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ZnO/CeO_(2)/carbon xerogel composites with direct Z-scheme heterojunctions:Enhancing photocatalytic remediation of 4-chlorophenol under visible light

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第2期42卷 314-322,I0003页

作者： Nicolas Perciani de Moraes Maite Birkett de Campos Sanmartin Robson da Silva Rocha Abner de Siervo marcos Roberto de Vasconcelos Lanza D.Amaranatha Reddy Lianqing Yu Liana Alvares Rodrigues Escola de Engenharia de Lorena-EEL/USP Estrada Municipal do Campinho S/NCEP 12602-810LorenaSao PauloBrazil Institute of Physics"Gleb Wataghin" Applied Physics DepartmentState University of Campinas13083-859CampinasSPBrazi Instituto de Quimica de Sao Carlos Universidade de Sao PauloAv.Trab.Sao Carlense400-Parque Arnold SchimidtSao CarlosSP13566-590Spain department of Sciences Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and ManufacturingKurnoolAndhra Pradesh518007India School of Materials Science and Engineering China University of PetroleumQingdao266580China

This paper aims to create visible light driven ternary photocatalysts using zinc oxide(ZnO),cerium(IV)oxide(CeO_(2)),and carbon xerogel(CX) as constituent *** use of CeO_(2) is based on the creation of direct-Z-scheme heterojunctions with the ZnO and the consequent diminishing of charge recombination,whereas the carbon xerogel inclusion is predicted to minimize bandgap energy,decrease electro n-hole reco mbination,and boost specific surface *** re,the choice of the black-wattle tannin as a carbonaceous precursor was targeted at the development of an environmentally friendly and affordable *** existence of the hexagonal phase of zinc oxide and cubic structure of the cerium(IV) oxide in the ternary material was confirmed by X-ray diffractometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,with the latter also suggesting chemical bonding between the ZnO and the CX due to the creation of zinc oxycarbide *** inclusion of the carbon xerogel provokes a significant modification in the morphology of the ternary material,resulting in an increased surface area and smaller particle *** CX/ZnO-CeO_(2) ternary composite obtains the highest photocatalytic efficiency among all the materials studied,degrading 100% of 4-chlorophenol under simulated sunlight and 68% under visible radiation,after 5 *** increased photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the formation of direct Z-scheme heterojunctions between the semiconductors,higher visible light response,and higher specific surface area,as evidenced by the results obtained by active radical scavenging,chronoamperometry,diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,and N_(2) adsorption-desorption isotherms.

关键词： Zinc oxide Cerium(Ⅳ)oxide Carbon xerogel Photocatalysis Direct Z-scheme heterojunction 4-Chlorophenol Rare earths

Analysing vaccine efficacy evaluated in phase 3 clinical trials carried out during outbreaks

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第4期9卷 1027-1044页

作者： Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho marcos Amaku Fernanda Castro Boulos Jose Alfredo de sousa Moreira Joao Italo DiasFranca Julio Antonio do Amaral Eliana Nogueira Castro de Barros Claudio Jose Struchiner Esper Jorge Kallas Eduardo Massad School of Medicine University of Sao PauloBrazil Instituto Butantan Sao PauloBrazil School of Applied Mathematics Fundacao Getulio VargasRio de JaneiroBrazil

In this paper we examine several definitions of vaccine efficacy(VE)that we found in the literature,for diseases that express themselves in outbreaks,that is,when the force of infection grows in time,reaches a maximum and then *** fact that the disease occurs in outbreaks results in several problems that we *** propose a mathematical model that allows the calculation of VE for several *** trials usually needs a large number of volunteers that must be ***,all volunteers should be enrolled in approximately the same time,but this is generally impossible for logistic reasons and they are enrolled in a fashion that can be replaced by a continuous density function(for example,a Gaussian function).The outbreak can also be replaced by a continuous density function,and the use of these density functions simplifies the ***,for example Gaussian functions,one of the problems one can immediately notice is that the peak of the two curves do not occur at the same *** model allows us to conclude:First,the calculated vaccine efficacy decreases when the force of infection increases;Second,the calculated vaccine efficacy decreases when the gap between the peak in the force of infection and the peak in the enrollment rate increases;Third,different trial protocols can be simulated with this model;different vaccine efficacy definitions can be calculated and in our simulations,all result are approximately the *** final,and perhaps most important conclusion of our model,is that vaccine efficacy calculated during outbreaks must be carefully examined and the best way we can suggest to overcome this problem is to stratify the enrolled volunteer's in a cohort-by-cohort basis and do the survival analysis for each cohort,or apply the Cox proportional hazards model for each cohort.

关键词： Vaccine efficacy Clinical trials Mathematical models Simulations Covid-19

Kinematics ofmandibular advancement devices(MADs):Why do some MADs move the lower jaw backward duringmouth opening?

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Bio-design and Manufacturing 2024年第5期7卷 637-650页

作者： Juan A.Cabrera Alex Bataller Sergio Postigo marcos García Mechanical Engineering department University of Malaga29071 MalagaSpain

Mandibular advancement devices(MADs)are widely used treatments for obstructive sleep *** function by advancing the lower jaw to open the upper *** increase patient comfort,most patients allow the mouth to be ***,not all systems maintain the lower jaw in a forward position during mouth opening,which results in the production of a retrusion that favors the collapse of the upper ***,the kinematic behavior of the mechanism formed by the mandible-device assembly depends on jaw *** means that,during mouth opening,some devices cause lower jaw protrusion in some patients,but cause its retraction in *** this study,we report the behavior of well-known devices currently on *** do so,we developed a kinematic model of the lower jawdevice *** validated for all devices analyzed using a high-resolution camera *** results show that some of the devices analyzed here did not produce the correct behavior during patient mouth opening.

关键词： Mandibular advancement devices Lower jaw kinematics Sleep apnea

Plant-available water capacity of soils at a regional scale:Analysis of fixed and dynamic field capacities

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 590-605页

作者： Vinod PHOGAT Paul RPETRIE Casandra COLLINS marcos BONADA South Australian Research and development Institute GPO Box 397Adelaide SA 5001(Australia) School of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusPMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia) College of Science and Engineering Flinders UniversityBedford Park SA 5042(Australia) The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052(Australia) ARC Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production University of AdelaidePMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia)

Estimation of the plant-available water capacity(PAWC)of soils at a regional scale helps in adopting better land use planning,developing suitable irrigation schedules for crops,and optimizing the use of scarce water *** the current study,72 soil profiles were sampled from the Barossa region of South Australia to estimate pedo-transfer functions deduced from easily estimated soil *** functions were then used to estimate the fixed(10 and 33 kPa)and dynamic pressure head(h_(fc))water contents at field capacity(FC)for minimum drainage flux(0.01 and 0.001 cm d^(-1)),which serves as the upper boundary for plant-available water in *** estimated residual water content was corrected for subsoil constraints,especially the exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP).The results showed that the mean values of h_(fc)in sand-dominated light and medium textured soils(i.e.,sand,loamy sand,sandy loam,and loam)varied in a narrow range(15.8-18.2 kPa),whereas those in the clay-dominated heavy textured soils(i.e.,clay loam)showed a wide range(11.3-49.3 kPa).There were large differences in PAWC for dynamic FC(PAWC_(fc))and fixed FC at 10 kPa(PAWC10),33 kPa(PAWC33),and a mix of 10and 33 kPa(PAWC_(10,33))pressure heads depending on soil ***,the difference between PAWC at 10 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(10))was positive,whereas that between 33 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(33))was negative across all ***,the estimation of PAWC assuming a fixed FC at 10 and 33 kPa pressures(i.e.,PAWC_(10,33))for sandy,clay,and silty soils reduced the difference between fixed and dynamic pressure PAWCs todemonstrate the inherent inconsistencies between static pressure and flux-based dynamic FC estimations in *** heterogeneity,intra-texture variability,subsoil constraints,and swell

关键词： crop lower limit drained upper limit pedo-transfer function soil hydraulic parameter soil texture

Advancements in autoimmune hepatitis management:Perspectives for future guidelines

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 135-139页

作者： marcos Mucenic Liver Transplantation Group Santa Casa de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-070RSBrazil

The first-line treatment for autoimmune hepatitis involves the use of prednisone or prednisolone either as monotherapy or in combination with azathioprine(AZA).Budesonide has shown promise in inducing a complete biochemical response(CBR)with fewer adverse effects and is considered an optional first-line treatment,particularly for patients without cirrhosis;however,it is worth noting that the design of that study favored budesonide.A recent real-life study revealed higher CBR rates with prednisone when equivalent initial doses were *** guidelines recommend mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)for patients who are intolerant to *** is important to mention that the evidence supporting this recommendation is weak,primarily consisting of case ***,MMF has demonstrated superiority to AZA in the context of renal *** comparative studies have shown higher CBR rates,lower therapeutic failure rates,and reduced intolerance in the MMF *** findings may influence future guidelines,potentially leading to a significant modification in the first-line treatment of autoimmune *** recently,the only alternative to corticosteroids was lifelong maintenance treatment with AZA,which comes with notable risks,such as skin cancer and *** trials are essential for a more comprehensive assessment of treatment suspension strategies,whether relying on histological criteria,strict biochemical criteria,or a combination of ***-center studies using chloroquine diphosphate have shown promising results in significantly reducing relapse rates compared to ***,these interesting findings have yet to be replicated by other research ***,second-line drugs,such as tacrolimus,rituximab,and infliximab,should be subjected to controlled trials for further evaluation.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Treatment Immunosuppression Relapse Remission induction

Efficient fidelity estimation:alternative derivation and related applications

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第9期76卷 16-20页

作者： Diego S Starke marcos L W Basso Jonas Maziero Physics department Center for Natural and Exact SciencesFederal University of Santa MariaRoraima Avenue 1000Santa MariaRS97105-900Brazil Center for Natural and Human Sciences Federal University of ABCAvenue of the StatesSanto AndréSão Paulo09210-580Brazil

In[***.A 107012427(2023)],Baldwin and Jones prove that Uhlmann–Jozsa’s fidelity between two quantum statesρandσ,i.e.,F(ρ,σ)=(Tr√√ρσ√ρ)^(2),can be written in a simplified form as F(ρ,σ)=(Tr√ρσ)^(2).In this article,we give an alternative proof of this result,using a function power series expansion and the properties of the trace *** approach not only reinforces the validity of the simplified expression but also facilitates the exploration of novel dissimilarity functions for quantum states and more complex trace functions of density operators.

关键词： Ulhmann–Jozsa fidelity Rényi entropy efficient fidelity estimation Chebyshev polynomials

Efficient slope reliability analysis under soil spatial variability using maximum entropy distribution with fractional moments

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 1140-1152页

作者： Chengxin Feng marcos A.Valdebenito Marcin Chwała Kang Liao Matteo Broggi Michael Beer Institute for Risk and Reliability Leibniz University HannoverCallinstr.34Hannover30167Germany Chair for Reliability Engineering TU Dortmund UniversityLeonhard-Euler-Str.5Dortmund44227Germany Faculty of Civil Engineering Wrocƚaw University of Science and TechnologyWrocƚawPoland Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China University of Liverpool Institute for Risk and UncertaintyPeach StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZFUnited Kingdom International Joint Research Center for Resilient Infrastructure & International Joint Research Center for Engineering Reliability and Stochastic Mechanics Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina

Spatial variability of soil properties imposes a challenge for practical analysis and design in geotechnical *** latter is particularly true for slope stability assessment,where the effects of uncertainty are synthesized in the so-called probability of *** probability quantifies the reliability of a slope and its numerical calculation is usually quite involved from a numerical *** view of this issue,this paper proposes an approach for failure probability assessment based on Latinized partially stratified sampling and maximum entropy distribution with fractional *** spatial variability of geotechnical properties is represented by means of random fields and the Karhunen-Loève ***,failure probabilities are estimated employing maximum entropy distribution with fractional *** application of the proposed approach is examined with two examples:a case study of an undrained slope and a case study of a slope with cross-correlated random fields of strength parameters under a drained *** results show that the proposed approach has excellent accuracy and high efficiency,and it can be applied straightforwardly to similar geotechnical engineering problems.

关键词： Slope Random field Reliability analysis Maximum entropy distribution Latinized partial stratified sampling

Global black soil distribution

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 271-281页

作者： Yuxin TONG marcos E.ANGELINI Yusuf YIGINI Isabel LUOTTO Global Soil Partnership Land and Water DivisionFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRome 00153Italy

Black soils, characterized by their thick, dark horizons enriched with organic matter, epitomize highly fertile soils. However, their fertility precipitates intense land use, engendering challenges such as soil erosion, nutrient depletion, pollution, compaction, salinization, and acidification. Notably, these soils are significant contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, primarily due to substantial losses in soil organic carbon. despite these challenges, black soils are pivotal for global food production. This paper delineates the implementation of digital soil mapping for the global cartography of black soils and human interference on these soils. Predominantly distributed in Eastern Europe, Central and Eastern Asia, and North and South America, black soils cover an approximate area of 725 Mha, with the Russian Federation,Kazakhstan, and China collectively have over half of this area. Agriculturally,these soils underpin significant proportions of global crop yields, producing 66% of sunflower, 30% of wheat, and 26% of potato outputs. The organic carbon content in the upper 30 cm of these soils is estimated at 56 *** management of black soils is imperative for ensuring food security and addressing climate change on a global scale.

关键词： Black soils distribution map food security soil organic carbon

A critical literature review of security and privacy in smart home healthcare schemes adopting IoT&blockchain:Problems,challenges and solutions

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2024年第2期5卷 13-61页

作者： Olusogo Popoola marcos Rodrigues Jims Marchang Alex Shenfield Augustine Ikpehai Jumoke Popoola department of Computing Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldS11WBUK department of Engineering and Math Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldS11WBUK

Protecting private data in smart homes,a popular Internet-of-Things(IoT)application,remains a significant data security and privacy challenge due to the large-scale development and distributed nature of IoT ***,smart healthcare has leveraged smart home systems,thereby compounding security concerns in terms of the confidentiality of sensitive and private data and by extension the privacy of the data ***,proof-of-authority(PoA)-based blockchain distributed ledger technology(DLT)has emerged as a promising solution for protecting private data from indiscriminate use and thereby preserving the privacy of individuals residing in IoT-enabled smart *** review elicits some concerns,issues,and problems that have hindered the adoption of blockchain and IoT(BCoT)in some domains and suggests requisite solutions using the aging-in-place *** issues with BCoT were examined as well as the combined challenges BCoT can pose when utilised for security *** study discusses recent findings,opportunities,and barriers,and provides recommendations that could facilitate the continuous growth of blockchain applications in ***,the study explored the potential of using a PoA-based permission blockchain with an applicable consent-based privacy model for decision-making in the information disclosure process,including the use of publisher-subscriber contracts for fine-grained access control to ensure secure data processing and sharing,as well as ethical trust in personal information disclosure,as a solution *** proposed authorisation framework could guarantee data ownership,conditional access management,scalable and tamper-proof data storage,and a more resilient system against threat models such as interception and insider attacks.

关键词： IoT Smart home healthcare PoA-based permissioned blockchain Authorisation framework Fine-grained access control Interception Privacy model Consent