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Prevotella-rich enterotype may benefit gut health in finishing pigs fed diet with a high amylose-to-amylopectin ratio

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 400-411页

作者： Wen Ren Honglin Yan Bing Yu maria c.walsh Jie Yu Ping Zheng Zhiqing Huang Junqiu Luo Xiangbing Mao Jun He Hui Yan Daiwen chen Yuheng Luo Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of china Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan ProvinceAnd Animal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China DSM(china)Animal Nutrition Research center co. LtdBazhou 065799China School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyangSichuan 621010China DSM Nutritional Products Kaiseraugst 4303Switzerland

To investigate the influence of baseline enterotypes and dietary starch type on the concentration of short-chain fatty acids(ScFA),numbers of butyrate producing bacteria and the expression of genes related to intestinal barrier and inflammatory response in the colon of finishing pigs,a 60-d in vivo trial was conducted.A 2-wk pre-trial with 102 crossbred(Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire])finishing barrows(90 d old)was conducted to screen ***,a total of 32 pigs(87.40±2.76 kg)with high(HPBR,>14)and low(LPBR,cteroides ratios(PBR)in equal measure were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates per group and 1 pig per *** trial was designed following a 2(PBR)×2(amylose-to-amylopectin ratio,AMR)factorial *** with different PBR were fed diets based on corn-soybean meal with high AMR(HAMR,1.24)or low AMR(LAMR,0.23),*** showed that neither PBR nor AMR influenced the growth performance of *** pigs fed HAMR diet had a higher number of colonic clostridium cluster XIVa and higher gene expression of butyrate kinase compared to the LPBR pigs(Pcreased colonic concentrations of total ScFA and propionate compared to the LPBR pigs(Pcomparing with other pigs,HPBR pigs fed HAMR diets showed a lower(Pcetylases(HDAc)gene and higher(Pcoupled receptor 43 gene(GPR 43)in the colonic *** interaction(Pcrease the gene expression of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-12,IL-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in colonic *** findings show that HAMR diet increased the abundance and activity of butyrate-producing bacteria and the concentration and absorption of ScFA,which may be associated with the decreased gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the colonic mucosa of pigs with Prevotella-rich *** these alterations are likely to have a pos

关键词： Enterotype Amylose-to-amylopectin ratio Gut health Finishing pig

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Targeted nanopore sequencing for the identification of novel PRMT1 circRNAs unveils a diverse transcriptional profile of this gene in breast cancer cells

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 589-592页

作者： maria Papatsirou Andreas Scorilas Diamantis c.Sideris christos K.Kontos Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology National and Kapodistrian University of AthensPanepistimiopolisAthens GR 15701Greece

Long-read sequencing with nanopore technology has been widely utilized for the identification of the full-length sequence of RNA molecules."It is especially suitable for the identification of circular RNAs(circRNAs),which are regulatory molecules that are regarded as promising non-invasive biomarkers for various human malignancies,including breast cancer.2 The impact of circRNAs derived from the protein arginine methyltransferase 1(PRMT1)gene has not been clarified yet,even though the effect of PRMT1-mediated methylation on breast cancer cell characteristics has been well established.

关键词： PRMT1 breast cancer

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Biodegradability of bioplastics in different aquatic environments:A systematic review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 169-181页

作者： maria cristina Lavagnolo Valentina Poli Anna maria Zampini Valentina Grossule Department of civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering-Laboratory of Environmental EngineeringUniversity of PadovaLungargine Rovetta 8Padova 35100Italy

Bioplastics were first introduced as environmentally friendly materials,with properties similar to those of conventional plastics.A bioplastic is defined as biodegradable if it can be decomposed into carbon dioxide under aerobic degradation,or methane and cO_(2)under anaerobic conditions,inorganic compounds,and new cellular biomass,by the action of naturally occurring *** definition however does not provide any information on the environmental conditions,timescale and extent at which decomposition processes should *** regard to the aquatic environment,recognized standards have been established to assess the ability of plastics to undergo biodegradation;however,these standards fail to provide clear targets to be met to allow labelling of a bioplastic as ***,these standards grant the user an extensive leeway in the choice of process *** these reasons,the comparison of results deriving from different studies is *** authors analysed and discussed the degree of biodegradability of a series of biodegradable bioplastics in aquatic environments(both fresh and salt water)using the results obtained in the laboratory and from on-site testing in the context of different research *** Oxygen Demand(BOD),cO_(2)evolution,surface erosion and weight loss were the main parameters used by researchers to describe the percentage of *** results showed a large variability both in weight loss and BOD,even when evaluating the same type of *** confirms the need for a reference range of values to be established with regard to parameters applied in defining the biodegradability of bioplastics.

关键词： Biodegradation Bioplastic Plastic Natural environment Plastic waste

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The Triple combination of Meropenem,Avibactam,and a Metallo-b-Lactamase Inhibitor Optimizes Antibacterial coverage Against Different b-Lactamase Producers

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 124-132页

作者： Zhuoren Ling Alistair James Macdonald Farley Aditya Lankapalli Yanfang Zhang Shonnette Premchand-Branker Kate cook Andrei Baran charlotte Gray-Hammerton claudia Orbegozo Rubio Edgars Suna Jordan Mathias Jürgen Brem Kirsty Sands maria Nieto-Rosado maria Mykolaivna Trush Nadira Naznin Rakhi Willames Martins Yuqing Zhou christopher Joseph Schofield Timothy walsh Department of Biology&Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research University of OxfordOxford OX13REUK chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxford OX13TAUK Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Riga LV-1006Latvia Department of Medical Microbiology Division of Infection and ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiff CF144XNUK Enzymology and Applied Biocatalysis Research center Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBabes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-Napoca 400028Romania

This work explores the potential of a triple combination of meropenem(MEM),a novel metallo-blactamase(MBL)inhibitor(indole-2-carboxylate 58(Inc58)),and a serine-b-lactamase(SBL)inhibitor(avibactam(AVI))for broad-spectrum activity against carbapenemase-producing bacteria.A diverse panel comprising MBL-and SBL-producing strains was used for susceptibility testing of the triple combination using the agar dilution *** frequency of resistance(FoR)to MEM combined with Inc58 was *** were sequenced and tested for cross resistance,fitness,and the stability of the resistance *** with the double combinations of MEM plus an SBL or MBL inhibitor,the triple combination extended the spectrum of activity to most of the isolates bearing SBLs(oxacillinase-48(OXA-48)and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2(KPc-2))and MBLs(New Delhi metallo-blactamases(NDMs)),although it was not effective against Verona integron-encoded metallo-blactamase(VIM)-carrying Pseudomonas aeruginosa(***)and OXA-23-carrying Acinetobacter baumannii(***).The FoR to MEM plus Inc58 ranged from 2.22×10^(-7)to 1.13×10^(-6).The resistance correlated with mutations to ompc and comR,affecting porin c and copper permeability,*** mutants manifested a fitness cost,a decreased level of resistance during passage without antibiotic pressure,and cross resistance to another carbapenem(imipenem)and a b-lactamase inhibitor(taniborbactam).In conclusion,compared with the dual combinations,the triple combination of MEM with Inc58 and AVI showed a much wider spectrum of activity against different carbapenemaseproducing bacteria,revealing a new strategy to combat b-lactamase-mediated antimicrobial resistance.

关键词： carbapenemase Metallo/serine-b-lactamase inhibitor Avibactam Meropenem Antimicrobial resistance

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carbon sequestration in a bamboo plantation:a case study in a Mediterranean area

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 231-238页

作者： Tommaso chiti Emanuele Blasi maria Vincenza chiriaco Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-Food and Forest Systems(DIBAF)University of TusciaVia San C.De Lellis snc01100 ViterboItaly Foundation Euro-Mediterranean center on climate change(cMcc) Division on Climate Change Impacts on AgricultureForests and Ecosystem Services(IAFES)Via Garbini5101100 ViterboItaly

In the Mediterranean region,despite bamboo being an alien species that can seriously alter plant and ani-mal biocoenosis,the area occupied by bamboo plantations continues to increase,especially for the purpose to seques-ter carbon(c).However,the c dynamics in the soil-plant system when bamboo is grown outside its native area are poorly *** we investigated the c mitigation potential of the fast-growing Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)introduced in Italy for climate-change *** analyzed aboveground(AGB)and belowground(as root/shoot ratio)biomass,litter and soil organic c(SOc)at O-15-and 15-30-cm depths in a 4-year-old bamboo plantation in comparison with the former annual cropland on which the bamboo was *** have an idea of the maximum c stored at an ecosystem level,a natural forest adjacent the two sites was also *** the plantation,c accumulation as AGB was stimulated,with 14.8±3.1 Mg c ha^(-1) stored in 3 years;because thinning was done to remove culms from the first year,the mean sequestration rate was 4.9 Mg c ha^(-1) a^(-1).The sequestration rates were high but comparable to other fast-growing tree species in Italy(e.g.,Pinus nigra).SOc was significantly higher in the bamboo plantation than in the cropland only at the 0-15 cm depth,but SOc stock did not *** 4 years were not enough time for a clear increase in SOc,or the high nutrient uptake by bamboos might have depleted the soil nutrients,thus inhibiting the soil organic matter formation by *** comparison,the natural forest had significantly higher c levels in all the *** c dynamics at an ecosystem level,the bamboo plantation on the former annual cropland led to substantial c removal from the atmosphere(about 12 Mg c ha^(-1) a^(-1)).However,despite the promising c sequestration rates by bamboo,its introduction should be carefully considered due to potential ecological problems caused by this species in overexploited environments such as the Med

关键词： carbon sequestration climate change mitigation Mediterranean area Moso bamboo Soil organic carbon

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Has the open surgical approach in colorectal cancer really become uncommon?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1485-1492页

作者： maria cariati Giuseppe Brisinda maria Michela chiarello Department of Surgery Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di CrotoneCrotone 88900Italy Abdominal and Endocrine Metabolic Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Department of Surgery Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di CosenzaCosenza 87100Italy

colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the *** is man-datory to treat patients with colorectal *** colorectal cancer be treated in laparoscopy?Scientific literature has validated the oncological quality of laparo-scopic approach for the treatment of patients with colorectal *** non-inferiority trials with good remote control have answered positively to this long-debated *** as 1994,first publications demonstrated technical feasibility and compliance with oncological imperatives and,as far as short-term outcomes are concerned,there is no difference in terms of mortality and post-operative morbidity between open and minimally invasive surgical approaches,but only longer operating times at the beginning of the ***,from 2007 onwards,long-term results were published that demonstrated the ab-sence of a significant difference regarding overall survival,disease-free survival,quality of life,local and distant recurrence rates between open and minimally in-vasive *** this editorial,we aim to summarize the clinical and technical aspects which,even today,make the use of open surgery relevant and necessary in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer.

关键词： colorectal cancer Laparoscopy Laparoscopic colorectal resection Bowel obstruction Bowel perforation Advanced colorectal cancer

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History of chronic gastritis:How our perceptions have changed

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第13期30卷 1851-1858页

作者： Dmitry Bordin maria Livzan Department of Pancreatic Biliary and Upper GI Tract DiseasesA.S.Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific CenterMoscow 111123Russia Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology Russian University of MedicineMoscow 127006Russia Department of Outpatient Therapy and Family Medicine Tver State Medical UniversityTver 170100Russia Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Omsk State Medical UniversityOmsk 644099Russia

currently,the diagnostic strategy for chronic gastritis(cG)is aimed not just at fixing the presence of gastric mucosal inflammation,but also at gastric cancer(Gc)risk stratification in a particular *** classification approach with the definition of the stage of gastritis determines the need,activities and frequency of dynamic monitoring of a ***,this attitude to the patient suffering from cG was far from *** present publication is a literature review describing the key milestones in the history of cG research,from the description of the first observations of inflammation of the gastric mucosa,assessment of gastritis as a predominantly functional disease,to the advent of endoscopy of the upper digestive tract and diagnostic gastric biopsy,assessment of the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in progression of inflammatory changes to atrophy,intestinal metaplasia,dysplasia and Gc.

关键词： chronic gastritis Intestinal metaplasia Dysplasia Gastric cancer Helicobacter pylori

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co-Optimization of Behind-the-Meter and Front-of-Meter Value Streams in community Batteries

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 334-345页

作者： carmen Bas Domenech Antonella maria De corato Pierluigi Mancarella University of Melbourne Parkville 2010VictoriaAustralia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of ManchesterManchesterU.K. IEEE

community batteries(cBs)are emerging to support and even enable energy communities and generally help consumers,especially space-constrained ones,to access potential techno-economic benefits from storage and support local grid ***,the economic viability of cB projects is often *** this regard,typical feasibility studies assess cB value for behind-the-meter(BTM)operation or whole-sale market participation,i.e.,front-of-meter(FOM).This work proposes a novel techno-economic operational framework that allows systematic assessment of the different options and introduces a two-meter architecture that co-optimizes both BTM and FOM benefits.A real cB project application in Australia is used to demonstrate the significant two-meter co-optimization opportunities that could enhance the business case of cB and energy communities by multi-service provision and value stacking.

关键词： Behind-the-meter community battery distributed energy resource(DER) energy community front-of-meter value stacking

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Tocotrienol isoforms:The molecular mechanisms underlying their effects in cancer therapy and their implementation in clinical trials

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 1-11页

作者： maria Younes Ghady Loubnane christopher Sleiman Sandra Rizk Department of Natural Sciences Lebanese American UniversityByblosLebanon

Tocotrienols are found in a variety of natural sources,like rice bran,annatto seeds and palm oil,and have been shown to have several health-promoting properties,particularly against chronic diseases such as *** incidence of cancer is rapidly increasing around the world,not only a result of continued aging and population growth,but also due to the adoption of aspects of the Western lifestyle,such as high-fat diets and low-physical *** literature provides strong evidence that tocotrienols are able to inhibit the growth of various cancers,including breast,lung,ovarian,prostate,liver,brain,colon,myeloma and pancreatic *** findings,along with the reported safety profile of tocotrienols in healthy human volunteers,encourage further research into these compounds’potential use in cancer prevention and *** current review provided detailed information about the molecular mechanisms of action of different tocotrienol isoforms in various cancer models and evaluated the potential therapeutic effects of different vitamin E analogues on important cancer hallmarks,such as cellular proliferation,apoptosis,angiogenesis and ***/PubMed and Scopus databases were used to identify recently published articles that investigated the anticancer effects of vitamin E derivatives in various types of cancer in vitro and in vivo along with clinical evidence of adjuvant chemopreventive *** an overview of pre-clinical studies,we describe several completed and ongoing clinical trials that are paving the way for the successful implementation of tocotrienols in cancer chemotherapy.

关键词： Vitamin E Tocotrienols cancer Molecular mechanism clinical trials

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Relating estimates of wood properties of birch to stem form, age and species

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 1-11页

作者： Grace Jones maria Ulan Mateusz Liziniewicz Johan Lindeberg Stergios Adamopoulos Teagasc Forestry Development Department Ashtown Research CentreDublin 15 D15DY05Ireland Research Institutes of Sweden(RISE) GoteborgSweden The Forest Research Institute of Sweden(Skogforsk) Ekebo 225026890SvalovSweden Department of Forestry and Wood Technology Linnaeus University35195VaxjoSweden Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 700875007 UppsalaSweden

Birch has long suffered from a lack of active forest management,leading many researchers to use mate-rial without a detailed management *** collected from three birch(Betula pendula Roth,*** Ehrh.)sites in southern Sweden were analyzed using regression analysis to detect any trends or differences in wood proper-ties that could be explained by stand history,tree age and stem *** sites were genetics trials established in the same *** of acoustic velocity(AV)from non-destructive testing(NDT)and predicted AV had a higher correlation if data was pooled across sites and other stem form factors were considered.A subsample of stems had radial profiles of X-ray wood density and ring width by year created,and wood density was related to ring number from the pith and ring *** seemed likely that wood density was negatively related to ring width for both birch *** models had slight improvements if site and species were included,but only the youngest site with trees at age 15 had both birch *** paper indicated that NDT values need to be considered separately,and any predictive models will likely be improved if they are specific to the site and birch species measured.

关键词： Acoustic velocity Non-destructive testing Predictive models Regression analysis Wood density

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