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Overview of current detection methods and microRNA potential in Clostridioides difficile infection screening

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第22期29卷 3385-3399页

作者： Marco Bocchetti maria grazia Ferraro Federica Melisi Piera Grisolia marianna Scrima Alessia maria Cossu Tung On Yau Department of Precision Medicine University of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples 80138Italy Department of Molecular Oncology Precision Medicine Laboratory and COVID19 LaboratoryBiogem ScarlAriano Irpino 83031Italy School of Infection and Immunity College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUnited Kingdom Department of Pharmacy School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples“Federico Ⅱ”Naples 80131Italy School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent UniversityNottingham NG118NSUnited Kingdom Department of Rural Land Use Scotland’s Rural CollegeAberdeen AB219YAScotlandUnited Kingdom Department of Health Science University of the PeoplePasadenaCA 9110112United States

Clostridioides difficile(formerly called Clostridium difficile,***)infection(CDI)is listed as an urgent threat on the 2019 antibiotic resistance threats report in the United States by the Centers for Disease Control and *** detection and appropriate disease management appear to be ***,although the majority of cases are hospital-acquired CDI,community-acquired CDI cases are also on the rise,and this vulnerability is not limited to immunocompromised *** treatments and/or gastrointestinal tract surgeries may be required for patients diagnosed with digestive *** treatments could suppress or interfere with the patient’s immune system and disrupt gut flora homeostasis,creating a suitable microecosystem for *** ***,stool-based non-invasive screening is the first-line approach to CDI diagnosis,but the accuracy is varied due to different clinical microbiology detection methods;therefore,improving reliability is clearly *** this review,we briefly summarised the life cycle and toxicity of ***,and we examined existing diagnostic approaches with an emphasis on novel biomarkers such as *** biomarkers can be easily detected through noninvasive liquid biopsy and can yield crucial information about ongoing pathological phenomena,particularly in CDI.

关键词： Clostridioides difficile microRNA Diagnostic Prognostic Biomarker

Biobased Vanillic Acid and Ricinoleic Acid: Building Blocks for Fully Renewable Copolyesters

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2018年第1期6卷 126-135页

作者： Claudio Gioia maria Barbara Banella grazia Totaro Micaela Vannini Paola Marchese Martino Colonna Laura Sisti Annamaria Celli University of Bologna Department of CivilChemicalEnvironmental and Materials EngineeringVia Terracini 28Bologna40131Italy

New fully biobased polyether/esters have been synthesized by a one-pot polymerization reaction of ricinoleic acid(RA),vanillic acid(VA)and ethylene carbonate(EC).In particular,EC selectively reacts with the phenolic group of VA to obtain in-situ 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxybenzoate(EV),suitable for subsequent copolymerization with *** procedure was carried out in a single step,without any *** structure and thermal properties of the new materials were studied in order to explore relationships between composition and final *** combination of EV,bearing a rigid aromatic structure,with RA,characterized by high flexibility and potential biocidal activity,allows the production of a novel class of fully biobased aliphatic-aromatic polymers presenting tuneable thermal properties and suitable for a range of applications,for example,in active packaging and biomedical fields.

关键词： Biobased building blocks vanillic acid ricinoleic acid copolyesters

Estrogens and the pathophysiology of the biliary tree

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第22期12卷 3537-3545页

作者： Domenico Alvaro maria grazia Mancino Paolo Onori Antonio Franchitto Gianfranco Alpini Heather Francis Shannon Glaset Eugenio Gaudio Division of Gastroenterology University of Rome "La Sapienza"RomeItaly University of Rome "La Sapienza"Polo PontinoLatinaItaly Division of Gastroenterology University of Rome "La Sapienza"RomeItaly Department of Experimental Medicine Section of Human and Clinical Anatomy State University of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly Department of Anatomy University of Rome "La Sapienza" RomeItaly Department of Medicine The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine Scott & White HospitalTempleTX 76504United States ResearchCentral Texas Veterans Health Care SystemScott & White HospitalTempleTX 76504United States Systems Biology and Translational MedicineThe Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of MedicineTX 76504United States Division of R&E Scott & White Hospital TempleTX 76504United States Eugenio Gaudio Department of Anatomy University of Rome "La Sapienza"RomeItaly

The scientific framework concerning estrogen effects on different tissues has expanded enormously during the last decades, when estrogen receptor （ER） subtypes were identified. Estrogens are not only essential for the female reproductive system, but they also control fundamental functions in other tissues including the cardiovascular system, bone, brain and liver. Recently, estrogens have been shown to target the biliary tree, where they modulate the proliferative and secretory activities of cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining bile ducts. By acting on both estrogen receptors （ER-α） and （ER-β） subtypes, and by activating either genomic or non-genomic pathways, estrogens play a key role in the complex loop of growth factors and cytokines, which modulates the proliferative response of cholangiocytes to damage. Specifically, estrogens activate intracellular signalling cascades JERK1/2 （extracellular regulated　kinases 1/2, PI3-kinase/AKT （phosphatidylinositol-3＇ kinase/AKT）] typical of growth factors such as insulin like growth factor （IGF1）, nerve growth factor （NGF） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, thus potentiating their action. In addition, estrogens stimulate the secretion of different growth factors in proliferating cholangiocytes. This review specifically deals with the recent advances related to the role and mechanisms by which estrogens modulate cholangiocyte functions in normal and pathological conditions.

关键词： Estrogens Cholangiocytes IGF1 Proliferation APDKD PBC Cholangiocarcinoma SERMs

Antiviral therapy for hepatitis C: Has anything changed for pregnant/lactating women?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第12期8卷 557-565页

作者： Anna maria Spera Tarek Kamal Eldin grazia Tosone Raffaele Orlando Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery Section of Infectious Diseases University of Naples Federico II

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) affects about 3% of the world'spopulation, with the highest prevalence in individuals under 40. The prevalence in pregnant women varies with geographical distribution(highest in developing countries). Prevalence also increases in sub-populations of women at high risk for blood-transmitted infections. HCV infection in pregnancy represents a non-negligible problem. However, most of the past antiviral regimens cannot be routinely offered to pregnant or breastfeeding women because of their side effects. We briefly reviewed the issue of treatment of HCV infection in pregnant/breastfeeding women focusing on the effects of the new direct-acting antivirals on fertility, pregnancy and lactation in animal studies and on the potential risk for humans based on the pharmacokinetic properties of each drug. Currently, all new therapy regimens are contraindicated in this setting because of lack of sufficient safety information and adequate measures of contraception are still routinely recommended for female patients of childbearing potential.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus infection Breastfeeding woman Antiviral therapy Pregnancy category Directacting antivirals

Efficacy, risk factors and complications of endoscopic polypectomy: Ten year experience at a single center

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第15期14卷 2364-2369页

作者： Pierluigi Consolo Carmelo Luigiano Giuseppe Strangio maria grazia Scaffidi Giuseppa Giacobbe Giovanna Di Giuseppe Agata Zirilli Luigi Familiari Department of Medicine and Pharmacology University Hospital "G. Martino" Via Consolare Valeria Messina 98100 Italy Department of Statistics University of Messina Messina 98100 Italy

AIM: To examine the efficacy and complications of colonoscopic resection of colorectal polypoid lesions. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 1354 polypectomies performed on 1038 patients over a ten- year period. One hundred and sixty of these were performed for large polyps, those measuring ≥ 20 mm. Size, shape, location, histology, the technique of polypectomy used, complications, drugs assumption and associated intestinal or extra intestinal diseases were analyzed. For statistical analysis, the Pearson χ2 test, NPC test and a Binary Logistic Regression were used. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 65.9 ± 12.4 years, with 671 men and 367 women. The mean size of polyps removed was 9.45 ± 9.56 mm while the size of large polyps was 31.5 ± 10.8 mm. There were 388 pedunculated and 966 sessile polyps and the most common location was the sigmoid colon (41.3%). The most frequent histology was tubular adenoma (55.9%) while for the large polyps was villous (92/160 -57.5%). Coexistent malignancy was observed in 28 polyps (2.1%) and of these, 20 were large polyps. There were 17 procedural bleeding (1.3%) and one perforation. The statistical analysis showed that cancer is correlated to polyp size (P < 0.0001); sessile shape (P < 0.0001) and bleeding are correlated to cardiac disease (P = 0.034), tubular adenoma (P = 0.016) and polyp ***: The endoscopic resection is a simple and safe procedure for removing colon rectal neoplastic lesions and should be considered the treatment of choice for large colorectal polyps. The polyp size is an important risk factor for malignancy and for bleeding.

关键词： Colonoscopy Polypectomy Large polyps Colorectal neoplastic lesions Endoscopic resection

What is a reliable CT scan for diagnosing splenosis under emergency conditions?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第29期15卷 3684-3686页

作者： Francesco Giuseppe Garaci Michele Grande Massimo Villa Stefano Mancino Daniel Konda Giovanni Simonetti grazia maria Attinà Gabriele Galatà Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology University Hospital of Tor Vergata viale Oxford 81 00133 Rome Italy Department of Surgery University Hospital of Tor Vergata viale Oxford 81 00133 Rome Italy

Splenosis is a condition in which splenic tissue is present in a non-anatomical position. Implants of splenic tissue can mimic neoplasms and only specific examinations can confirm the correct diagnosis. Here we report a case of a 23-year-old male patient with a history of surgical splenectomy during childhood after trauma. He was admitted to the emergency department with acute bowel obstruction. An abdominalpelvic computed tomography (CT) scan revealed small bowel obstruction and the presence of two rounded, solid masses located in the rectal-vescical pouch. Quantitative analyses of the different density values in the arterial phase and early portal venous phase demonstrated that these lesions were highly vascularised (92 and 97 Hounsfield Units, respectively). The hypothesis of an ectopic splenic mass was made after evaluation of the CT images and clinical history. The acute bowel obstruction caused by adhesive intestinal syndrome was resolved by surgical adhesiolysis. The smallest mass adherent to the rectum was removed. Histopathologic examination confirmed the benign nature of the lesion, which consisted of splenic tissue.

关键词： Splenosis Ectopic splenic tissue Computedtomography scan Splenectomy Emergency

Mineralized collagen-modified PMMA cement enhances bone integration and reduces fibrous encapsulation in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disease

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2020年第2期7卷 181-193页

作者： Long Yang Jianjun Kong Zhiye Qiu Tieliang Shang Siyu Chen Rui Zhao maria grazia Raucci Xiao Yang Zhanyong Wu National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China Department of Orthopaedics Orthopaedic Hospital of XingtaiXingtai 054000China Department of Orthopedic Laboratory Xingtai Institute of OrthopaedicsXingtai 054000China Beijing Allgens Medical Science and Technology Co. LtdBeijing 102609China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Polymers Composites and BiomaterialsNational Research Council of ItalyNaples 80125Italy

As a minimally invasive surgery,percutaneous cement discoplasty(PCD)is now contemplated to treat lumbar disc degeneration disease in elder ***,we investigated whether the osteogenic mineralized collagen(MC)modified polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)cement could be a suitable material in PCD ***,hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of the MC-modified PMMA(PMMA-MC)was *** introduction of MC did not change the application and setting time of PMMA and was easy to be handled in minimally invasive *** of PMMA-MC was greatly improved and its elastic modulus was tailored to complement mechanical performance of bone under dynamic ***,PCD surgery in a goat model with induced disc degeneration was performed with implantation of PMMA-MC or *** months after implantation,micro-computed tomography analysis revealed a 36.4%higher circumferential contact index between PMMA-MC and bone,as compared to PMMA *** staining confirmed that the surface of PMMA-MC was in direct contact with new bone,while the PMMA was covered by fibrous *** observed gathering of macrophages around the implant was suspected to be the cause of fibrous ***,the interactions of PMMA and PMMA-MC with macrophages were investigated in *** discovered that the addition of MC could hinder the proliferation and fusion of the ***,expressions of fibroblaststimulating growth factors,insulin-like growth factor,basic fibroblast growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-b were significantly down-regulated in the macrophages cocultured with ***,the promoted osteointegration and reduced fibrous tissue formation observed with PMMA-MC material makes it a promising candidate for PCD surgery.

关键词： mineralized collagen lumbar degenerative disc disease percutaneous cement discoplasty fibrous encapsulation

The effect of humidity on the CO_2/N_2 separation performance of copolymers based on hard polyimide segments and soft polyether chains:Experimental and modeling

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Green Energy & Environment 2016年第3期1卷 201-210页

作者： Luca Olivieri Alberto Tena maria grazia De Angelis Antonio Hernández Giménez Angel E.Lozano Giulio Cesare Sarti Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Chimica Ambientale e dei Materiali Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna SMAP UA UVA-CSIC Universidad de Valladolid Facultad de Ciencias Real de Burgos s/n Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Institute of Polymer Research Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros CSIC

In this work, we studied two copolymers formed by segments of a rubbery polyether（PPO or PEO） and of a glassy polyimide（BPDA-ODA or BKDA-ODA） suitable for gas separation and CO2 capture. Firstly, we assessed the absorption of water vapor in the materials, as a function of relative humidity（R.H.）, finding that the humidity uptake of the copolymers lies between that of the corresponding pure homopolymers ***, we studied the effect of humidity on CO2 and N2 permeability, as well as on CO2/N2 selectivity, up to R.H. of 75%. The permeability decreases with increasing humidity, while the ideal selectivity remains approximately constant in the entire range of water activity investigated. The humidity-induced decrease of permeability in the copolymers is much smaller than the one observed in polyimides such as Matrimid? confirming the positive effect of the polyether phase on the membrane ***, we modeled the humidity-induced decrease of gas solubility, diffusivity and, consequently, permeability, using a suitable approach that considers the free volume theory for diffusion and LF model for solubility. Such model allows estimating the extent of competition that the gases undergo with water during sorption in the membranes, as a function of the relative humidity, as well as the expected reduction of free volume by means of water molecules occupation and consequent reduction of diffusivity.

关键词： CO2 capture Humid gas permeation Transport properties in polymeric membranes Water vapor sorption Modeling

Primary carbohydrate metabolism genes participate in heat-stress memory at the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2021年第9期14卷 1508-1524页

作者： Justyna Jadwiga Olas Federico Apelt maria grazia Annunziata Sheeba John Sarah Isabel Richard Saurabh Gupta Friedrich Kragler Salma Balazadeh Bernd Mueller-Roeber University of Potsdam Institute of Biochemistry and BiologyKarl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25Haus 2014476 PotsdamGermany Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Muehlenberg 114476 PotsdamGermany Present address:Leiden University PO Box 95002300 RA Leidenthe Netherlands

In plants, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is essential for the growth of aboveground organs. However, little is known about its molecular responses to abiotic stresses. Here, we show that the SAM of Arabidopsis thaliana displays an autonomous heat-stress (HS) memory of a previous non-lethal HS, allowing the SAM to regain growth after exposure to an otherwise lethal HS several days later. Using RNA sequencing, we identified genes participating in establishing the SAM's HS transcriptional memory, including the stem cell (SC) regulators CLAVATA1 (CLV1) and CLV3, HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 17.6A (HSP17.6A), and the primary carbohydrate metabolism gene FRUCTOSE-BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE 6 (FBA6). We demonstrate that sugar availability is essential for survival of plants at high temperature. HEAT SHOCK TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR A2 (HSFA2A) directly regulates the expression of HSP17.6A and FBA6 by binding to the heat-shock elements in their promoters, indicating that HSFA2 is required for transcriptional activation of SAM memory genes. Collectively, these findings indicate that plants have evolved a sophisticated protection mechanism to maintain SCs and, hence, their capacity to re-initiate shoot growth after stress release.

关键词： aldolase carbon metabolism heat stress shoot apical meristem thermomemory thermopriming