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A Study of Degradation in Vegetable Oils by Exposure to Sunlight Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Materials Sciences and Applications 2020年第10期11卷 678-691页

作者： Thiago Reixach pires de Souza Laudilene Olenka Wilson Sacchi Peternella Department of Chemistry Federal University of Rond&ocirc nia Campus José Ribeiro Filho Porto Velho State of Rond&ocirc nia Brazil Department of Physics Federal University of Rond&ocirc nia Campus José Ribeiro Filho Porto Velho State of Rond&ocirc nia Brazil

There are a diversity and variability of oil producing plants and different extraction methods. These vegetable and essential oils are substances stored and released by plants from their fruits, leaves, flowers, bark and stem, being complete of plant origin that provides some benefits. In the plant these oils are also known as antioxidant substances, which have the function of natural protection. It is known that the extraction method has a strong influence on its quality and composition due to its variability and environmental conditions, besides possible adulteration. Oils that are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids are the most relevant to the cosmetic industry but are most sensitive to oxidation. The oxidation of these oils generates what is known as rancidity, with the presence of smaller and undesirable molecules, thus reducing the quality of the oil beyond its nutritional value, making them harmful to human health. Stocking conditions, such as exposure to sunlight and heat, are major phenomena that accelerate the degradation of these oils. Infrared spectrometry with Fourier transform (FTIR) is a tool with potential to evaluate the degradation effect of vegetable oils. Infrared spectra of Almond (Prunus dulcis), Andiroba (Carapa guianensis aubl.), Copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffi) and Rosehip (Rosa aff. Rubiginosa) oils before and after exposure to sun light for 90 days were analyzed, with objective of evaluating the effect of the degradation on the composition of the oil, which were acquired in local commerce of the city Porto Velho. The spectra trends show the occurrence of oxidation, with the reduction of unsaturation, in addition to the fractionation of carbon chains and appearance of functional groups such as aldehyde and alcohol.

关键词： Vegetable Oil Oxidation Unsaturation FTIR

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GEOENGINEERING FIELD TECHNIQUES FOR ROCK CHARACTERIZATION OF COASTAL PROTECTION STRUCTURES

GEOENGINEERING FIELD TECHNIQUES FOR ROCK CHARACTERIZATION OF...

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2009 International Symposium on Rock Mechanics:"Rock Characterisation,Modelling and Engineering Design Methods"

作者： Ana pires Helder I.Chaminé Laboratory of Cartography and Applied Geology LABCARGADepartment of Geotechnical EngineeringInstitute of EngineeringPolytechnic of PortoPortugalGeoBioTec Centre(GeoresourcesGeotechnics and Geomaterials Research Group)University of AveiroPortugal

The coastal human population has been growing in many countries around the *** is currently estimated that about half of the globe population lives in coastal zones,although there is large variation among *** several countries,coasts currently face severe sea-level rise problems as a consequence of tectonic and anthropogenically induced *** coastal systems should be considered vulnerable to changes in climate,given increasing population density in coastal zones,long lead times for implementation of many adaptation measures,and institutional,financial and technological *** long as population grows,maintenance of existing revetments and other shoreline structures is becoming more *** a result,inspection,repair,and rehabilitation of existing structures represent a large part of a coastal work.A regular structural and environmental forcing monitoring programme enables structures to be evaluated for safety,condition and functionality,as the cost of maintaining this existing coastal infrastructure is high,there are being developed and employed new methods to reduce *** rock and concrete armoured structures need ongoing maintenance to ensure they continue to perform acceptably. In Portugal there are about 290 coastal protection structures along the coastline and it is of vital national interest to study its stability and *** 70%percent of these structures are groins and *** project aims to be a contribution to its geoengineering,by developing new methodologies for the rock material evaluation since its origin (quarry) until the project.A case study of the coastal protection structures from Espinho region(NW Portugal,Iberian Peninsula) is presented,which includes a GIS-based recognition and characterization of armourstone quarries. This study was carried out to improve diagnosis and prediction of geomaterials status from coastal protection *** addition the importance of coastal geoengineering

关键词： coastal geoengineering geomaterials GIS mapping rock evaluation deterioration level

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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) about Refractive Error among Students Attending Faculty of Health Sciences at Lúrio University in Mozambique, 2020

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2022年第1期12卷 57-69页

作者： Joel Bambamba Ângela Bambamba Gisela Fereira Paulo pires Yara Cossa Faculty of Health Sciences Lúrio University Nampula Mozambique

Introduction: Refractive error is recognized as one of the most important causes of correctable visual impairment and affects people of all ages, socioeconomic levels, and ethnic groups. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 285 million people globally were visually impaired, with 39 million blinds. The aim of this study is to access the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health sciences students about the refractive error in Nampula, Mozambique. Material and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study including health sciences students of Lúrio University in Nampula, applying a questionnaire to access their knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning the refractive error. The collected data were entered into SPSS version 22.0 for analysis. Frequency distribution and central tendency measures (mean, median) were used to summarize the descriptive part of the study. Results were described using tables and running text. Sample students were included after obtaining informed consent. Results: A total of 298 students participated in the study, 50.3% female, with average age of 24 ± 5.4 years. 69.8% had an eye exam and 54.7% believe they have good vision, 58.1% say that wearing glasses is the main method of correcting refractive errors. 92.3% refer to the Central Hospital as the best place to provide eye health services. The main reason for not purchasing the glasses was their cost (47.3%) and the alternative method for spectacle users was contact lenses (81.0%). The students’ attitudes were positive towards the use of glasses. Conclusion: Visual health education about the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding refractive errors among students must be intensified to ensure good dissemination of information in the surrounding communities enrolled in the health promotion program “One Student, One Family” implemented by Lúrio University in Nampula.

关键词： Knowledge Attitude Practice Refractive Error Students

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Effects of Ketoprofen, Ketamine, Lidocaine and Propofol on Fentanyl-Induced Hyperalgesia in Rats

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第7期10卷 53-63页

作者： Camila dos Santos Leite Naira Correia Cusma Pelógia Eliane Stevanato Marília Hidalgo Uchôas Gabriela Apóstulo Silva Guilherme Apóstulo Silva Carlos Augusto pires Zerbini Marta Helena Rovani pires Oscar César pires Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology S&atilde o Francisco University Medical School Bragan&ccedil a Paulista Brazil Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds S&atilde o Francisco University Medical School Bragan&ccedil a Paulista Brazi Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiology Medicine Department Taubaté University Taubaté Brazil Vera Cruz Hospital Campinas Brazil

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia negatively affects physiological pain management and presents a complex causal mechanism, involving, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic factors of interactions with receptors, opioid-independent ascending systems and with pro-nociceptive systems. After approval by the CEUA, 42 male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups: In group 1 (GCSSL) the animals received 1 ml of 0.9% saline solution intraperitoneally (IP);in group 2 (GFTSL), they received fentanyl at a dose of 100 ug·kg-1 IP;in the remaining groups (3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) the animals received IP, fentanyl at a dose of 100 ug·kg-1 followed also by IP route of: group 3 (GFTKP) ketoprofen at a dose of 5 mg·kg-1;group 4 GFTKT), ketamine up to a dose of 10.0 mg·kg-1;group 5 (GFTLI), incisional lidocaine up to a dose of 10 mg·kg-1;group 6 (GFTLP), intraperitoneal lidocaine up to a dose of 10 mg·kg-1 and group 7 (GFTPP), propofol up to a dose of 60 mg·kg-1. Under general anesthesia, all animals with a plantar surgical incision. Hyperalgesia was evaluated by applying Von Frey filaments on the 2nd, 1st, 3rd and 5th days after treatment. In the 2nd hour and on the 5th day after the procedure, there was no hyperalgesia associated with the use of fentanyl, however, on the 1st and 3rd postoperative days there was hyperalgesia that was attenuated by ketoprofen, ketamine, lidocaine infiltrated in the incision and intraperitoneally, an effect not observed with the use of propofol. The results suggest fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia and the efficacy of ketoprofen, ketamine, incisional lidocaine and intraperitoneal lidocaine in reducing this effect.

关键词： Hyperalgesia Fentanyl Ketoprofen Ketamine Lidocaine Propofol Rats

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Traditional and Non-Traditional Risk Factors Involved with Endothelial Dysfunction and Arterial Stiffness in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2019年第3期9卷 85-100页

作者： Rafael Giovani Misse Isabela Bruna pires Borges Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo Division of Rheumatology Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) have been closely associated with accelerated plaque progression and the development of atherosclerosis, which lead to high morbidity and mortality rates for cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are greatly evidenced in several studies in the early phase of atherosclerosis. In ARDs, endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are related to traditional and non-traditional risk factors. To date, no studies have clearly analyzed the main parameter involved in endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. In this context, the present narrative review’s purpose was to describe the main factor in endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness in different ARDs. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are related to traditional risk factors (i.e., hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, sedentary behavior) and non-traditional risk factors (linked to the immune mechanisms involved in these diseases). Moreover, in the present study, these associations were systemically analyzed in ankylosing spondylitis, antiphospholipid syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic autoimmune myopathies, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. The present review shows that the relationship of traditional risk factors and non-traditional risk factors related to ARDs works in the worsening of function and structural properties of arterial vessels, leading to high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Arterial Stiffness Atherosclerosis Autoimmune Endothelial Dysfunction Rheumatic Diseases

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Effects of Dexamethasone, Clonidine, Tramadol and Nalbuphine on Fentanyl-Induced Hyperalgesia in Rats

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第12期9卷 87-97页

作者： Camila dos Santos Leite Naira Correia Cusma Pelógia Eliane Stevanato Marília Hidalgo Uchôas Marta Helena Rovani pires Oscar César pires Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology S&atilde o Francisco University Medical School Bragan&ccedil a Paulista Brazil Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds S&atilde o Francisco University Medical School Bragan&ccedil a Paulista Brazil Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiology Medicine Department Taubaté University Taubaté Brazil Vera Cruz Hospital Campinas Brazil

Opioids are drugs used to alleviate pain. However, studies have demonstrated that these drugs can cause an increase in pain sensitivity, which is called opioid-induced hyperalgesia. The objective of this study was to describe the effects of dexamethasone, clonidine, tramadol and nalbuphine on fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia in rats. After obtaining approval from the Committee for the Ethical Use of Animals (CEUA), 36 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: Group 1 (GCSSL) wherein the rats received 1 ml 0.9% saline solution in two injections;Group 2 (GFTSL), received fentanyl at a dose of 100 ug·kg-1 followed by 1 ml 0.9% saline solution via intraperitoneal;the remaining groups (3, 4, 5, 6) received fentanyl at a dose of 100 ug·kg-1 following doses via intraperitoneal: Group 3 (GFTDX), dexamethasone at a dose of 1.0 mg·kg-1;Group 4 (GFTCL), clonidine at a dose of 20 mg·kg-1;Group 5 (GFTTR), tramadol at a dose of 50 mg·kg-1, and Group 6 (GFTNB), nalbuphine at a dose of 5 mg·kg-1. Under general anestesia using isoflurane, the animals were submitted to a surgical incision. Hyperalgesia was evaluated by applying Von Frey filaments at 2 hours after the incision and on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days afterward. At 2 hours after the surgical procedure, there was lower intensity of pain in the fentanyl group (GFTSL) compared to the other groups, and on the fifth day there were no significant differences for pain intensity between groups. The results suggest the presence of fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia and efficacy in its reduction by dexamethasone, clonidine, tramadol and nalbuphine.

关键词： Hyperalgesia Fentanyl Dexamethasone Clonidine Tramadol Nalbuphine Rats

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Medical School Students’ Knowledge of Pain and Palliative Care: An Observational Study

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第4期11卷 39-49页

作者： Carolina Koutras Jacob Marina Perini Carlos Augusto P. Zerbini Marta H. R. pires Camila Dos Santos Leite Oscar César pires Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiology Medicine Department Taubaté University Taubaté Brazil Vera Cruz Hospital Campinas Brazil Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology S&atildeo Francisco University Medical School Bragan&ccedila Paulista Brazil Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds S&atildeo Francisco University Medical School Bragan&ccedila Paulista Brazil

Background: Pain and palliative care are a reality in daily routines of medical treatment. However, the theoretical-practical curricula of traditional medical school course still unsatisfactorily contemplate pain management, as well as the palliative care approach. Objective: To assess the knowledge of medical students about pain and palliative care, as well as to identify their perception of teaching these topics during hospitalization. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study, with a descriptive and exploratory approach, data collection for which was carried out between August and November 2020. The target population was medical students, who responded to an online survey of a quantitative, anonymous and follow-up nature. The survey study variables concerned knowledge about pain management and palliative care. Results: An expressive majority of academics showed difficulty in understanding the pathophysiology of pain related to prescribing drugs for pain management purposes, and all of them believe that it is necessary to acquire more knowledge about pain treatment. In parallel, only 9.3% report having received sufficient information regarding palliative care during medical school. Conclusion: The results suggest a certain lack of knowledge and insecurity among medical school students with respect to pain management and care for patients receiving palliative care. The didactical approach to this theme is still deficient in the medical curriculum and requires immediate improvement and new proposals that address the training of these professionals in a more specific and effective way.

关键词： Pain Palliative Care Medical Students Academic Institutions

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Biogas in Brazil： A Governmental Agenda

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2015年第1期9卷 1-15页

作者： Melissa Cristina Pinto pires Mathias Joao Felippe Cury Marinho Mathias Department of Mechanical Engineering Pontificia Universidade Catolica Rio de Janeiro 22451-900 Brazil Institute of Economics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 22 290-240 Brazil

Environmental issues have become an important aspect in the energy sector and also in governmental policies all over the world. Renewable energy plays a decisive role in a cleaner energy production with less environmental impacts. In this new world scenario, several countries create incentive programs aiming to increase the renewable energy share in their energy balance. Biogas is an interesting example of a smart and rational use of organic waste material. Nevertheless, international experience shows that its production relays mainly on government incentives. This paper investigates what the Brazilian government role is to introduce and promote the biogas industry in the country. We estimate the production of agricultural waste energy using biogas derived from cattle and swine waste and analyze the Brazilian legal and regulatory framework for renewable energy, focusing on biogas production, transport and sale. The results point to an unexplored potential of the use of cattle and swine waste for biogas production in Brazil. However, this potential can only become a reality if some legal and regulatory issues are solved. Brazilian government agenda has to include not only filling the legal and regulatory blanks but also creating incentives for the use of biogas.

关键词： Biogas renewable energy policy Brazil.

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Lipid Accumulation Product: Reliable Marker for Cardiovascular Risk Detection?

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第3期11卷 267-277页

作者： Lidiane Aparecida Vila pires Ricardo José Tofano Sandra Maria Barbalho Claudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi marcelo Dib Bechara Viviane Alessandra Capelluppi Tofano Jesselina Francisco dos Santos Haber Eduardo Federighi Baisi Chagas Ana Maria Gonçalvez Milla Karina Quesada School of Medicine University of Marília (UNIMAR) Marília S&#227 o Paulo Brazil Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation University of Marilia (UNIMAR) S&#227 o Paulo Brazil Cardiology Unit of the UNIMAR Beneficent Hospital (HBU) Marilia S&#227 o Paulo Brazil Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition Faculty of Food Technology of Marília Marília S&#227 o Paulo Brazil CENID (Interdisciplinary Center on Diabetes)—UNIMAR—Marília S&#227 o Paulo Brazil

The Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) is a clinical marker of visceral obesity and has been proposed as a simple, inexpensive, and accurate tool to estimate cardiovascular risk and mortality. The aim of this study was to verify the association of LAP with anthropometric, biochemical, visceral adiposity index and IR in adults and the elderly. This single cross-section center clinical study, with experimental, analytical, primary, and observational design, included 210 participants. Anthropometric (Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), and Neck Circumference (NC)), LAP, Visceral Adipose Index (VAI), and biochemical parameters (fasting glycemia, insulinemia (to calculate the Homa-IR index), total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, and triglycerides) were evaluated. The results showed that by separating the sample into three groups (adequate BMI and WC, adequate BMI and elevated WC, and elevated BMI and WC), the group with high BMI and WC showed a high value of LAP and VAI compared to the other groups, with a significant difference. Still, the data show a positive and significant correlation when relating the LAP with VAI, HOMA-IR, BMI, WC, NC, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and Diastolic Blood Pressure. It also showed an inversely proportional relationship when associating LAP with HDL-c (p

关键词： Lipid Accumulation Product Obesity. Visceral Obesity Metabolic Syndrome Cardiovascular Risk

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Fertilization with Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Upland Rice Cultivars in the Southern Region of Rondônia, Brazil

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第14期6卷 2263-2271页

作者： Edimar Rodrigues Soares Robertt Fernandes Laércio da Silva Londero Leandro Galon Fabiana Ferreira pires marcelo de Andrade Barbosa Diego Lopes dos Santos Samara Cristina Sampaio Correa Everton Augusto Sampaio Correa Remy Carvalho dos Santos Department of Soil Science S&atilde o Paulo State University (UNESP) Jaboticabal Brazil Department of Agronomy Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Rond&ocirc nia (IFRO) Colorado do Oeste Brazil Department of Agronomy College Amazon (FAMA) Vilhena Brazil Department Herbology Federal University of the Border South (UFFS) Erechim Brazil Federal University Mato Grosso (UFMT) Cuiaba Brazil

The upland rice productivity in the state of Rond?nia is still low, in view of the potential of culture. The use of cultivars adapted to different regions and more responsive to fertilizer employed is an essential practice which can change that. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and productivity of two upland rice cultivars with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N-P-K) doses in two municipalities in the southern state of Rondonia region. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications in a factorial 2 × 2 × 5, with the first factor composed of two cultivars (hybrid Ecco and conventional farming AN Cambará), the second factor, the environment of the two municipalities, Cerejeiras and Vilhena and the third factor of five doses of N-P-K (0-0-0, 30-40-30, 60-60-60, 90-90-90 and 120-100-120 kg·ha-1). The characteristics evaluated were: tillering, number of integers and sterile grains per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield (kg·ha-1) and whole grain yield. There was no triple interaction between the three factors for any of the traits. The hybrid Ecco has higher tillering ability than AN Cambara and presents fewer sterile grains per panicle, heavier 1000 grains and hence greater productivity. For both cultivars, the highest yields are obtained with a dose of 120-100-120 kg·ha-1 N-P-K. For the Ecco, the productivity is achieved with this dose and the dose of 90-90-90 kg·ha-1 is statistically similar. There is no difference in productivity between the municipalities when the dose of N-P-K is less than 60-60-60 kg·ha-1. The highest yield of whole grains in function of N-P-K fertilization is obtained in Cerejeiras.

关键词： Oryza sativa L. Productivity Hybridization

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