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Plant-available water capacity of soils at a regional scale:Analysis of fixed and dynamic field capacities

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 590-605页

作者： Vinod PHOGAT Paul RPETRIE Casandra COLLINS marcos BONADA South Australian Research and Development Institute GPO Box 397Adelaide SA 5001(Australia) School of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusPMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia) College of Science and Engineering Flinders UniversityBedford Park SA 5042(Australia) The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052(Australia) ARC Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production University of AdelaidePMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia)

Estimation of the plant-available water capacity(PAWC)of soils at a regional scale helps in adopting better land use planning,developing suitable irrigation schedules for crops,and optimizing the use of scarce water *** the current study,72 soil profiles were sampled from the Barossa region of South Australia to estimate pedo-transfer functions deduced from easily estimated soil *** functions were then used to estimate the fixed(10 and 33 kPa)and dynamic pressure head(h_(fc))water contents at field capacity(FC)for minimum drainage flux(0.01 and 0.001 cm d^(-1)),which serves as the upper boundary for plant-available water in *** estimated residual water content was corrected for subsoil constraints,especially the exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP).The results showed that the mean values of h_(fc)in sand-dominated light and medium textured soils(i.e.,sand,loamy sand,sandy loam,and loam)varied in a narrow range(15.8-18.2 kPa),whereas those in the clay-dominated heavy textured soils(i.e.,clay loam)showed a wide range(11.3-49.3 kPa).There were large differences in PAWC for dynamic FC(PAWC_(fc))and fixed FC at 10 kPa(PAWC10),33 kPa(PAWC33),and a mix of 10and 33 kPa(PAWC_(10,33))pressure heads depending on soil ***,the difference between PAWC at 10 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(10))was positive,whereas that between 33 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(33))was negative across all ***,the estimation of PAWC assuming a fixed FC at 10 and 33 kPa pressures(i.e.,PAWC_(10,33))for sandy,clay,and silty soils reduced the difference between fixed and dynamic pressure PAWCs to<10% across the *** estimation of PAWC was improved by incorporating the impact of subsoil constraints,such as high ESP,which was more pronounced for clay and silty *** findings demonstrate the inherent inconsistencies between static pressure and flux-based dynamic FC estimations in *** heterogeneity,intra-texture variability,subsoil constraints,and swell

关键词： crop lower limit drained upper limit pedo-transfer function soil hydraulic parameter soil texture

Advancements in autoimmune hepatitis management:Perspectives for future guidelines

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 135-139页

作者： marcos Mucenic Liver Transplantation Group Santa Casa de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-070RSBrazil

The first-line treatment for autoimmune hepatitis involves the use of prednisone or prednisolone either as monotherapy or in combination with azathioprine(AZA).Budesonide has shown promise in inducing a complete biochemical response(CBR)with fewer adverse effects and is considered an optional first-line treatment,particularly for patients without cirrhosis;however,it is worth noting that the design of that study favored budesonide.A recent real-life study revealed higher CBR rates with prednisone when equivalent initial doses were *** guidelines recommend mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)for patients who are intolerant to *** is important to mention that the evidence supporting this recommendation is weak,primarily consisting of case ***,MMF has demonstrated superiority to AZA in the context of renal *** comparative studies have shown higher CBR rates,lower therapeutic failure rates,and reduced intolerance in the MMF *** findings may influence future guidelines,potentially leading to a significant modification in the first-line treatment of autoimmune *** recently,the only alternative to corticosteroids was lifelong maintenance treatment with AZA,which comes with notable risks,such as skin cancer and *** trials are essential for a more comprehensive assessment of treatment suspension strategies,whether relying on histological criteria,strict biochemical criteria,or a combination of ***-center studies using chloroquine diphosphate have shown promising results in significantly reducing relapse rates compared to ***,these interesting findings have yet to be replicated by other research ***,second-line drugs,such as tacrolimus,rituximab,and infliximab,should be subjected to controlled trials for further evaluation.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Treatment Immunosuppression Relapse Remission induction

Severe aspiration pneumonia in the elderly

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第3期4卷 307-317页

作者： Sebastian Ocrospoma marcos I.Restrepo Division of Pulmonary Diseases&Critical Care Medicine University of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA Section of Pulmonary&Critical Care Medicine South Texas Veterans Health Care SystemSan AntonioTXUSA

The global population is aging at an unprecedented rate,resulting in a growing and vulnerable elderly population in need of efficient comprehensive healthcare services that include long-term care and skilled nursing *** this context,severe aspiration pneumonia,a condition that carries substantial morbidity,mortality,and financial burden,especially among elderly patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit,has attracted greater *** pneumonia is defined as a pulmonary infection related to aspiration or dysphagia in *** episodes of coughing on food or liquid intake,a history of relevant underlying conditions,abnormalities on videofluoroscopy or water swallowing,and gravity-dependent shadow distribution on chest imaging are among the clues that suggest *** with aspiration pneumonia tend to be elderly,frail,and suffering from more comorbidities than those without this ***,we comprehensively address the epidemiology,clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment,prevention,and prognosis of severe aspiration community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly to optimize care of this high-risk demographic,enhance outcomes,and minimize the healthcare costs associated with this *** preventive measures and effective management strategies is vital in ensuring the well-being of our aging population.

关键词： Aspiration pneumonia Aged Critical illness Swallowing disorders Frailty Antibacterial agents

ChatGPT and exercise prescription:Human *** or human plus machine?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 661-662页

作者： Timothy Gustavo Cavazzotto Diego Bessa Dantas marcos Roberto Queiroga Department of Physical Education Midwestern Parana State UniversityParana 85040-167Brazil Postgraduate Program in Physical Education UEM-UEL State University of LondrinaParana 86057-970Brazil

The power of artificial intelligence(AI)to create stories,music,art,and other creative projects has been demonstrated and criticized over recent decades in media,mainly because of the idea that AI will replace human *** recently,in November 2022,reactions to Chat Generative Pre-training Transformer(ChatGPT)release for public use reverberated in news and social media headlines,while its users exceeded100 million in just a few *** is a natural language processing program created by AI non-profit OpenAI Inc.

关键词： prescription replace Human

Efficient fidelity estimation: alternative derivation and related applications

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第9期76卷 18-22页

作者： Diego S Starke marcos L W Basso Jonas Maziero Physics Department Center for Natural and Exact Sciences Federal University of Santa Maria Center for Natural and Human Sciences Federal University of ABC Avenue of the States

In[***.A 107 012427 (2023)],Baldwin and Jones prove that Uhlmann–Jozsa’s fidelity between two quantum statesρandσ,i.e.,■,can be written in a simplified form as ■.In this article,we give an alternative proof of this result,using a function power series expansion and the properties of the trace *** approach not only reinforces the validity of the simplified expression but also facilitates the exploration of novel dissimilarity functions for quantum states and more complex trace functions of density operators.

关键词： Chebyshev polynomials efficient fidelity estimation Rényi entropy Ulhmann-Jozsa fidelity

Efficient slope reliability analysis under soil spatial variability using maximum entropy distribution with fractional moments

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 1140-1152页

作者： Chengxin Feng marcos A.Valdebenito Marcin Chwała Kang Liao Matteo Broggi Michael Beer Institute for Risk and Reliability Leibniz University HannoverCallinstr.34Hannover30167Germany Chair for Reliability Engineering TU Dortmund UniversityLeonhard-Euler-Str.5Dortmund44227Germany Faculty of Civil Engineering Wrocƚaw University of Science and TechnologyWrocƚawPoland Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China University of Liverpool Institute for Risk and UncertaintyPeach StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZFUnited Kingdom International Joint Research Center for Resilient Infrastructure & International Joint Research Center for Engineering Reliability and Stochastic Mechanics Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina

Spatial variability of soil properties imposes a challenge for practical analysis and design in geotechnical *** latter is particularly true for slope stability assessment,where the effects of uncertainty are synthesized in the so-called probability of *** probability quantifies the reliability of a slope and its numerical calculation is usually quite involved from a numerical *** view of this issue,this paper proposes an approach for failure probability assessment based on Latinized partially stratified sampling and maximum entropy distribution with fractional *** spatial variability of geotechnical properties is represented by means of random fields and the Karhunen-Loève ***,failure probabilities are estimated employing maximum entropy distribution with fractional *** application of the proposed approach is examined with two examples:a case study of an undrained slope and a case study of a slope with cross-correlated random fields of strength parameters under a drained *** results show that the proposed approach has excellent accuracy and high efficiency,and it can be applied straightforwardly to similar geotechnical engineering problems.

关键词： Slope Random field Reliability analysis Maximum entropy distribution Latinized partial stratified sampling

Global black soil distribution

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 271-281页

作者： Yuxin TONG marcos E.ANGELINI Yusuf YIGINI Isabel LUOTTO Global Soil Partnership Land and Water DivisionFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRome 00153Italy

Black soils, characterized by their thick, dark horizons enriched with organic matter, epitomize highly fertile soils. However, their fertility precipitates intense land use, engendering challenges such as soil erosion, nutrient depletion, pollution, compaction, salinization, and acidification. Notably, these soils are significant contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, primarily due to substantial losses in soil organic carbon. Despite these challenges, black soils are pivotal for global food production. This paper delineates the implementation of digital soil mapping for the global cartography of black soils and human interference on these soils. Predominantly distributed in Eastern Europe, Central and Eastern Asia, and North and South America, black soils cover an approximate area of 725 Mha, with the Russian Federation,Kazakhstan, and China collectively have over half of this area. Agriculturally,these soils underpin significant proportions of global crop yields, producing 66% of sunflower, 30% of wheat, and 26% of potato outputs. The organic carbon content in the upper 30 cm of these soils is estimated at 56 *** management of black soils is imperative for ensuring food security and addressing climate change on a global scale.

关键词： Black soils distribution map food security soil organic carbon

Low crude protein formulation with supplemental amino acids for its impacts on intestinal health and growth performance of growing-finishing pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1590-1606页

作者： marcos Elias Duarte Wanpuech Parnsen Shihai Zhang Marvio L.T.Abreu Sung Woo Kim Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

Background Low crude protein(CP)formulations with supplemental amino acids(AA)are used to enhance intestinal health,reduce costs,minimize environmental impact,and maintain growth performance of ***,extensive reduction of dietary CP can compromise growth performance due to limited synthesis of non-essential AA and limited availability of bioactive compounds from protein supplements even when AA requirements are ***,implementing a low CP formulation can increase the net energy(NE)content in feeds causing excessive fat *** supplementation of functional AA,coupled with low CP formulation could further enhance intestinal health and glucose metabolism,improving nitrogen utilization,and growth *** experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of low CP formulations with supplemental AA on the intestinal health and growth performance of growing-finishing *** In Exp.1,90 pigs(19.7±1.1 kg,45 barrows and 45 gilts)were assigned to 3 treatments:CON(18.0%CP,supplementing Lys,Met,and Thr),LCP(16.0%CP,supplementing Lys,Met,Thr,Trp,and Val),and LCPT(16.1%CP,LCP+0.05%SID Trp).In Exp.2,72 pigs(34.2±4.2 kg BW)were assigned to 3 treatments:CON(17.7%CP,meeting the requirements of Lys,Met,Thr,and Trp);LCP(15.0%CP,meeting Lys,Thr,Trp,Met,Val,Ile,and Phe);and VLCP(12.8%CP,meeting Lys,Thr,Trp,Met,Val,Ile,Phe,His,and Leu).In Exp.3,72 pigs(54.1±5.9 kg BW)were assigned to 3 treatments and fed experimental diets for 3 phases(grower 2,finishing 1,and finishing 2).Treatments were CON(18.0%,13.8%,12.7%CP for 3 phases;meeting Lys,Met,Thr,and Trp);LCP(13.5%,11.4%,10.4%CP for 3 phases;meeting Lys,Thr,Trp,Met,Val,Ile,and Phe);and LCPG(14.1%,12.8%,11.1%CP for 3 phases;LCP+Glu to match SID Glu with CON).All diets had 2.6 Mcal/kg *** In Exp.1,overall,the growth performance did not differ among *** LCPT increased(P<0.05)Claudin-1 expression in the duodenum and *** LCP and LCPT increased(P<0.05)CAT-1,4F2hc,and B0AT exp

关键词： Amino acids Growing-finishing pigs Growth performance Intestinal health Low crude protein formulation Net energy

SARS-CoV-2 infection in children requiring hospitalization: the experience of Navarra, Spain

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第6期16卷 614-622页

作者： Laura Moreno-Galarraga Maria Urretavizcaya-Martinez Josune Alegria Echauri marcos garcia Howard Eva Ruperez garcia Sergio Aguilera-Albesa Valentin Alzina de Aguilar Mercedes Herranz Aguirre Pediatric Pulmonology Department of PediatricsCHNComplejo Hospitalario de NavarraServicio Navarro de SaludC/Irunlarrea 331080 PamplonaSpain IdiSNA.Navarra Institute for Health Research PamplonaSpain Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.School of Medicine.University of Navarra Pamplona.wSpain Department of Pediatrics CHNComplejo Hospitalario de NavarraServicio Navarro de Salud.Pamplona.Spain Pediatric Cardiology Department of PediatricsCHN.Complejo Hospitalario de NavarraServicio Navarro de SaludPamplonaSpain Pediatric Neurology Department of PediatricsCHN.Complejo Hospitalario de NavarraServicio Navarro de SaludPamplonaSpain Department of Pediatrics CUN.Clfnica Universidad de NavarraPamplona.Spain Department of Pediatrics School of MedicineUniversity of NavarraPamplona.Spain

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 in children,or pediatric COVID-19,initially was described as an acute respiratory syndrome similar to the adult presentation but with less severe *** We describe the clinical characteristics,disease presentation,treatments and outcomes of all pediatric cases with COVID-19 admitted to the reference hospitals in Navarra,Spain during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak(February-May 2020).Results We found a low number of hospitalized cases in infants and children compared to adults with a hospitalization ratio of 1:*** of these hospitalized cases did not suffer from severe *** 80%of infections reported household contacts,and the mother was the known-contact in 83%of these cases.72%of hospitalized cases were previously healthy *** describe how symptoms in pediatric cases are nonspecific and how COVID-19 can be presented with a wide range and variety of *** symptoms are not always present,and severe neurological and cardiac features can occur in previously healthy *** Epidemiological description and case reports will be key to a better recognition and to adequate treatment of pediatric patients with COVID-19.

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019 Hospitalization Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2