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The first record of dermochelyid turtles in the Eocene of Tierra del Fuego:new insights on the evolution of the Weddellian faunas

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第1期35卷 63-77页

作者： Paula BONA Juliana STERLI marcelo Saúl de la FUENTE Eduardo OLIVERO Marta S.FERNÁNDEZ marcelo reguero División Paleontología Vertebrados Museo de La Plata-Anexo IIFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoUniversidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata B1900FWAArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio Trelew U9100Argentina Instituto de Evolución Ecología Histórica y Ambiente-CONICETSan Rafael CP5600Argentina Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas-CONICET Universidad Nacional de Tierra del FuegoUshuaia CP 9410Argentina División Paleontología Vertebrados Museo de La PlataUniversidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata B1900FWAArgentina

The Antarctic Paleogene marine fossil record has been the key to reconstructing the evolution of the Weddellian Sea and final dismemberment of Southern Gondwana.In this context,Eocene marine vertebrates from Seymour(Marambio)Island have provided valuable information.We present the first Eocene record of marine reptiles from the southern Atlantic Coast of South America.This corresponds to several postcranial turtle remains represented by a proximal end of the right humerus,three caudal and one thoracic vertebrae,a fragment of the left pubis,and ten ossicles of the dorsal carapace,coming from the Leticia Formation(late-mid Eocene)at Cabo Tiburones,Tierra del Fuego,Argentina.These materials show severalfeatures such as the size and general morphology of the humerus and vertebrae,and the presence of relatively small,irregular,smooth,and unkeeled ossicles,which allow us to assign them to Dermochelyidae indet.Dermochelyids are a cosmopolitan group ofcryptodiran turtles,registered from the late Cretaceous up to the recent,with some physiological-biological peculiarities(e.g.,endothermy and an exclusive jellyfish-based diet)and characterized by the presence of an osseous carapace formed by ossicles.The new finding from the Leticia Formation is an addition to the scarce and extremely fragmentary record of Eocene dermochelyids from the southern seas like those from the La Meseta and Submeseta formations(Antarctica)and the Waihao and Burnside formations(New Zealand).This new information allows us to discuss the presence of these turtles in such high latitudes in the past and its implication in the evolution of the Weddellian fauna.

关键词： marine reptiles sea turtles Dermochelyidae Paleogene La Meseta Formation Submeseta Formation Leticia Formation

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Middle Eocene chondrichthyan fauna from Antarctic Peninsula housed in the Museo de La Plata,Argentina

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第1期35卷 14-47页

作者： Martina CHARNELLI Soledad GOUIRIC-CAVALLI marcelo A.reguero Alberto L.CIONE Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica(ANPCyT) Godoy Cruz 2370Argentina División Paleontología Vertebrados Museo de La PlataPaseo del Bosque s/nLa Plata B1900FWAArgentina Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata(FCNyM) Universidad Nacional de La Plata(UNLP)La Plata CP 1900Argentina Instituto Antártico Argentino(IAA) General San Martín B1650HMKArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina

In recent years,the taxonomy and systematics of the cartilaginous fish taxa from the Eocene La Meseta Formation of Seymour(Marambio)Island,Antarctica have been extensively discussed in a series of papers,resulting in a complete revision of the Antarctic Eocene ichthyofauna housed in the Vertebrate Paleontology collection of the Museo de La Plata,Argentina.This collection constitutes one of the largest and taxonomically most diverse in the world,with approximately 20000 specimens,which provides a solid database used for the analysis of qualitative and quantitative chondrichthyan taxonomic composition.The information provided herein might be useful to understand the sudden decline in chondrichthyan taxonomic diversity towards the top of La Meseta Formation as well as its potential relationship with environmental changes during the Eocene.

关键词： Gondwana Antarctica Paleogene ichthyofauna Seymour(Marambio)Island

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The fossil record of Antarctic land mammals:commented review and hypotheses for future research

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Advances in Polar Science 2019年第3期30卷 274-292页

作者： Javier NGELFO Francisco JGOIN Nicolás BAUZá marcelo reguero Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) ArgentinaGodoy Cruz 2290C1425FQBCABAArgentina División Paleontología Vertebrados Museo de La Plata.Paseo del Bosque s/nB1900FWALa PlataArgentina Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata Universidad Nacional de La PlataArgentina MORPHOS Lab Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La PlataUniversidad Nacional de La Plata Instituto Antártico Argentino 25 de Mayo 1143B1650HMKSan MartínBuenos AiresArgentina

The fossil record of terrestrial mammals in Antarctica is temporally and geographically constrained to the Eocene outcrops of La Meseta and Submeseta formations in Seymour(Marambio)Island in West Antarctica.The faunal assemblage indicates a clear South American imprint since all the groups have a close phylogenetic relationship with Cretaceous and Paleogene mammals from Patagonia.Despite the presence of several mammalian taxonomic groups:Dryolestida,Gondwanatheria,Eutheria and Metatheria,the presence of other major mammalian taxa should be expected and will probably be confirmed by new findings.Placental mammals with an inferred body mass between 10 to 400 kg in size,are represented by xenarthrans,and two groups of the so called South American native ungulates:Astrapotheria and Litopterna.The Metatheria are the smaller(less than 1 kg)and most abundant components of the fauna.Marsupials are represented by derorhynchid ameridelphians,several microbiotherian australidelphians(both microbiotheriids and woodburnodontids),and?glasbiid prepidolopod and polydolopid polydolopimorphians.Plus,there are remains of several mammalian teeth of indeterminate phylogenetic affinities.The present knowledge of the Southern Hemisphere mammalian evolution and paleogeographic change through time,indicates that Antarctica played a major role for land mammals,at least since the Jurassic.The actual representation of Paleogene terrestrial mammals in Antarctica is most probably biased,as all the evidence indicates that australosphenidan mammals should be present in this continent since the Jurassic.

关键词： Antarctica James Ross Basin Jurassic Paleogene Eocene Mammalia

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Cretaceous Antarctic plesiosaurs:stratigraphy,systematics and paleobiogeography

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Advances in Polar Science 2019年第3期30卷 210-227页

作者： Jose Patricio O’GORMAN Rodrigo OTERO marcelo reguero Zulma GASPARINI División Paleontología Vertebrados Museo de La PlataUniversidad Nacional de La PlataPaseo del Bosque s/n.B1900FWALa PlataArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) ArgentinaGodoy Cruz 2290C1425FQBCABAArgentina Red Paleontológica U-Chile Laboratorio de Ontogenia y FilogeniaDepartamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileLas Palmeras 3425SantiagoChile Instituto Antártico Argentino 25 de Mayo 1143B1650HMKSan MartínBuenos AiresArgentina

The last twenty million years(Maastrichtian–Santonian)of Southern Hemisphere plesiosaur history is especially well recorded in the Weddellian Province(Patagonia;Western Antarctica and New Zealand).The oldest Late Cretaceous plesiosaurs,two specimens referred to Polycotylidae indet.,come from the Santonian levels of the Santa Marta Formation,while the oldest elasmosaurids come from the lower Campanian of the same formation.In the lower Maastrichtian of the Snow Hill Island Formation the non-aristonectine elasmosaurid Vegasaurus molyi is recorded together with other non-diagnosable elasmosaurid specimens,but no aristonectines are present.Aristonectines appears in the Antarctic record in the upper Maastrichtian of the López de Bertodano Formation and are represented by Morturneria and cf.Aristonectes.The specimens from the upper Campanian previously referred to Aristonectinae indet.are referred to Elasmosauridae indet.,shortening the temporal record of Aristonectinae in Antarctica.Therefore aristonectines appears in the Antarctic record in the upper Maastrichtian of the López de Bertodano Formation and are represented by Morturneria and cf.Aristonectes.The Antarctic Cretaceous elasmosaurids show a paleobiogeographic connection with South America and New Zealand(Weddellian Province).This connection is indicated by the shared presence of the Aristonectinae Kaiwhekea katiki(New Zealand)and Aristonectes(Argentina and Chile).Recent phylogenetic analysis recovered the aristonectines within the Weddellonectia clade,which includes the aristonectines and the non-aristonectines Vegasaurus molyi(Isla Vega,Antarctica);Kawanectes lafquenianum(Argentina);Morenosaurus stocki and Aphrosaurus furlongi(California).Among the Weddellonectia,the aristonectines show a relatively large body size and extremely derived features and probably occupied a trophic niche that differed from the trophic niche of other elasmosaurids.By way of contrast Kawanectes lafquenianum is an extremely small body-sized elasmosaurid restricted to marginal marine

关键词： Elasmosauridae Aristonectinae Polycotylidae Santa Marta Formation Snow Hill Island Formation López de Bertodano Formation Weddellonectia

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Antarctic Paleontological Heritage:Late Cretaceous–Paleogene vertebrates from Seymour(Marambio)Island,Antarctic Peninsula

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Advances in Polar Science 2019年第3期30卷 328-355页

作者： marcelo A.reguero Instituto Antártico Argentino División Paleontología Vertebrados Museo de La Plata Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Universidad Nacional de La Plata Paseo del Bosque s/n Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)

Antarctica has significant environmental,scientific,historic,and intrinsic values,all of which are worth protecting into the future.This continent has a discrete number of places of scientific interest that exhibit great potential as natural heritage sites;its geodiversity is of fundamental importance to scientific values of the continent,and the pursuit of geological and paleontological knowledge has had a strong influence on its historical values.Seymour Island was once called the‘Rosetta Stone’of Southern Hemisphere paleobiology,because this small island provides the most complete and richly fossiliferous Late Cretaceous–Paleogene sequence in Antarctica.In particular,fossil vertebrates form part of the evidence used in reconstructing the history of life on Antarctica.Paleontological heritage is considered a subset of geo-heritage that embodies both natural and historical components which has received only indirect recognition.Seymour Island is an outstanding paleontological area with high heritage value of its Late Cretaceous/Paleogene vertebrates and should be considered for geo-conservation and protection.This paper reviews vertebrate fossil occurrences and outcrops on Seymour Island and discusses some threats to these fossil sites.

关键词： fossil vertebrates geo-heritage geo-conservation Late Cretaceous-Paleogene Seymour Island Antarctica

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Eocene Antarctica:a window into the earliest history of modern whales

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Advances in Polar Science 2019年第3期30卷 293-302页

作者： Mónica R.BUONO R.Ewan FORDYCE Felix G.MARX Marta S.FERNANDEZ marcelo A.reguero Instituto Patagónico de Geología y Paleontología CCT CONICET-CENPATBvd.Brown 2915U9120ACDPuerto MadrynChubutArgentina Department of Geology University of Otago360 Leith WalkPO Box 56DunedinOtago 9054New Zealand Departments of Paleobiology and Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashington DCUSA Directorate of Earth and History of Life Royal Belgian Institute of Natural SciencesBrusselsBelgium Department of Geology University of LiègeB18Quartier Agora14 Allée du 6 Aout4000 LiègeBelgium School of Biological Sciences Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia Palaeontology Museums VictoriaMelbourneAustralia CONICET-División Paleontología Vertebrados Unidades de InvestigaciónAnexo MuseoFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoUniversidad Nacional de La Plata60 y 122B1900FWALa PlataArgentina CONICET-División Paleontología de Vertebrados Museo de La PlataPaseo del Bosque s/nB1900FWALa PlataArgentina Instituto Antártico Argentino(Dirección Nacional del Antártico) 25 de Mayo 11511650San MartínArgentina

The Eocene–Oligocene Southern Ocean is thought to have played a major role in cetacean evolution.Yet,fossils from its heart—Antarctica—are rare,and come almost exclusively from the Eocene La Meseta and Submeseta formations of Marambio(Seymour)Island.Here,we provide a summary and update of this crucial fossil assemblage,and discuss its relevance in the broader context of cetacean evolution.To date,Eocene specimens from Antarctica include basilosaurids,a group of archaic stem cetaceans that had already fully adapted to life in water;and the archaic toothed mysticete Llanocetus,the second oldest crown cetacean on record(ca.34 Ma).This Eocene co-occurrence of stem and crown cetaceans is highly unusual,and otherwise only observed in Peru.Though related,at least some of the Antarctic species appear to be different from,and notably larger than their Peruvian counterparts,suggesting an early differentiation of the high latitude cetacean fauna.

关键词： Marambio(Seymour)Island Basilosauridae Mysticeti evolution

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