Mesenchymal stem cells are undifferentiated cells able to acquire different phenotypes under specific stimuli. In vitro manipulation of these cells is focused on understanding stem cell behavior, proliferation and plu...
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Mesenchymal stem cells are undifferentiated cells able to acquire different phenotypes under specific stimuli. In vitro manipulation of these cells is focused on understanding stem cell behavior, proliferation and pluripotency. Latest advances in the field of stem cells concern epigenetics and its role in maintaining self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. Chemical and physical stimuli can modulate cell commitment, acting on gene expression of Oct-4, Sox-2 and Nanog, the main stemness markers, and tissue-lineage specific genes. This activation or repression is related to the activity of chromatin-remodeling factors and epigenetic regulators, new targets of many cell therapies. The aim of this review is to afford a view of the current state of in vitro and in vivo stem cell applications, highlighting the strategies used to influence stem cell commitment for current and future cell therapies. Identifying the molecular mechanisms controlling stem cell fate could open up novel strategies for tissue repairing processes and other clinical applications.
Tissue engineering is rapidly progressing toward clinical *** the musculoskeletal field,there has been an increasing necessity for bone and cartilage *** the promising translational potential of tissue engineering app...
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Tissue engineering is rapidly progressing toward clinical *** the musculoskeletal field,there has been an increasing necessity for bone and cartilage *** the promising translational potential of tissue engineering approaches,careful attention should be given to the quality of developed constructs to increase the real applicability to *** a general introduction to musculoskeletal tissue engineering,this narrative review aims to offer an overview of methods,starting from classical techniques,such as gene expression analysis and histology,to less common methods,such as Raman spectroscopy,microcomputed tomography,and biosensors,that can be employed to assess the quality of constructs in terms of viability,morphology,or matrix deposition.A particular emphasis is given to standards and good practices(GXP),which can be applicable in different ***,a classification of the methods into destructive,noninvasive,or conservative based on the possible further development of a preimplant quality monitoring system is *** in musculoskeletal tissue engineering have not yet been used but have been proposed as a novel technology that can be exploited with numerous advantages,including minimal invasiveness,making them suitable for the development of preimplant quality control systems.
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