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形象史学 2024年第1期 320-330页

作者：王耀柏恪义中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所不详

(1)王耀:首先恭喜您的大作《1735年前西方印本中国地图》(Regnum Chinae:The Printed Western Maps of China to 1735)出版,其中收录了1584年至1735年间的127幅珍贵的西方古地图,全面展现了那个时代西方地图中的中国图像。能不能简单介... 详细信息

(1)王耀:首先恭喜您的大作《1735年前西方印本中国地图》(Regnum Chinae:The Printed Western Maps of China to 1735)出版,其中收录了1584年至1735年间的127幅珍贵的西方古地图,全面展现了那个时代西方地图中的中国图像。能不能简单介绍一下为什么要著作这本书?柏恪义:2016年,当看到杰森·哈伯德(Jason Hubbard)的《绘制日本:1800年前欧洲印本日本地图的历史介绍与地图目录》1时,我发现还没有人出版过类似的印本中国地图作品。

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Survey of international experts on research priorities to improve care for healthy ageing

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第3期12卷 36-39页

作者： Matteo Cesari Yuka Sumi Hyobum Jang Jotheeswaran Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan Yejin Lee Rachel Albone marco Canevelli Monica R Perracini Andrew M Briggs Anshu Banerjee Department of Maternal NewbornChild and Adolescent Health and AgeingWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health University of MilanMilanItaly Department of Human Neuroscience Universitàdegli Studi di Roma La SapienzaRomeItaly Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and SocietyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Italian National Institute of HealthRomeItaly Master's and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy Universidade Cidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil Curtin School of Allied Health Curtin enAble InstituteCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia

INTRODUCTION The United Nations(UN)Decade of Healthy Ageing(2021–2030),coordinated by the World Health Organization(WHO),1 is a global collaborative initiative aimed at improving the lives of older people,their families and the communities.23 The Action Areas 3(ie,‘deliver person-centred,integrated care and primary health services responsive to older people’)and 4(ie,‘provide access to long-term care(LTC)for older people who need it’)of the Decade’s work programme focus on reorienting health and care systems to promote‘ageing in place’and the delivery of personalised interventions in a seamless continuum of care.

关键词： services ageing centre

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Counterfactual analysis of the 2023 Omicron XBB wave in China

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第1期9卷 195-203页

作者： Hengcong Liu Xiangyanyu Xu Xiaowei Deng Zexin Hu Ruijia Sun Junyi Zou Jiayi Dong Qianhui Wu Xinhua Chen Lan Yi Jun Cai Juanjuan Zhang marco Ajelli Hongjie Yu School of Public Health Fudan UniversityKey Laboratory of Public Health SafetyMinistry of EducationShanghaiChina Laboratory for Computational Epidemiology and Public Health Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsIndiana University School of Public HealthBloomingtonINUSA

Background:China has experienced a COVID-19 wave caused by Omicron XBB variant starting in April *** aim is to conduct a retrospective analysis exploring the dynamics of the outbreak under counterfactual scenarios that combine the use of vaccines,antiviral drugs,and nonpharmaceutical ***:We developed a mathematical model of XBB transmission in China,which has been calibrated using SARS-CoV-2 positive rates per *** age-specific infection-hospitalization risk,infection-ICU risk,and infection-fatality risk were used to estimate disease burdens,characterized as number of hospital admissions,ICU admissions,and ***:We estimated that in absence of behavioral change,the XBB outbreak in spring 2023 would have resulted in 0.86 billion infections(∼61%of the total population).Our counterfactual analysis shows that the synergetic effect of vaccination(70%vaccination coverage),antiviral treatment(20%receiving antiviral treatment),and moderate nonpharmaceutical interventions(20%isolation and L1 PHSMs)could reduce the number of deaths to levels close to seasonal influenza(1.17 vs.0.65 per 10,000 individuals and 5.85 vs.3.85 per 10,000 individuals aged 60+,respectively).The maximum peak prevalence of hospital and ICU admissions are estimated to be lower than the corresponding capacities(8.6 vs.10.4 per 10,000 individuals and 1.2 vs.2.1 per 10,000 individuals,respectively).Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the capacity of the Chinese healthcare system was adequate to face the Omicron XBB wave in spring 2023 but,at the same time,supports the importance of administering highly effective vaccine with long-lasting immune response,and the use of antiviral treatments.

关键词： wave analysis starting

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Retinoscopes:Past and present

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第3期14卷 126-140页

作者： Mutali Musa Ehimare Enaholo Babatunde Ismail Bale Carlo Salati Leopoldo Spadea marco Zeppieri Department of Optometry University of BeninBenin 300283Nigeria Department of Ophthalmology Africa Eye Laser CentreBenin 300105Nigeria Department of Ophthalmology Centre for Sight AfricaNkpor 434101Nigeria Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Eye Clinic Policlinico Umberto I"Sapienza"University of RomeRome 00142Italy

BACKGROUND Retinoscopy is arguably the most important method in the eye clinic for diagnosing and managing refractive *** of retinoscopy include its noninvasive nature,ability to assess patients of all ages,and usefulness in patients with limited cooperation or communication *** To discuss the history of retinoscopes and examine current literature on the *** A search was conducted on the PubMed and with the reference citation analysis(https://***)database using the term"Retinoscopy,"with a range restricted to the last 10 years(2013-2023).The search string algorithm was:"Retinoscopy"(MeSH Terms)OR"Retinoscopy"(All Fields)OR"Retinoscopes"(All Fields)AND[(All Fields)AND 2013:2023(pdat)].RESULTS This systematic review included a total of 286 *** reviewed iterations of the retinoscope into autorefractors,infrared photo retinoscope,television retinoscopy,and the Wifi enabled digital *** The retinoscope has evolved significantly since its discovery,with a significant improvement in its diagnostic *** it has advantages such as non-invasiveness and broad applicability,limitations exist,and the need for skilled interpretation *** ongoing research,including the integration of artificial intelligence,retinoscopy is expected to continue advancing and playing a vital role in eye care.

关键词： Retinoscopy Autorefractor Refractive errors Ophthalmology Optics Artificial intelligence

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Identification of druggable host dependency factors shared by multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2024年第3期16卷 9-23页

作者： Ilaria Frasson Linda Diamante Manuela Zangrossi Elena Carbognin Anna Dalla Pietà Alessandro Penna Antonio Rosato Ranieri Verin Filippo Torrigiani Cristiano Salata Marìa Paula Dizanzo Lorenzo Vaccaro Davide Cacchiarelli Sara N.Richter marco Montagner Graziano Martello Department of Molecular Medicine University of PaduaPadua 35121Italy Department of Biology Armenise/Harvard Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology LaboratoryUniversity of PaduaPadua 35131Italy Department of Surgery Oncology and GastroenterologyUniversity of PaduaPadua 35128Italy Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS Padua 35128Italy Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science University of PaduaPadua 35020Italy Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine(TIGEM) Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative GenomicsPozzuoli 80078Italy Department of Translational Medicine University of Naples Federico IINaples 80138Italy School for Advanced Studies Genomics and Experimental Medicine ProgramUniversity of Naples Federico IINaples 80138Italy Microbiology and Virology Unit Padua University HospitalPadua 35128Italy

The high mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of multiple variants,some of which are resistant to vaccines and drugs targeting viral *** host dependency factors,*** proteins required for viral replication,would help prevent the development of ***,it remains unclear whether different SARS-CoV-2 variants induce conserved cellular responses and exploit the same core host *** this end,we compared three variants of concern and found that the host transcriptional response was conserved,differing only in kinetics and *** regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats screening identified host genes required for each variant during *** of the genes were shared by multiple *** validated our hits with small molecules and repurposed the US Food and Drug Administration-approved *** the drugs were highly active against all the tested variants,including new variants that emerged during the study(Delta and Omicron).Mechanistically,we identified reactive oxygen species production as a key step in early viral *** such as N-acetyl cysteine(NAC)were effective against all the variants in both human lung cells and a humanized mouse *** study supports the use of available antioxidant drugs,such as NAC,as a general and effective anti-COVID-19 approach.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern host dependency factors antivirals N-acetyl cysteine

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Whole-eye transplantation: Current challenges and future perspectives

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 28-39页

作者： Anna Scarabosio Pier Luigi Surico Vlad Tereshenko Rohan Bir Singh Carlo Salati Leopoldo Spadea Glenda Caputo Pier Camillo Parodi Caterina Gagliano Jonathan M Winograd marco Zeppieri Department of Plastic Surgery University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Department of Plastic Surgery Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114United States Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114United States Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Eye Clinic Policlinico Umberto I"Sapienza"University of RomeRome 00142Italy Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Enna"Kore"Enna 94100Italy Eye Clinic Catania University San marco Hospital Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi 95121 CataniaItaly

Whole-eye transplantation emerges as a frontier in ophthalmology,promising a transformative approach to irreversible *** advancements,formidable challenges *** of donor eye viability post-enucleation necessitates meticulous surgical techniques to optimize retinal integrity and ganglion cell *** the inhibitory milieu of the central nervous system for successful optic nerve regeneration remains elusive,prompting the exploration of neurotrophic support and immunomodulatory *** tolerance,paramount for graft acceptance,confronts the distinc-tive immunogenicity of ocular tissues,driving research into targeted immunosup-pression *** and legal considerations underscore the necessity for stringent standards and ethical *** collaboration and ongoing research endeavors are imperative to navigate these ***,stem cell therapies,and precision immunomodulation represent promising avenues in this ***,the aim of this review is to critically assess the current landscape of whole-eye transplantation,elucidating the challenges and advancements while delineating future directions for research and clinical *** concerted efforts,whole-eye transplantation stands to revolu-tionize ophthalmic care,offering hope for restored vision and enhanced quality of life for those afflicted with blindness.

关键词： Eye Transplantation Optic nerve Nerve regeneration Immunological tolerance

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Evolutionary fingerprint, phylogenetic and forest structure of tropical montane Atlantic cloud forests along an elevation gradient

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1259-1271页

作者： Ravi Fernandes MARIANO Vanessa Leite REZENDE Cléber Rodrigo de SOUZA Patrícia Vieira POMPEU Rubens Manoel dos SANTOS Carolina Njaime MENDES Aloysio Souza de MOURA Felipe Santana MACHADO Warley Augusto Caldas CARVALHO marco Aurélio Leite FONTES Department of Forest Sciences Federal University of LavrasLavras 37200-900Brazil 2Environmental Defence Association of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte 30360-110Brazil Department of Ecology and Conservation Federal University of LavrasLavras 37200-900Brazil Department of Forest Sciences State University of Mato Grosso do SulAquidauana 79200-000Brazil Agência Zetta Federal University of LavrasLavras 37200-900Brazil. Department of Natural Sciences Federal University of São João del-ReiSão João del-Rei 36307-352Brazil.

Environmental conditions can change markedly over geographical distances along elevation gradients,making them natural laboratories to study the processes that structure *** work aimed to assess the influences of elevation on Tropical Montane Cloud Forest plant communities in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest,a historically neglected *** evaluated the phylogenetic structure,forest structure(tree basal area and tree density)and species richness along an elevation gradient,as well as the evolutionary fingerprints of elevation-success on phylogenetic lineages from the tree *** do so,we assessed nine communities along an elevation gradient from 1210 to 2310 m *** large elevation *** relationships between elevation and phylogenetic structure,forest structure and species richness were investigated through Linear *** occurrence of evolutionary fingerprint on phylogenetic lineages was investigated by quantifying the extent of phylogenetic signal of elevation-success using a genus-level molecular *** results showed decreased species richness at higher elevations and independence between forest structure,phylogenetic structure and *** also verified that there is a phylogenetic signal associated with elevation-success by *** concluded that the elevation is associated with species richness and the occurrence of phylogenetic lineages in the tree communities evaluated in Mantiqueira *** the other hand,elevation is not associated with forest structure or phylogenetic ***,closely related taxa tend to have their higher ecological success in similar ***,we highlight the fragility of the tropical montane cloud forests in the Mantiqueira Range in face of environmental changes(*** warming)due to the occurrence of exclusive phylogenetic lineages evolutionarily adapted to environmental conditions(*** temperature)associated with each elevation range.

关键词： Atlantic Forest Cloud forest Conservation Community ecology Montane forests Phylogenetic diversity Phylogenetic signal

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Primary liver transplantation vs transplant after Kasai portoenterostomy in children with biliary atresia: A retrospective Brazilian single-center cohort

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 112-119页

作者： Melina Utz Melere Valberto Sanha marco Farina Carolina Soares da Silva Luiza Nader Cristine Trein Angelica Maria Lucchese Cristina Ferreira Antonio Nocchi Kalil Flavia Heinz Feier Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Santa Casa de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050170Brazil Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90020-090Brazil Department of Surgical Oncology Santa Rita Hospital/Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050-170Rio Grande do SulBrazil

BACKGROUND Biliary atresia(BA)is the most common indication for pediatric liver transplantation,although portoenterostomy is usually performed ***,due to the high failure rate of portoenterostomy,liver transplantation has been advocated as the primary procedure for patients with *** is still unclear if a previous portoenterostomy has a negative impact on liver transplantation *** To investigate the effect of prior portoenterostomy in infants un-dergoing liver transplantation for *** This was a retrospective cohort study of 42 pediatric patients with BA who underwent primary liver transplantation from 2013 to 2023 at a single tertiary center in *** with BA were divided into two groups:Those undergoing primary liver transplantation without portoenterostomy and those undergoing liver transplantation with prior *** variables were compared using the Student’s t-test or the Kruskal-Wallis test,and categorical variables were compared using theχ2 or Fisher’s exact test,as *** Cox regression analysis was performed to determine risk factors for portal vein *** and graft survival analyses were conducted with the Kaplan–Meier product-limit estimator,and patient subgroups were compared using the two-sided log-rank *** Forty-two patients were included in the study(25[60%]girls),23 undergoing liver transplantation without prior portoenterostomy,and 19 undergoing liver transplantation with prior *** with prior portoenterostomy were older(12 vs 8 months;P=0.02)at the time of liver transplantation and had lower Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease scores(13.2 vs 21.4;P=0.01).The majority of the patients(35/42,83%)underwent livingdonor liver *** group of patients without prior portoenterostomy appeared to have a higher incidence of portal vein thrombosis(39 vs 11%),but this result did not reach statistical *** portoenterostomy

关键词： Hepatic portoenterostomy Biliary atresia Liver transplantation Patient outcome assessment Portal vein Survival

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具有Ruddlesden-Popper结构的杂化非本征铁电体(Ca_(1-x)Sm_(x))_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7)陶瓷的制备及其物理性能

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天津师范大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第2期44卷 19-25页

作者： marco Antonio López-Aguila 柳志旭王守宇黄聪刘卫芳天津大学理学院天津300350 天津师范大学物理与材料科学学院天津300387

为探究稀土离子掺杂对Ca_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7)物理性能的调控,采用固相反应法制备了Sm^(3+)掺杂的(Ca_(1-x)Sm_(x))_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7)(x=0,0.02,0.04)陶瓷样品,通过XRD、XPS、紫外-可见光吸收光谱以及第一性原理计算等方法对样品的晶体结构、... 详细信息

为探究稀土离子掺杂对Ca_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7)物理性能的调控,采用固相反应法制备了Sm^(3+)掺杂的(Ca_(1-x)Sm_(x))_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7)(x=0,0.02,0.04)陶瓷样品,通过XRD、XPS、紫外-可见光吸收光谱以及第一性原理计算等方法对样品的晶体结构、光学性能、电学性能和磁学性能进行分析.结果表明:随着Sm^(3+)含量的增加,(Ca_(1-x)Sm_(x))_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7)的晶胞参数逐渐增大.Sm^(3+)掺杂导致氧空位减少,因此样品的漏电流随着Sm^(3+)掺杂量的增加而减小.同时,随着Sm^(3+)掺杂量的增加,样品的光学带隙呈现增大趋势.此外,第一性原理研究表明,Sm^(3+)掺杂可在体系中诱导出磁性能,进一步丰富了该材料的物理性能.

关键词： (Ca_(1-x)Sm_(x))_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7)陶瓷铁电性氧空位光学带隙第一性原理

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A Structured Method of Teaching Epidural Block reduces the incidence of accidental dural puncture in inexperienced trainees.

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第4期14卷 131-135页

作者： marco Scorzoni Gianluigi Gonnella Emanuele Capogna Marina Campione Gaetano Draisci Matteo Velardo Giorgio Capogna Department of Anesthesiology Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Economics and Law Enna Kore University Enna Italy European School of Obstetric Anesthesia Rome Italy

Background: The rate of accidental dural puncture is particularly high during the period of training, especially in novices. The structured epidural teaching model (SETM) includes three standardized video lessons, the construction of a 3D epidural module by trainees and practical training by using an epidural simulator with and without the CompuFlo™ Epidural instrument. In this study we report the retrospective analysis of the accidental dural puncture rate of inexperienced trainees during their 6 months clinical practice rotation in obstetrics before and after the introduction of the SETM in our Institution. Method: We evaluated the incidence of accidental dural puncture before the introduction of the SETM methodology and afterwards by analyzing our departmental database from February 2019 to January 2023. All epidural blocks were executed by trainees who had never previously performed an epidural block and were about to begin their obstetrics rotation. Results: We analyzed 7415 epidurals: 3703 were performed before the introduction of the SETM methodology (control group) and 3712 afterwards (study group). The incidence of accidental dural puncture was 0.37% for the control group and 0.13% for the study group (p<.05). The probability of making an accidental dural puncture was 64% (OR: 0.36) lower for trainees who had the training than for those who did not. Conclusions: After the introduction of the structured teaching method, we observed a significant reduction of accidental dural puncture during the training period. We hope that our observation will encourage a constructive discussion among experts about the need to use standardized and validated tools as a valuable aid in teaching epidural anesthesia.

关键词： teaching epidural Anesthesia obstetrical Anesthesia Anesthesia

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