-photon laser scanning microscopy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第5期13卷 774-776页

作者： Vincent Achard Pascal weber Georges Mercier Marie-Pierre Blanchard Laboratoire d＇Histologie-Cytologie Faculte de Medecine secteur Timone Universite de la Mediterranee Marseille 13385 France Centre d＇Assistance Medicale a la Procreation AP-HM Conception Marseille 13385 France CNRS - IBDML - UMR6216 Service Imagerie - Case 907 Faculte des Sciences de Luminy Marseille 13288 France and Centre de Microscopie et Imagerie IFR Jean Roche Universite de la Mediterranee Marseille 13916 France

Testicular sperm extraction is widely used in the treatment of male infertility in cases of non-obstructive azoospermia. Identifying spermatogenetic foci within the testes is critical for testicular sperm extraction. Two-photon laser scanning microscopy （TPLSM） is an autofluorescence-based microscopy technique that allows observation at a cellular level in the depth of fresh living tissues and does not require any histological processing （fixation or staining）. The wavelengths previously used have shown no phototoxicity on sperm. We used TPLSM to detect spermatogenetic foci in fresh mouse testicular parenchyma without disrupting the tunica albuginea. Fresh surgically retrieved testes were observed using TPLSM within 1 h after extraction. Contralateral testes for each animal were observed using standard histology. Using TPLSM we were able to observe and measure the diameter of seminiferous tubules through the tunica albuginea, similar to the histological control. Structures within epithelial tubules were also observed, although their nature has yet to be identified. TPLSM is a real-time microscopy technique that could detect spermatogenetic foci.

关键词： seminiferous epithelium spermatogenesis

Approach for improved development of advanced driver assistance systems for future smart mobility concepts

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Autonomous Intelligent Systems 2023年第1期3卷 109-122页

作者： Michael weber Tobias Weiss Franck Gechter Reiner Kriesten Institute of Energy Efficient Mobility Hochschule Karlsruhe-University of Applied SciencesHKAKarlsruheGermany. CIAD(UMR 7533) Univ.Bourgogne Franche-ComteUTBMBelfortFrance. LORIA-MOSEL(UMR 7503) Universitéde LorraineNancyFrance.

To use the benefits of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems(ADAS)-Tests in simulation and reality a new approach for using Augmented Reality(AR)in an automotive vehicle for testing ADAS is presented in this *** procedure provides a link between simulation and reality and should enable a faster development process for future increasingly complex ADAS tests and future mobility *** fields for ADAS offer a small number of orientation ***,these must be detected and processed at high vehicle *** requires high computational power both for developing our method and its subsequent use in *** image segmentation(IS),artificial intelligence(AI)for object recognition,and visual simultaneous localization and mapping(vSLAM),we aim to create a three-dimensional model with accurate information about the test *** is expected that using AI and IS will significantly improve performance as computational speed and accuracy for AR applications in automobiles.

关键词： Augmented reality Advanced driver assistance systems Visual simultaneous localization and mapping European new car assessment programme