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Characteristics of different charge transfer modes in upward flashes inferred from simultaneously measured currents and fields

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High Voltage 2020年第1期5卷 30-37页

作者： Lixia He Mohammad Azadifar Quanxin Li marcos Rubinstein Vladimir A.Rakov Arturo Mediano Davide Pavanello Farhad Rachidi Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland Department of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingPeople's Republic of China University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland(HES-SO) 1400 Yverdon-les-BainsSwitzerland Department of Electrical Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of FloridaFloridaUSA Institute of Electronics and Mathematics National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMoscowRussia Department Electronics and Communication Engineering University of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain Institute of Sustainable Energy University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland(HES-SO)1950 SionSwitzerland

The authors present an analysis of different charge transfer modes during upward negative *** analysis includes a total number of 94 pulses that occurred during two upward negative flashes recorded at the Säntis *** pulses included 59 mixed-mode(MM)initial continuous current(ICC)pulses,17 M-component-type ICC(M-ICC)pulses,8 returnstroke pulses,and 10 classical M-component(MC)*** is found that the initial stage of the flash is responsible for the largest share of the total charge transferred to the *** results for the electric fields associated with the considered charge transfer modes are presented and *** stroke(RS)and MM pulses were simulated adopting the MTLE model,while MCs and M-ICC pulses were simulated using the guided wave model of Rakov et *** simulated results are shown to be in good agreement with simultaneous records of electric fields measured at a distance of 15 km from the Säntis *** inferred velocities for MCs and M-ICC pulses range from 2.0×10^(7) to 9.0×10^(7) m/s,and the corresponding junction point heights range from 1.0 to 2.0 *** inferred pulse velocities for RSs and MM pulses range from 1.3×10^(8) to 1.65×10^(8) m/*** inferred current attenuation constants of the MTLE model obtained in this study range from 0.3 to 0.8 km,lower than the value of 2 km previously suggested for RSs in downward *** obtained results support the assumption that the mode of charge transfer to the ground giving rise to MM pulses is similar to that of *** results are also in support of the generally assumed similarity between M-ICC pulses and classical MCs.

关键词： flash charge transfer

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Benefits of Biochars and NPK Fertilizers for Soil Quality and Growth of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) in an Acid Arenosol

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Pedosphere 2019年第3期29卷 311-333页

作者： Rogerio Borguete Alves RAFAEL Maria Luisa FERNANDEZ-marcos Stefania COCCO Maria Letizia RUELLO Flavio FORNASIER Giuseppe CORTI Department of Rural Engineering Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo 257 (Mozambique) Department of Agriculture Food and Environmental Sciences Univ er sit a Politecnica delle Marche Ancona 60131 (Italy) Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Lugo 27002 (Spain) Department of Materials Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning Universita Politecnica delle Marche Ancona 60131 (Italy) Centro di Ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia Gorizia 34170 (Italy) Instituto de Biodiv ersidade Agraria e Desenvolvimento Rural Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Lugo 27002 (Spain)

Fertilization is required for optimum plant growth, particularly in unfertile soils, while optimizing nutrient use effciency is an alternative to reduce inorganic fertilizer needs and reduce environmental problems caused by nutrient leaching. This study investigated soil properties and cowpea yield responses to biochars(BCs) made from different feedstocks, baby corn peel biochar(BC1), branches of mango tree biochar(BC2), and rice husk biochar(BC3), applied in combination with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium(NPK) *** experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using an acid sandy soil(Arenosol) that was submitted for 70 d to the following eight treatments: i) control;ii) full dose of NPK(a commercial compound fertilizer(12-24-12 of N-P2O5-K2O)+ urea(46% N));iii) BC1+ half dose of NPK;iv) BC1 + full dose of NPK;v) BC2 + half dose of NPK;vi) BC2 + full dose of NPK;vii) BC3 + half dose of NPK;and viii) BC3 + full dose of NPK. All biochars were applied at a rate of 0.9%(weight/weight), and each type of biochar was combined with half and full doses of NPK fertilizers. Soil pH increased significantly(P < 0.05) in treatments with BC1 and BC2,while cation exchange capacity(CEC) and available P were higher in the treatments with BC1;BC1 and BC2 also induced higher activity of enzymes related to the P cycle and higher cowpea yield. Similar soil properties and cowpea yield parameters were obtained with the full and half doses of NPK fertilizers for each type of biochar used. In conclusion, biochars in the combination with NPK fertilizers improved soil chemistry and enzymatic activities, allowing reduced fertilizer application and food production costs in the acid soil studied.

关键词： acid soil nutrient use effciency organic amendment plant growth potential enzyme activity soil fertility soil pH

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Litter decomposition and nutrient release for two tropical N-fixing species in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第2期33卷 487-496页

作者： David Pessanha Siqueira Giovanna Campos Mamede Weiss de Carvalho JoséGabriel de Souza Silva marcos Vinicius Winckler Caldeira Deborah Guerra Barroso Laboratório de Fitotecnia Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroAvenida Alberto Lamego2000Campos dos GoytacazesRio de JaneiroBrazil Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira Universidade Federal do Espírito SantoAvenida Governador Lindenberg316Jerônimo MonteiroEspírito SantoBrazil Department of Geosciences and Natural Resources Management University of CopenhagenRolighedsvej 23Frederisksberg CDenmark

Litter production and decomposition are critical to forest productivity,nutrient cycling,and carbon seques-tration in tropical woody ***,nutrient release and leaf litter stoichiometry in tropical legume tree plantations over the long term after outplanting are poorly understood or even *** improving our under-standing of the pattern of changes in the decomposition of N-fixing leaf litters and their possible impact on carbon stor-age,we measured litter production,mass loss and nutrient release for 240 d during litter decomposition for two tropical legume tree species(Plathymenia reticulata and Hymenaea courbaril),in Rio de Janeiro,*** production for *** was 5.689 kg ha^(−1) a^(−1) and 3.231 kg ha^(−1) a^(−1) for *** patterns of mass loss rates were similar;however,nutrient release was greater for ***,while *** showed immobilization of nutrients,especially for N,which increased by almost 20%in the early phase of decomposition followed by gradual *** from the N-fixing species did differ in nutrient chemistries over time,which was not surprising given that initial nutrient concentrations varied broadly,except for C and *** of the nutrient concentrations increased as the remaining litter mass decreased in both species,except for C and *** C:N and N:P ratios differed between the species,but N:P did not correlate to mass *** species had N-rich leaves,but *** decomposition was very likely P-limited,while *** seemed to be co-limited by N and *** results showed different patterns in nutrient release and the stoichi-ometry involved in the decomposition dynamics of the two tropical N-fixing species,even though they have similar litter decay *** species,but especially ***,may help re-establish nutrient cycling in disturbed ecosystems.

关键词： Nutrient dynamics Legume species Litter chemistry Ecological stoichiometry Tropical forest

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Study of tumor necrosis factor receptor in the inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第18期29卷 2733-2746页

作者： Roberta Figueiroa Souza marcos Antônio Ferreira Caetano Henrique Inhauser Riceti Magalhães Patricia Castelucci Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-000Brazil Department of Surgery School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-270Brazil

Ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)are part of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases(IBD)and have pathophysiological processes such as bowel necrosis and enteric neurons and enteric glial *** addition,the main inflammatory mediator is related to the tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).TNF-αis a mediator of the intestinal inflammatory processes,thus being one of the main cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of IBD,however,its levels,when measured,are present in the serum of patients with *** addition,TNF-αplays an important role in promoting inflammation,such as the production of interleukins(IL),for instance IL-1βand *** are two receptors for TNF as following:The tumor necrosis factor 1 receptor(TNFR1);and the tumor necrosis factor 2 receptor(TNFR2).They are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD and their receptors have been detected in IBD and their expression is correlated with disease *** soluble TNF form binds to the TNFR1 receptor with,and its activation results in a signaling cascade effects such as apoptosis,cell proliferation and cytokine *** contrast,the transmembrane TNF form can bind both to TNFR1 and *** studies have suggested that TNF-αis one of the main pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of IBD,since TNF levels are present in the serum of both patients with UC and *** and subcutaneous biologics targeting TNF-αhave revolutionized the treatment of IBD,thus becoming the best available agents to induce and maintain IBD *** application of antibodies aimed at neutralizing TNF-αin patients with IBD that induce a satisfactory clinical response in up to 60%of patients,and also induced long-term maintenance of disease remission in most *** has been suggested that anti-TNF-αagents inactivate the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-αby direct neutralization,i.e.,resulting in suppression of ***,anti-TNF-αantibodies perform more complex functions than a simple block

关键词： Tumor necrosis factor 1 receptor Tumor necrosis factor 2 receptor Inflammatory bowel diseases Enteric nervous system tumor necrosis factor-alpha

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Natural sediment at a dam and its inorganic materials as adsorbents of praseodymium(Pr(Ⅲ))

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第4期38卷 566-575页

作者： Melania Jiménez-Reyes Jaime Jiménez-Becerril marcos Solache-Ríos Perla Tatiana Almazán-Sánchez Departamento de Química Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares Carretera México-Toluca S/N CONACy T-Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares

The sediment deposited behind a dam(DS) and its inorganic materials(IM-DS) were characterized and used for the removal of praseodymium(Pr) from aqueous solutions. Quartz, albite, and kaolinite were found in the sediment by X-ray diffraction. Kinetic data fit well to a pseudo second-order model, the equilibrium time for DS and IM-DS was 2 h and 3 min, respectively, and the adsorption capacity was higher for Pr/DS(qe= 4.91 mg/g) than for Pr/IM-DS(qe= 3.01 mg/g) in these conditions. Pr/DS and Pr/IM-DS data isotherms were in agreement with the Langmuir-Freundlich model and the maximum adsorption capacities were 4.95 and 4.01 mg/g, respectively. Both processes are exothermic(enthalpy change, ΔH0=-22.8 and-21.8 k J/mol for DS and IM-DS, respectively), the increase of the randomness is small, and the feasibility and spontaneity are low. Praseodymium was desorbed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium(EDTA-Na2), sodium chloride, nitric, citric, and humic acids solutions, and one hundred percent of praseodymium was desorbed by the EDTA-Na2solution. The Pr2(EDTA)3(praseodymium ethylenediaminetetraacetate) complex was completely desorbed from both materials(DS and IM-DS). Distribution coefficients(KD) depend upon praseodymium concentration,temperature, p H, and the kind of adsorbent. Chemical reactions of praseodymium with kaolinite and iron minerals could explain the adsorption.

关键词： Praseodymium Sediment Adsorption process parameters Desorption

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Tumor invasion and metastasis in Drosophila:A bold past,a bright future

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2011年第10期38卷 431-438页

作者： Rhoda K.A.Stefanatos marcos Vidal Beatson Institute for Cancer Research Garscube EstateSwitchback RdBearsdenGlasgow G61 IBDUK

Invasion and metastasis are the most deadly hallmarks of cancer. Once a cancer has acquired the ability to colonize new sites in the body it becomes dramatically more difficult to treat. This has made it a focus of much of cancer research. The humble fruit fly, Drosophila mela- nogaster, has despite its relative simplicity, made significant contributions to the understanding of tumor progression. In this review we outline and highlight those with an emphasis on modeling the genetic and epigenetic changes required for invasion and metastasis. We will revisit the early years of cancer modeling in Drosophila where the first parallels were drawn between Drosophila and vertebrate neoplasms and highlight recent advances using genetic screens and interactions with the epithelial microenvironment and innate immune system. We focus on the power and limitations of current fly models of metastasis.

关键词： Cancer Drosophila Metastasis

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Colchicine reduces procollagen Ⅲ and increases pseudocholinesterase in chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第23期16卷 2889-2894页

作者： Sergio Muntoni marcos Rojkind Sandro Muntoni Centre for Metabolic Diseases and Atherosclerosis The Metabolic Diseases and their Complications Association The George Washington University Medical Center Department of Toxicology Unit of Oncology and Molecular PathologyUniversity of Cagliari Medical School

AIM:To test whether colchicine would be an effective antif ibrotic agent for treatment of chronic liver diseases in patients who could not be treated with α-***:Seventy-four patients(46 males,28 females) aged 40-66 years(mean 53±13 years) participated in the *** patients were affected by chronic liver diseases with cirrhosis which was proven histologically(n=58);by chronic active hepatitis C(n=4),chronic active hepatitis B(n=2),and chronic persistent hepatitis C(n=6).In the four patients lacking histology,cirrhosis was diagnosed from anamnesis,serum laboratory tests,esophageal varices and *** were assigned to colchicine(1 mg/d) or standard treatment as control in a randomized,double-blind trial,and followed for 4.4 years with clinical and laboratory ***:Survival at the end of the study was 94.6% in the colchicine group and 78.4% in the control group(P=0.001).Serum N-terminal peptide of type Ⅲ procollagen levels fell from 34.0 to 18.3 ng/mL(P=0.0001),and pseudocholinesterase levels rose from 4.900 to 5.610 mU/mL(P=0.0001) in the colchicine group,while no signif icant change was seen in *** results were obtained in patients with chronic hepatitis C and in alcoholic ***:Colchicine is an effective and safe antifibrotic drug for long-term treatment of chronic liver disease in which fi brosis progresses towards cirrhosis.

关键词： Chronic liver disease Colchicine Liver cirrhosis Liver fibrosis Type Ⅲ procollagen peptide

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Five Colletotrichum species are responsible for mango anthracnose in northeastern Brazil

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第4期61卷 75-88页

作者： Nelson B.Lima Marcus Vinicius de A.Batista marcos A.De Morais Jr Maria A.G.Barbosa Sami J.Michereff Kevin D.Hyde marcos P.S.Câmara Departamento de Agronomia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco52171-900 RecifeBrazil Departamento de Genética Universidade Federal de Pernambuco50732-970 RecifeBrazil Embrapa Semiárido 56302-970 PetrolinaBrazil Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand

Colletotrichum species are the most important and widespread form of decay affecting mango fruit *** this study,Colletotrichum species associated with fruit anthracnose isolated from mango in northeastern Brazil were subject to molecular and morphological *** partial sequences of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene of 143 Colletotrichum isolates was amplified,as an initial measure of genetic diversity.A subset of 47 isolates,selected to represent the range of genetic diversity and geographic origin,were further sequenced using the partial actin,β-tubulin,calmodulin,glutamine synthetase genes and rDNA-ITS *** multilocus sequence analysis,together with a critical examination of the phenotypic characters,revealed four previously described species(Colletotrichum asianum,Colletotrichum fructicola,Colletotrichum tropicale and Colletotrichum karstii)and one new *** new species is introduced as Colletotrichum dianesei and formally described,illustrated and compared with similar *** *** and *** have previously been reported from mango,while the other species represent the first report associated with the mango fruits *** species are reported for the first time associated with the mango fruits in Brazil.

关键词： Multilocus phylogeny Morphology New species Plant disease

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Fluid dynamics analysis and pyrolysis of brewer’s spent grain in a spouted bed reactor

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Particuology 2019年第1期17卷 199-207页

作者： marcos A.S. Barrozo Lidja D.M.S. Borel Taísa S. Lira Carlos H. Ataíde School of Chemical Engineering Federal University of UberlandiaBrazil Department of Engineering and Technologies Federal University of Espirito SantoBrazil

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is a large-scale agroindustrial waste that could be more efficiently utilized. This waste is composed of lignocellulosic material and so may serve as a good source of biomass for thermochemical conversion. The present study investigated the fluid dynamics behavior of mixtures of sand and BSG in a spouted bed to assess the viability of the thermochemical conversion of this biomass via fast pyrolysis. Fluid dynamics analyses were performed while varying the mass fraction of BSG (6–80%) and the static bed height (6.6–13.4 cm). Empirical equations for predicting the minimum spouting conditions and the mixing index were obtained using a regression technique, and the selected fluid dynamics parameters were employed in the spouted bed pyrolysis. The bio-oil resulting from this process was rich in phenolic compounds, various nitrogenated compounds (representing precursors for pharmaceuticals) and long-chain hydrocarbons. The products obtained from the analytical and spouted bed pyrolysis processes were also compared.

关键词： Brewer’s spent grain Agroindustrial residue Spouted bed Fast pyrolysis Particle mixing

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Increased phosphorus availability to corn resulting from the simultaneous applications of phosphate rock, calcareous rock, and biochar to an acid sandy soil

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Pedosphere 2020年第6期30卷 719-733页

作者： Rogério Borguete Alves RAFAEL Maria Luisa FERNÁNDEZ-marcos Stefania COCCO Maria Letizia RUELLO Flavio FORNASIER Giuseppe CORTI Department of Rural Engineering Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry EngineeringUniversidade Eduardo MondlaneMaputo 257Mozambique Department of Agriculture Food and Environmental SciencesUniversitàPolitecnica delle MarcheAncona 60131Italy Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Universidad de Santiago de CompostelaLugo 27002Spain Department of Materials Environmental Sciences and Urban PlanningUniversitàPolitecnica delle MarcheAncona 60131Italy Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura Centro di Ricerca per lo Studio delle Relazioni tra Pianta e Suolo(C.R.E.A.-R.P.S.)Gorizia 34170Italy Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural Universidad de Santiago de CompostelaLugo 27002Spain

Phosphorus(P)deficiency is one of the main constraints on crop production in Arenosols(acid sandy soil).The high cost of P fertilizers may represent an insurmountable obstacle in many poor countries,leaving the exploitation of their own calcareous and phosphate rocks as the only low-cost and long-term *** is suggested to have positive effects on soil properties;however,there is no published research on the synergistic effects of biochar and rocky materials in modifying soil *** aim of this study was to investigate the chemical and biochemical responses of an acid Arenosol treated with phosphate rock(PR),calcareous rock(CR),and biochar(BC),and the implications for corn yield.A soil from Marracuene District,Mozambique was used,where corn was grown for 90 d with the soil treated with:no addition(control),water-soluble zinc phosphite fertilizer(WSP),PR,WSP+CR,WSP+BC,WSP+CR+BC,PR+BC,and PR+CR+*** was produced by pyrolysis of babycorn peels for 4 h at 450?C and applied at 11 g *** soil pHH2 Oincreased from about 4.54 in the control to 7.38 in the PR+CR+BC *** oxidizable organic carbon,cation exchange capacity,and available P were higher in the treatments containing BC than in the *** treatments containing CR and/or BC led to the highest activities of alkaline phosphomonoesterase,phosphodiesterase,andα-glucosidase,which increased P availability and gave the greatest biomass and *** suggest that biochar provides additional soluble P and supplies adsorption sites for phosphate,preventing its evolution to unavailable ***,PR applied together with BC contributed to an 840%yield increase compared to the *** treatments containing WSP and BC facilitated phosphite oxidation to phosphate and increased crop yield.

关键词： Arenosols available P enzyme activity phosphite oxidation soil fertility

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