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Social Indicators in Preliminary Studies for the Installation of Solar Panels, Salta, Argentina

Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2014年第11期8卷 1869-1875页

作者： Emilce Ottavianelli marcelo ibarra Carlos Cadena Faculty of Sciences and Research Council National University of Salta Salta 4400 Argentina INIQUI (Institute for Chemical Industry) CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council) Salta 4400 Argentina Public Prosecutor School Governance Salta 4400 Argentina INENCO (Research Institute of Non-Conventional Energy) CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council)Salta 4400 Argentina

More than 10% of the population in Salta is regarded as rural. Many rural areas suffer a shortage of energy, and consequently, possibilities of social and economic development of the inhabitants become reduced. The activation of renewable energy sources in these areas presents inhabitants the advantages to generate their own energy. Dispersed rural communities create small electricity demands that are not considered by suppliers, because they are not profitable. Although thus far, feasibility analyses to install photovoltaic or thermal solar collectors are based on technical reasons, it seems more convenient that, in the future, projects for the installation of technology based on renewable energy should consider social indicators. As a preliminary step to field work is proposed in this paper using an equation that allows us to obtain a value of＂social index＂. With this analysis and the current survey accompanied by the local people, knowledge will be obtained of the real needs of these rural communities. The results show that there is a variation that would allow a classification or ordering of localities. To validate the results obtained is proposed as the next step to perform field work in each of the localities.

关键词： Solar energy social index rural community.

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Financial Losses Associated with Bovine Brucellosis (Brucella abortus) in Carchi-Ecuador

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第2期13卷 205-216页

作者： marcelo ibarra Martin Campos Christian ibarra Urgilés Gladys Danny Huera Milena Gutiérrez Andrea Chamorro Luis Núñez Facultad de Industrias Agropecuarias y Ciencias Ambientales. Carrera Agropecuaria. Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi (UPEC). Antisana S/N y Av Universitaria Tulcán Ecuador. Doctorando de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario Argentina Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi (UPEC). Antisana S/N y Av Universitaria Tulcán Ecuador Facultad de Industrias Agropecuarias y Ciencias Ambientales Carrera Agropecuaria Tulcán Ecuador Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi Maestrante Centro de Postgrado Tulcán Ecuador Facultad de Comercio Internacional Administración y Economía Empresarial Carrera de Comercio Exterior Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi Tulcán Ecuador Facultad de Industrias Agropecuarias y Ciencias Ambientales Carrera de Enfermería Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi Carchi Ecuador Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria One Health Research Group Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA) Quito Ecuador

Brucellosis is an infectious disease of worldwide distribution, which has a great economic impact due to the productive and reproductive losses that it causes, in addition to the serious public health problem. The aim of this study is to estimate the economic losses, through financial analysis, caused by bovine brucellosis in the province of Carchi, over a one-year period. A random sampling was used to determine the prevalence in the study area, where 2976 animals were considered, and the Rose Bengal (RB) test was used as a screening test and the Fluorescence Polarized Assay (FPA) as a confirmatory test, obtaining a prevalence of 8.2% (244/2976). In addition, parameters associated to the losses caused by brucellosis in cattle were determined by literature review. To estimate costs, field information was collected through a survey of a total of 100 randomly selected farmers. The loss estimated due to calves lost as a result of abortions and neonatal death was USD. 79170.00. The loss due to death of 4 cows as a result of metritis was estimated at USD. 5000.00. The cost of examination and treatment of aborted cows was USD. 20100.00. The losses due to reduction in milk production from aborted and non-aborted seropositive cows were estimated at USD. 158114.21. The financial losses due to brucellosis in province of Carchi were estimated at USD. 262384.21.

关键词： Bovine Brucellosis Economic Losses Carchi-Ecuador

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Determining a Diagnostic Cut-Off on Fluorescence Polarization Assay(FPA)for Bovine Brucellosis in Carchi,Ecuador

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2017年第4期7卷 425-432页

作者： ibarra marcelo Benavides Hernan Salgado Ruth Gutierrez Milena Garcia Judith Pena Julio Herrera David Mina Jorge Campos Martin Puga Byron Agricultural Career Carchi State Polytechnic UniversityTulcánEcuador School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Central University of EcuadorQuitoEcuador

Serology is the foundation of any brucellosis control and eradication program worldwide, thus it is important to define accuracy diagnostics assays and cut-off of those assays, due to variations from country to country and even among specific areas in the country. The variation of cutoff values depended on: prevalence of disease, vaccination status, animal management, and control and eradication programs. Therefore, a cut-off for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis through fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) in Carchi—Ecuador was determined. The survey has been carried out in Carchi province of Ecuador, who is considered a province of high prevalence of brucellosis and the vaccination status is unknown due to the lack of registers. Sera samples (n = 200) were obtained from individual cows from randomly selected herds. Blood sera were tested through Fluoresce Polarization Assay (FPA) and competitive enzyme-linked inmunosorbent assay (cELISA) as confirmatory test, and then receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was done. The sensitivity and specificity values of FPA were 88.7% and 92.50% respectively using a cut-off of 89.90 mP. Moreover, the area under the curve showed that 92.2% is the probability accuracy of the test. The advantage of the FPA is that it is a test with good characteristics of sensitivity and specificity as well as a simple and quick test.

关键词： Brucella Diagnosis Fluorescence Polarization Sensitivity Specificity

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Evaluation of the Use of Gamma Radiation for Reduction of Aflatoxin B1 in Corn(Zea mays)Used in the Production of Feed for Broiler Chickens

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2018年第1期7卷 21-33页

作者： Marco Sinche Serra Marco Burbano Pulles Freddy Torres Mayanquer Martin Campos Vallejo marcelo ibarra Rosero Jorge Mina Ortega Luis Nunez Naranjo National Polytechnic School Department of Nuclear SciencesQuitoEcuador Food Engineering Career Carchi State Polytechnic UniversityTulcánEcuador Agricultural Career Carchi State Polytechnic UniversityTulcánEcuador Department of Pathology College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

Corn is one of the main grasses used to produce human or animal food. One of the main problems with the use of corn is the presence of mycotoxins, where aflatoxin B1 is one of the most harmful for human and animal health. Chemical methods such as the addition of antifungals and sequestrants are used to control this contaminant in food;however, these methods can leave dangerous residues. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of irradiation with gamma rays on corn for the control of aflatoxin B1. For this purpose, three treatments were compared: treatment 1, application of gamma radiation, treatment 2, application of antifungal and treatment 3, combination of gamma radiation and application of antifungal. Corn without exposure to any control of aflatoxin was used as a witness group. Irradiation doses of 2, 6 and 10 kGy were tested, and the dose of 6 kGy was selected as the best since it lowered aflatoxin B1 more effectively. The corn analyzed in this study was stored during 45 days at 23°C, and every 15 days. We determined the concentration of aflatoxin B1, presence or absence of pathogenic microorganisms and insects, and we evaluated the physicochemical characteristics of the grain. Then, the treatments were compared and treatment 1, only irradiation with gamma rays, proved to be significantly more effective in the reduction of aflatoxin B1 and the total inhibition of the survival of the insects during the 45 days of storage which allowed better preservation of the protein. All treatments controlled the growing of pathogenic microorganisms as Salmonella and Enterobacteriacea, and kept the humidity of the grain in values lower than 13%. The cost production of a bag of 40 kg of feed was also estimated in USD 22.56;which is1.80% greater than the cost corresponding to the conventional process that uses mycotoxin sequestrants.

关键词： Zea mays Aflatoxin Gamma Radiation Poultry Feed

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