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Spatial niche segregation between bird species in the Bia?owieza primeval forest(NE Poland)

Forest Ecosystems 2023年第4期10卷 483-493页

作者： Oliwia Karpińska Katarzyna Kamionka-Kanclerska Patryk Czortek marcin K.Dyderski Dorota Czeszczewik Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities Faculty of Exact and Natural SciencesInstitute of Biological Sciences 2. Biatowieza Geobotanical StationFaculty of BiologyUniversity of Warsaw Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences

Drivers of bird niche separation in temperate primeval forests have not yet been determined,due to the low number of intact forest ***,we analyzed the general patterns of niche usage on trees by birds’ *** tested how tree species affect the sharing of space in an assemblage of birds and their level of *** conducted our study in the Bialowieza primeval forest(NE Poland).During two breeding seasons,we observed bird positions on trees,divided into three vertical and six horizontal zones in 768 observation *** on the interaction networks framework we calculated the Kullback-Leibler distance d’ as a metric of species specialization and the resource range RR index,which estimates the species’ specificity based on the fraction of space utilized with a non-zero *** d’ index was the highest in the lower understory for all parts of the tree on the basis of the position from the *** RR index was the highest in the lower understory for all parts based on the position from the *** the tree species,the lowest d’ index was observed in all tree species together,and hornbeam,whereas the highest in *** the tree species level,the RR index was the lowest for *** show tree species importance in forest space sharing in the case of bird ***,alder,and spruce are universal species that were used by birds almost *** contrast,oak,lime,and maple were only partially *** species with less complex structures could shape bird assemblages,as they could offer birds much fewer niches to ***,we showed that high specialization and niche separation are drivers of high bird *** maintaining a diverse stand structure is crucial for biodiversity conservation.

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Double criterion optimisation of transparent facades based on solar thermal processes

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2013年第1期2卷 23-29页

作者： marcin Janicki Dariusz Helm Department of Heat and Mass Transfer Lodz University of Technology Lodz 90-924 Poland

This work aimed to find the best possible solution for transparent facades. The evaluation was formulated to assure the highest user comfort criteria corresponding to energy efficiency--two criterion optimisation. The analyses were based on BESTEST, south-oriented zone geometry. Computer model was designed using Finite Control Volume Techniques with assumptions for applied materials and specified boundary conditions, plus reference year for energy calculation （WYECZJ. The natural ventilation facade system was desfgned to determine airflow network inside the facade. The adjustable size of openings （inlets and outlets） was selected at the level of 80% for the cold season and totally dosed during the hot season. Environmental parameters for thermal comfort evaluation were： zone resultant temperature and solar radiation in zone space. Energy efficiency was assessed based on heat flux between the zone with controlled temperature and external environment. Results showed that well selected design of buffer zone section could improve energy efficiency of adjacent zones for both winter and summer periods. The most profitable Double Skin Facade solution is DGC （double glazing with low-e coating） combined with single glazing with internal blinds （SGB） or coloured glazing.

关键词： Optimisation Sotar radiation Energy Thermal comfort Double skin facade Grazing

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A giant central red disk galaxy at redshift z=0.76:Challenge to theories of galaxy formation

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2021年第7期64卷 137-141页

作者： Kun Xu ChengZe Liu YiPeng Jing marcin Sawicki Stephen Gwyn Department of Astronomy School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Canada Research Chair Department of Astronomy&Physics and the Institute for Computational AstrophysicsSaint Mary’s UniversityHalifaxB3H 3C3Canada NRC-Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics National Research Council of CanadaVictoriaV9E 2E7Canada

We report a giant red central disk galaxy in the XMM-LSS north region. The region is covered with a rich variety of multi-band photometric and spectroscopic observations. Using the photometric data of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey(CFHTLS) and spectroscopic observation of the baryon oscillation spectroscopic survey(BOSS), we find that the galaxy has a stellar mass of ~1011.6 M⊙. The galaxy has a red color and has an old stellar population, and thus its star formation has *** the photometric image data of the Hyper Suprime-Cam(HSC) Subaru Strategic Program, we demonstrate that its luminosity profile is perfectly described by a Sérsic form with n=1.22 consistent with that of a disk. We also analyze its environment based on the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey(VIPERS) photometric catalog, and find that its close neighbors are all less massive, indicating that our observed galaxy is sitting at the center of its dark matter host halo. Existence of such a giant red central disk galaxy seriously challenges the current standard paradigm of galaxy formation, as there is no known physical mechanism to explain the quenching of its star formation. This conclusion is supported by state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation.

关键词： disk galaxies galaxy quenching massive galaxies

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Degradation of a protected mountain area by tourist traffic:case study of the Tatra National Park,Poland

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第10期18卷 2503-2519页

作者： Joanna FIDELUS-ORZECHOWSKA Elzbieta GORCZYCA marcin BUKOWSKI Kazimierz KRZEMIEN Institute of Geography Pedagogical University of KrakowPodchorqzych 230-084 KrakowPoland Institute of Geography and Spatial Management Jagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 730-387 KrakowPoland Tatra National Park Kuznice 134-500 ZakopanePoland

Mountain protected areas are characterized by high biodiversity,which makes it a great challenge for managers to maintain a balance between their use and the stability of natural *** that balance is particularly difficult in areas with high tourism *** expected volume of tourist traffic should be considered at the planning stage of the tourist infrastructure development *** capacity of tourist infrastructure can lead to environmental degradation,which is hard,or at times impossible,to *** our research,we identified patterns of tourist footpath and road functioning in an environmentally protected area with high volumes of tourist *** from geomorphologic mapping was analyzed in order to identify tourist footpath and road structures in the Tatra National Park(TNP).Fieldwork was conducted in several stages between 1995 and *** from the years 1977,2009,2017 and 2019 were used to identify and compare degraded zones along selected tourist *** zones were defined as areas surrounding a footpath or tourist road with a mean width larger than or equal to 10 meters,with heavily damaged or completely removed vegetation and exposed,weathered cover,where geomorphic processes that would not take place under normal conditions are readily *** examined tourist footpaths and roads vary in terms of their morphometric *** has shown important differences between mean and maximum footpath width as well as maximum incision depth for the forest zone versus the subalpine and alpine zones.A lack of differences in these parameters was noted between the alpine and subalpine *** has shown that an increase in the surface area of degraded zones found adjacent to tourist footpaths occurred in all the studied geo-ecological zones in the study ***,the largest increase occurred atop wide ridgelines found in the alpine *** zones may be an indication of exce

关键词： Tourist traffic Degraded zones Mountain area Morphogenetic processes Carrying capacity

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Analysis of seasonal position variation for selected GNSS sites in Poland using loading modelling and GRACE data

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2017年第4期8卷 253-259页

作者： marcin Rajner Tomasz Liwosz Warsaw University of Technology Department of Geodesy and Geodetic Astronomy

In this study we compared weekly GNSS position time series with modelled values of crustal deformations on the basis of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE) *** Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS) time series were taken from homogeneously reprocessed global network solutions within the International GNSS Service(IGS) Reprocessing 1 project and from regional solutions performed by Warsaw University of Technology(WUT) European Permanent Network(EPN) Local Analysis Center(LAC) within the EPN reprocessing *** GNSS sites from the territory of Poland with observation timespans between 2.5 and 13 years were selected for this *** Total Water Equivalent(TWE) estimation from GRACE data was used to compute deformations using the Green's function *** frequency components were removed from GRACE data to avoid aliasing *** GRACE observes mainly the mass transport in continental storage of water,we also compared GRACE deformations and the GNSS position time series,with the deformations computed on the basis of a hydrosphere *** used the output of Water GAP Hydrology Model(WGHM) to compute deformations in the same manner as for the GRACE *** WGHM gave slightly larger amplitudes than GNSS and *** atmospheric non-tidal loading effect was removed from GNSS position time series before comparing them with modelled *** results confirmed that the major part of observed seasonal variations for GNSS vertical components can be attributed to the hydrosphere *** results for these components agree very well both in the amplitude and *** decrease in standard deviation of the residual GNSS position time series for vertical components corrected for the hydrosphere loading reached maximally 36%and occurred for all but one stations for both global and regional *** horizontal components the amplitudes are about three times smaller than for vertical components therefore the comparison is muc

关键词： Mass transport Loading GRACE Hydrology model GNSS time series

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Optimum Heating of Thick-Walled Pressure Components Assuming a Quasi-steady State of Temperature Distribution

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Journal of Thermal Science 2016年第4期25卷 380-388页

作者： Piotr Dzierwa marcin Trojan Dawid Taler Katarzyna Kamińska Jan Taler Institute of Thermal Power Engineering Cracow University of Technology Institute of Thermal Engineering and Air Protection Faculty of Environmental Engineering Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Geotechnics Agricultural University of Cracow

As a result of the development of wind farms,the gas- steam blocks,which shall quickly ensure energy supply in case the wind velocity is too low,are introduced to the energy *** shorten the start-up time of the gas-steam and conventional blocks,the structure of the basic components of the blocks are changed,*** reducing the diameter of the boiler,the thickness of its wall is also *** attempts were also made to revise the currently binding TRD 301 regulations,replacing them by the EN 12952-3 European Standard,to reduce the allowable heating and cooling rates of thick walled boiler *** basic assumption,on which the boiler regulations allowing to calculate the allowable temperature change rates of pressure components were based,was the quasi- steady state of the temperature field in the simple shaped component,such as a slab,cylindrical or spherical wall.

关键词：准稳态温度分布加热组件压力厚壁燃气-蒸汽锅炉部件

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An exsitu underground coal gasification experiment with a siderite interlayer:course of the process,production gas,temperatures and energy efficiency

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第6期8卷 1447-1460页

作者： Marian Wiatowski Krzysztof Kapusta Jacek Nowak marcin Szyja Wioleta Basa Główny Instytut Górnictwa(Central Mining Institute) Plac Gwarków 140-166 KatowicePoland Politechnika Slaska Katedra Geologii Stosowanej(Institute of Applied GeologySilesian Technical University)ul.Akademicka 2AGliwicePoland

A 72-h ex situ hard coal gasification test in one large block of coal was carried *** gasifying agent was oxygen with a constant flow rate of 4.5 m^(3)/*** surroundings of coal were simulated with wet sand with 11%moisture content.A 2-cm interlayer of siderite was placed in the horizontal cut of the coal *** a result of this process,gas with an average flow rate of 12.46 m^(3)/h was *** direct influence of siderite on the gasification process was observed;however,measurements of CO_(2)content in the siderite interlayer before and after the process allow to determine the location of high-temperature zones in the *** greatest influence on the efficiency of the gasification process was exerted by water contained in wet *** the high temperature that prevailed in the reactor,this water evaporated and reacted with the incandescent coal,producing hydrogen and carbon *** reaction contributes to the relatively high calorific value of the resulting process gas,averaging 9.41 MJ/kmol,and to the high energy efficiency of the whole gasification process,which amounts to approximately 70%.

关键词： Underground coal gasification UCG Siderite interlayer Water Ex situ Hydrogen

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Bonding effect of liquid magnesium with open-celled carbon foam in interpenetrating phase composite

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第1期9卷 156-165页

作者： marcin Godzierz Anita Olszowka-Myalska Natalia Sobczak Rafal Nowak Patryk Wrze'sniowski Silesian University of Technology Faculty of Materials EngineeringKrasi´nskiego 8 street40-019 KatowicePoland Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of SciencesRaymonta 25 streetKrakówPoland Łukasiewicz Foundry Research Institute Zakopia´nska 73 street30-418 KrakówPoland

The issue of bonding formation in liquid metal/open-celled carbon foam(C_(of))systems was examined,taking into account the practical aspects of the synthesis of a new type of Mg-C metal material *** problem is complex due to the strong oxidation and intense evaporation of liquid magnesium,as well as the 3D geometry of the carbon component,where metal transport occurred through the foam cells’*** experiments performed at 700℃ in ceramic crucibles showed that spontaneous carbon foam infiltration by liquid metal is impossible under the applied conditions,either in an air atmosphere coupled with flux protection or under argon *** tests performed in a UHV chamber filled with static pure Ar by a sessile drop method,coupled with non-contact heating and capillary purification at a test temperature of 700℃ directly in the UHV chamber,showed non-wetting behavior of the Mg/C_(of)couple with a correspondingly high contact angle of about 135°.The graphite capillary was then moved down,the liquid drop being slightly pressed into the foam,but these changes did not induce effective foam *** the short contact time for the sessile drop test under an argon atmosphere,SEM+WDS analysis of the solidified Mg/C_(of)couple revealed the formation of an MgO interlayer at the interface,with a thickness of approx.1μ*** experimentally demonstrated presence of oxygen in the carbon foam sample,both before and after its contact with magnesium,points to oxide-type bonding being established between Mg and C_(of).This observation is in a good agreement with previous reports on the interface characterization of magnesium matrix composites reinforced with glassy carbon materials and carbon fibers by stir casting and pressure *** on the findings of this study,a general structural scheme of the bonding process between carbon foam and liquid magnesium,as an important stage in the syntheses of Mg-C composites,was proposed.

关键词： Magnesium matrix composite Open-celled carbon foam Interpenetrating phase composites Wetting Interface

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Blood concentration of aminothiols in children with relapse of nephrotic syndrome

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世界儿科杂志:英文版 2016年第3期12卷 353-359页

作者： marcin Tkaczyk Monika Miklaszewska Jolanta Lukamowicz Wojciech Fendler Division of Nephrology Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute of lodz281/289 Rzgowska st.93-338lodzPoland Department of Pediatric Nephrology Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian UniversityWielicka 26530-663 KrakowPoland Center of Medical Diagnostics Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute of lodzPoland281/289 Rzgowska st.93-338 lodzPoland Medical University of lodz al.Kosciuszki 4lodzPoland

Background:The role of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome(INS)in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in childhood has not been clearly ***,antioxidative defense in INS is thought to be *** study aimed to assess the changes of plasma concentration of selected aminothiols in the blood of children with INS at various stages of the ***:This cross-sectional study was conducted in 125 children aged 2-18 *** children were divided into 4 groups:group A,early relapse(n=37);group B,early remission for 4-6 weeks from the onset(n=37);group C,late steroid-free remission(n=31);and group D,long-term remission for 2-5 years(n=20).Control group(E)consisted of 30 age-and gender-matched healthy *** study protocol comprised an analysis of plasma concentrations of glutathione,homocysteine,cysteine and cysteinylglycine by high-performance liquid *** of protein-bound and free aminothiols were *** injury was assessed by thrombomodulin,PAI-1 concentration,and von Willebrand factor ***:The children with INS had unbalanced aminothiol metabolism only in relapse and early remission,that shifted towards increased oxidative *** of cyclosporine A caused a significant increase in homocysteine and cysteine *** in aminothiol metabolism were significantly related to endothelial ***:The fi ndings of this study may be helpful in elucidating the pathogenesis of premature atherosclerosis in patients with INS refractory to the treatment or in the case of frequent relapse.

关键词： aminothiols children cyclosporine A homocysteine nephrotic syndrome

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New Design of Textile Vascular Prostheses for the Reconstruction of Small Diameter Vascular Blood Vessels

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2013年第5期30卷 401-405页

作者： CHRZANOWSKA Olga STRUSZCZYK marcin Henryk KRUCINSKA Izabella Department of Material and Commodity Sciences and Textile Metrology Center of Advanced Technologies of Human Friendly Textiles PRO HUMANO TEXFaculty of Material Technologies and Textile DesignUniversity of Technology

The general object of research is to design new idea of the semi-biodegradable,multilayered vascular prosthesis used for the reconstruction of significantly small diameter vascular vessels( microreconstruction). The paper studies the selection of appropriate sterilization technique for resorbable tubular structures made of poly( L-lactide-co-glicolide)( PLAGA) and nonbiodegradable tubular structures made of polypropylene( PP). The designed grafts are characterized by the physical properties as well as mechanical properties according to ISO 7198 ∶ 1998 ***,the process of the grafts fabrication will be explained considering the stages affected the critical properties of the elaborated textile implants. The increase of PLAGA melt-electrospun tubular structures mechanical properties was observed due to the thermal stabilization use. The ethylene oxide( EO) and steam sterilization had a destructive effect on the designed PLAGA meltelectrospun tubular, fibrous structures, whereas the irradiation yielded in the changes in mechanical and physical properties on the acceptable level,taking into account the future clinical applications.

关键词： vascular prostheses melt-electrospinning melt-blown sterilization

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