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Integration of multiple flexible electrodes for realtime detection of barrier formation with spatial resolution in a gut-on-chip system

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 105-114页

作者： Mara lucchetti Gabriel Werr Sofia Johansson laurent Barbe léa Grandmougin Paul Wilmes maria Tenje luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine(lCSB) University of LuxembourgEsch-sur-Alzette L-4362Luxembourg Division of Biomedical Engineering Department of Materials Science and EngineeringScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University75121 UppsalaSweden Department of life Sciences and Medicine Faculty of ScienceTechnology and MedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch-sur-Alzette L-4362Luxembourg

In healthy individuals,the intestinal epithelium forms a tight barrier to prevent gut bacteria from reaching blood circulation.To study the effect of probiotics,dietary compounds and drugs on gut barrier formation and disruption,human gut epithelial and bacterial cells can be cocultured in an in vitro model called the human microbial crosstalk(HuMiX)gut-on-a-chip system.Here,we present the design,fabrication and integration of thin-film electrodes into the HuMiX platform to measure transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER)as a direct readout on barrier tightness in realtime.As various aspects of the HuMiX platform have already been set in their design,such as multiple compressible layers,uneven surfaces and nontransparent materials,a novel fabrication method was developed whereby thin-film metal electrodes were first deposited on flexible substrates and sequentially integrated with the HuMiX system via a transfer-tape approach.Moreover,to measure localized TEER along the cell culture chamber,we integrated multiple electrodes that were connected to an impedance analyzer via a multiplexer.We further developed a dynamic normalization method because the active measurement area depends on the measured TEER levels.The fabrication process and system setup can be applicable to other barrier-on-chip systems.As a proof-of-concept,we measured the barrier formation of a cancerous Caco-2 cell line in real-time,which was mapped at four spatially separated positions along the HuMiX culture area.

关键词： barrier system multiple

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Effect of low concentration electrolytes on the formation and corrosion resistance of PEO coatings on AM50 magnesium alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1386-1405页

作者： Peng Xie Carsten Blawert maria Serdechnova Natalia Konchakova Tatsiana Shulha Ting Wu Mikhail l.Zheludkevich Institute of Surface Science Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck Strasse 121502 GeesthachtGermany Institute for Materials Science Faculty of EngineeringKiel UniversityKaiserstrasse 224143 KielGermany

In this paper,the formation process,morphology,and electrochemical performance of PEO coatings on AM50 magnesium alloy prepared in low concentration phosphate,aluminate,and phosphate-aluminate electrolytes were systematically studied.The results show that the coatings prepared from the phosphate electrolytes have a higher thickness and better corrosion resistance properties compared to the other electrolytes.The coatings prepared from low concentration phosphate-aluminate mixed electrolytes have slightly thinner thickness,a similar coating structure and an order of magnitude lower value of electrochemical impedance compared with phosphate electrolyte coatings.The Coatings prepared from low concentration aluminate electrolytes have the lowest thickness and the worst corrosion resistance properties which gets close to corrosion behavior of the bare AM50 under the same test conditions.Considering application,coatings prepared from single low concentration phosphate electrolytes and low concentration phosphate-aluminate electrolytes have greater potential than single low concentration aluminate coatings.However,reducing the electrolyte concentrations of coating forming ions too much has negative influence on the coating growth rate.

关键词： Plasma electrolytic oxidation low concentration electrolytes Corrosion resistance AM50 magnesium alloy

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Poor maternal nutrition inhibits muscle development in ovine offspring

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第1期6卷 79-89页

作者： Sarah A Reed Joseline S Raja maria l hoffman Steven A Zinn Kristen E Govoni Department of Animal Science University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA

Background： Maternal over and restricted nutrition has negative consequences on the muscle of offspring by reducing muscle fiber number and altering regulators of muscle growth. To determine if over and restricted maternal nutrition affected muscle growth and gene fed 60%, 100% or 140% of National Research Council and protein expression in offspring, 36 pregnant ewes were requirements from d 31 ＋ 1,3 of gestation until parturition. lambs from control-fed （CON）, restricted-fed （RES） or over-fed （OVER） ewes were necropsied within 1 d of birth （n = 18） or maintained on a control diet for 3 mo （n = ] 5）. Semitendinosus muscle was collected for immunohistochemistry, and protein and gene expression analysis. Results： Compared with CON, muscle fiber cross-sectional area （CSA） increased in RES （58%） and OVER （47%） lambs at 1 d of age （P〈 0.01）; however at 3 mo, CSA decreased 15% and 17% compared with CON, respectively （P 〈 0.01）. Compared with CON, muscle lipid content was increased in OVER （212.4%） and RES （92.5%） at d 1 （P 〈 0.0001）. Muscle lipid content was increased 36.1% in OVER and decreased 23.6% in RES compared with CON at 3 mo （P 〈 0.0001）. At d 1, myostatin mRNA abundance in whole muscle tended to be greater in OVER （P = 0.07） than CON. Follistatin mRNA abundance increased in OVER （P = 0.04） and tended to increase in RES （P = 0.06） compared with CON at d 1. However, there was no difference in myostatin or follistatin protein expression （P 〉 0.3）. Phosphorylated Akt （ser473） was increased in RES at 3 mo compared with CON （P = 0.006）. Conclusions： In conclusion, maternal over and restricted nutrient intake alters muscle lipid content and growth of offspring, possibly through altered gene and protein expression.

关键词： Growth Maternal nutrition Muscle development Sheep

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Targeted NGS analysis reveals a complex genetic background of idiopathic erythrocytosis in a large Venetian family

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 561-563页

作者： Bertozzi Irene Benetti Andrea Regazzo Daniela Polese Francesca Biagetti Giacomo Ceolotto Giulio Randi maria luigia First Medical Clinic University of Padua Department of Medicine – DIMEDVia Giustiniani 2Padova 35123Italy Transfusion Medicine Department Ospedale dell'Angelo - Venezia MestreVia Paccagnella 1Venice 30174Italy Emergency Medicine University of Padua Department of Medicine – DIMEDVia Giustiniani 2Padova 35123Italy

Absolute erythrocytosis,due to an increased production of red blood cells,becomes manifest with hemoglobin(Hb)levels above 165 or 160 g/l or with a hematocrit(HCT)above 51%and 48%in males and females,respectively.1 A minority of patients have polycythemia vera(PV);acquired secondary erythrocytosis frequently occurs due to appropriate or inappropriate erythropoietin(EPO)excess,while congenital secondary erythrocytosis may derive from genetic defects causing tissue hypoxia.Hereditary erythrocytosis occurs in patients with genetic mutations of the oxygen-sensing pathway(VHl,PHD2,_HIF-1-alpha)or the erythropoietin receptor(EPOR)genes.2 Recently,HFE gene variants have been described in sporadic erythrocytoses.3 In a high proportion(about 70%)of patients with erythrocytosis,a specific etiology remains elusive despite extensive testing,and the diagnosis of idiopathic erythrocytosis(IE)is ruled out.

关键词： diagnosis patients congenital

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Non-pancreatic hyperlipasemia:A puzzling clinical entity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第19期30卷 2538-2552页

作者： Krisztina Eszter Feher David Tornai Zsuzsanna Vitalis laszlo Davida Nora Sipeki maria Papp Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecen H-4032Hajdu-BiharHungary Kalman laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecen H-4032Hungary

BACKGROUND Increased lipase level is a serological hallmark of the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis(AP)but can be detected in various other diseases associated with lipase leakage due to inflammation of organs surrounding the pancreas or reduced renal clearance and/or hepatic metabolism.This non-pancreatic hyperlipasemia(NPHl)is puzzling for attending physicians during the diagnostic procedure for AP.It would be clinically beneficial to identify the clinical and laboratory variables that hinder the accuracy of lipase diagnosis with the aim of improve it.A more precise description of the NPHl condition could potentially provide prognostic factors for adverse outcomes which is currently lacking.AIM To perform a detailed clinical and laboratory characterization of NPHl in a large prospective patient cohort with an assessment of parameters determining disease outcomes.METHODS A Hungarian patient cohort with serum lipase levels at least three times higher than the upper limit of normal(UlN)was prospectively evaluated over 31 months.Patients were identified using daily electronic laboratory reports developed to support an ongoing observational,multicenter,prospective cohort study called the EASY trial(ISRCTN10525246)to establish a simple,easy,and accurate clinical scoring system for early prognostication of AP.Diagnosis of NPHl was established based on≥3×UlN serum lipase level in the absence of abdominal pain or abdominal imaging results characteristic of pancreatitis.RESUlTS A total of 808 patients[male,n=420(52%);median age(IQR):65(51-75)years]were diagnosed with≥3×UlN serum lipase levels.A total of 392 patients had AP,whereas 401 had NPHl with more than 20 different etiologies.Sepsis and acute kidney injury(AKI)were the most prevalent etiologies of NPHl(27.7%and 33.2%,respectively).The best discriminative cut-off value for lipase was≥666 U/l(sensitivity,71.4%;specificity,88.8%).The presence of AKI or sepsis negatively affected the diagnostic performance of lipase.NPHl was associated with a higher in-hospital mortalit

关键词： Non-pancreatic hyperlipasemia Acute pancreatitis Glycoprotein 2 Acute kidney injury Sepsis Mortality

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A systematic review of salivary biomarkers in Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2613-2625页

作者： maria Ilenia De Bartolo Daniele Belvisi Romina Mancinelli Matteo Costanzo Claudia Caturano Giorgio leodori Alfredo Berardelli Giovanni Fabbrini Giorgio Vivacqua IRCCS Neuromed PozzilliItaly Department of Human Neurosciences Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly Department of Anatomical HistologicalForensic Medicine and Orthopedics SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly Department of Experimental Morphology and Microscopy-Integrated Research Center(PRAAB)-Campus Biomedico University of Rome RomeItaly

The search fo r reliable and easily accessible biomarkers in Parkinson's disease is receiving a growing emphasis,to detect neurodegeneration from the prodromal phase and to enforce disease-modifying therapies.Despite the need for non-invasively accessible biomarke rs,the majo rity of the studies have pointed to cerebrospinal fluid or peripheral biopsies biomarkers,which require invasive collection procedures.Saliva represents an easily accessible biofluid and an incredibly wide source of molecular biomarkers.In the present study,after presenting the morphological and biological bases for looking at saliva in the search of biomarkers for Parkinson's disease,we systematically reviewed the results achieved so far in the saliva of different cohorts of Parkinson's disease patients.A comprehensive literature search on PubMed and SCOPUS led to the discovery of 289articles.After screening and exclusion,34 relevant articles were derived fo r systematic review.Alpha-synuclein,the histopathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease,has been the most investigated Parkinson's disease biomarker in saliva,with oligomeric alphasynuclein consistently found increased in Parkinson's disease patients in comparison to healthy controls,while conflicting results have been reported regarding the levels of total alpha-synuclein and phosphorylated alpha-synuclein,and few studies described an increased oligomeric alpha-synuclein/total alpha-synuclein ratio in Parkinson's disease.Beyond alpha-synuclein,other biomarkers to rgeting diffe rent molecular pathways have been explored in the saliva of Parkinson's disease patients:total tau,phosphorylated tau,amyloid-β1-42(pathological protein aggregation biomarkers);DJ-1,heme-oxygenase-l,metabolites(alte red energy homeostasis biomarkers);MAPlC-3beta(aberrant proteostasis biomarker);cortisol,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(inflammation biomarkers);DNA methylation,miRNA(DNA/RNA defects biomarkers);acetylcholinesterase activity(synaptic and neuronal network dysfunction biomarkers);Raman spectra,proteome,a

关键词： alpha-synuclein amyloid-beta autophagy DJ-1 neurodegeneration neuroinflammation Parkinson's disease salivary biomarkers tau

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Ion-conducting Membranes Based on Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers Modified by Poly(sodium acrylate-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid)

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第3期42卷 333-343,I0007页

作者： Elizaveta V.Batishcheva Nikolay N.Smirnov Natalya V.Bobrova maria P.Sokolova Michael A.Smirnov Institute of Macromolecular Compounds Russian Academy of SciencesBolshoy pr.31Saint Petersburg 199004Russia

Green method for preparation of ion-conducting membranes(ICM) based on bacterial cellulose nanofibers(CNF) modified by a copolymer of sodium acrylate and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid was elaborated. FTIR and NMR data confirmed grafting of polyacrylate onto cellulose surface. Formation of porous structure of the ICM was controlled by SEM and AFM. The maximal ionic conductivity of the membranes reaches 1.5 and 3.1 mS·cm^(-1)(60 ℃ and 98% relative humidity) when they are saturated with water or H_2SO_4(1 mol·l^(-1)) electrolyte,respectively. Prepared ICM was tested as a separator in a symmetrical supercapacitor with electrodes based on polyaniline hydrogel. The assembled cell demonstrate ability to operate at high current density up to 100 A·g^(-1) maintaining specific capacitance 165 F·g^(-1). Maximal specific capacitance of 289 F·g^(-1) was achieved at current density 1 A·g^(-1). Retaining of 90% of initial capacitance after 10000 of charge-discharge cycles proves high electrochemical stability of prepared ICM.

关键词： Bacterial cellulose Ion conductivity Porous membrane Supercapacitor

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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi maria de Fatima Andrade maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill l.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen lehmann Giuliano Maselli locosselli Shelagh K.Malham lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate change.Yet,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air temperatures.Despite many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are unclear.This systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their benefits.After screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main divisions.Certain GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling capabilities.However,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)attention.The most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the future.Given the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future GBGI.This global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,filling research gaps,and promoting community resi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

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Male genitourinary schistosomiasis-related symptoms among long-term Western African migrants in Spain: a prospective population-based screening study

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-10页

作者： Roure Sílvia Vallès Xavier Pérez-Quílez Olga lópez-Mu?oz Israel Chamorro Anna Abad Elena Valerio lluís Soldevila laura Espa?a Sergio Hegazy Alaa H. A. Fernández-Rivas Gema Gorriz Ester Herena Dolores Oliveira Mário Miralles maria Carme Conde Carmen Montero-Alia Juan José Fernández-Pedregal Elia Miranda-Sánchez Jose llibre Josep M. Isnard Mar Bonet Josep maria Estrada Oriol Prat Núria Clotet Bonaventura The Schisto-Stop study group Primary Health Care Unit Mataró-(Rocafonda-Palau) Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health Camí Ral el Ravalet Mataró Barcelona Spain Barcelona North Metropolitan Primary Care Directorate Catalan Institute for Health Ctra. de Barcelona Sabadell Barcelona Spain Directorate for Innovation and Interdisciplinary Cooperation Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Can Ruti S/N Badalona Spain IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Infectious Diseases Directorate Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Can Ruti S/N Badalona Spain International Health Program (PROSICS) Barcelona North Metropolitan Territorial Directorate for Infectious Diseases Catalan Institute for Health CAP La Salut Passatge dels Encants S/N Badalona Spain Fundació lluita contra les Infeccions c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Infectious Diseases Department Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Microbiology Department Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Department of Genetics and Microbiology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Faculty of Medicine University of Asyut El Fateh Assiut Governorate Egypt Department of Urology Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Canovelles Primary Health Care Unit Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Indústria Canovelles Spain

Background Schistosomiasis is highly endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and frequently imported to Europe. Male urogenital manifestations are often neglected. We aimed to ascertain the prevalence of genitourinary clinical signs and symptoms among long-term African migrants in a non-endemic European country using a serology test.Methods We carried out a prospective, community-based cross-sectional study of adult male migrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in Spain.Schistosoma serology tests and microscopic urine examinations were carried out, and clinical data were obtained from an electronic medical record search and a structured questionnaire.Results We included 388 adult males, mean age 43.5 years [Standard Deviation (SD) = 12.0, range: 18–76]. The median time since migration to the European Union was 17 [Interquartile range (IQR): 11–21] years. The most frequent country of origin was Senegal (N = 179, 46.1%). Of the 338, 147 (37.6%) tested positive forSchistosoma. Parasite eggs were present in the urine of only 1.3%. Nine genitourinary clinical items were significantly associated with positiveSchistosoma serology results: pelvic pain (45.2%;OR = 1.57, 95%CI: 1.0–2.4), pain on ejaculation (14.5%;OR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.0–3.5), dyspareunia (12.4%;OR = 2.45, 95%CI: 1.2–5.2), erectile dysfunction (9.5%;OR = 3.10, 95%CI: 1.3–7.6), self-reported episodes of infertility (32.1%;OR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.0–2.8), haematuria (55.2%;OR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.5–3.6), dysuria (52.1%;OR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.3–3.1), undiagnosed syndromic STIs (5.4%), and orchitis (20.7%;OR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.0–3.1). Clinical signs tended to cluster.Conclusions Urogenital clinical signs and symptoms are prevalent among male African long-term migrants with a positiveSchistosoma serology results. Genital involvement can be frequent even among those with long periods of non-residence in their sub-Saharan African countries of origin. Further research is needed to develop diagnostic tools and validate therapeutic approaches to chronic schistosomiasis.

关键词： Schistosomiasis Chronic schistosomiasis Urogenital schistosomiasis Male genital schistosomiasis longterm migrant

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On the Range of Action of Adult Culex pipiens s.l.

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 113-121页

作者： maria da Conceição Proença maria Teresa Rebelo Department of Physics and MARE-Ulisboa Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Department of Animal Biology and CESAM_Ciências Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal

Mosquitoes are an interesting topic due to their medical importance, as they play an active role in the transmission of many pathogens and parasites, acting as vectors for various pathologies that are deadly to humans, such as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, West Nile virus, encephalitis and malaria, among many others that are less common. In terms of morbidity and mortality caused by vector-borne diseases, mosquitoes are the most dangerous animals for humanity and, although they also play a role in the ecosystem as a food source for other organisms, their importance for public health cannot be overlooked. As highly efficient vectors, they put more than three billion people at risk, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions as well as in Europe, since heat waves and flooding are becoming more frequent and severe, and summers are getting longer and warmer, accelerating mosquito development, biting rates, and the incubation of the pathogens within their bodies. Female mosquitoes bite to acquire proteins for the development of their ovaries and eggs and, in the process, acquire pathogens and/or parasites from one vertebrate host and transmit them to another, usually after a short period of replication. Three of their four life stages are lived in still freshwater, so it is crucial to understand their range of action when they reach adulthood and leave the water, in order to plan and implement local prevention measures. A set of georeferenced abundance data collected in mainland Portugal over seven years was linked to cartographed water bodies in a geographic information system to estimate the distances at which Culex pipiens s.l. had a significant presence, with criteria based on the size of the catches. The result allows for an estimate of the fly range of those mosquitoes, which can be used to focus countermeasures.

关键词： Mosquito Fly Distance Vector-Borne Diseases Culex pipiens s.l. Geographic Information Systems

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