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Gut homeostasis, injury, and healing: New therapeutic targets

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第17期28卷 1725-1750页

作者： Sema Oncel marc d Basson department of Biomedical Sciences University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesGrand ForksND 58202United States department of Surgery University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesGrand ForksND 58202United States department of Pathology University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesGrand ForksND 58202United States

The integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa plays a crucial role in gut homeostasis,which depends upon the balance between mucosal injury by destructive factors and healing via protective *** persistence of noxious agents such as acid,pepsin,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,or Helicobacter pylori breaks down the mucosal barrier and injury *** upon the size and site of the wound,it is healed by complex and overlapping processes involving membrane resealing,cell spreading,purse-string contraction,restitution,differentiation,angiogenesis,and vasculogenesis,each modulated by extracellular ***,the gut does not always heal,leading to such pathology as peptic ulcers or inflammatory bowel *** available therapeutics such as proton pump inhibitors,histamine-2 receptor antagonists,sucralfate,5-aminosalicylate,antibiotics,corticosteroids,and immunosuppressants all attempt to minimize or reduce injury to the gastrointestinal *** recent studies have focused on improving mucosal defense or directly promoting mucosal *** investigations have sought to enhance mucosal defense by stimulating mucus secretion,mucosal blood flow,or tight junction ***,new attempts to directly promote mucosal repair target proteins that modulate cytoskeleton dynamics such as tubulin,talin,Ehm^(2),filamin-a,gelsolin,and flightless I or that proteins regulate focal adhesions dynamics such as focal adhesion *** article summarizes the pathobiology of gastrointestinal mucosal healing and reviews potential new therapeutic targets.

关键词： Intestine Mucosa Repair Restitution Sheet migration Stomach ulcer

does white-tailed deer density affect tree stocking in forests of the Eastern United States?

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 371-382页

作者： Brice B.Hanberry marc d.Abrams USdA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationRapid CitySD 57702USA department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University307 Forest Resources BldgUniversity ParkPA16802USA

Background:White-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus)have increased during the past century in the *** deer densities may reduce tree regeneration,leading to forests that are understocked,where growing space is not filled completely by *** deer pressure,a major transition in eastern forests has resulted in increased tree ***:To reconcile conflicting trends,we applied generalized linear mixed models to compare deer densities during 1982 and then 1996 to tree stocking after about 30 years and 15 years of potential reductions of small trees by deer,for the entire eastern US and 11 ecological *** also compiled deer browse preferences and compared preferred browse with trends in tree species composition from historical(1620–1900)and current tree ***:The forested area of the eastern US,including a prairie ecological province,was equally well-stocked(52%)and understocked(48%)during 2011–2017 tree *** 1982 deer densities,38%of area had deer densities>5.8 deer/km2 and for 1996,66%of area had deer densities>5.8 deer/*** densities and tree stocking were not related significantly for the entire eastern *** may reduce tree stocking in the Laurentian Mixed Forest;however,this province had both lower deer densities and greater tree stocking than other ***,major tree species trends did not match tree browse ***:Rather than too few trees,too many trees is an ecological problem where historical open oak and pine forests had herbaceous understories,and currently,trees have captured growing *** attribute other drivers than deer to explain this transition.

关键词： driver Fire Herbivory Open forests Transition Tree density

ANALYZING MARKET COMPETITION BETWEEN AIRBUS ANd BOEING USING A dUO HIERARCHICAL GRAPH MOdEL FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2017年第6期26卷 683-710页

作者： Shawei He Keith W. Hipel d. marc Kilgour 1.College of Economics & Management Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 211106 China 2.Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1 3.Centre for International Governance Innovation Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 6C2 4.Balsillie School of International Affairs Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 6C2 5.Department of Mathematics Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3C5

A duo hierarchical graph model for conflict resolution is developed to investigate market competition between Airbus and Boeing over aircraft sales in the Asia Pacific region. The duo hierarchical graph model, a significant extension of the graph model for conflict resolution methodology, contains two common decision makers, who take part in two related subconflicts, as well as local decision makers, who participate in only one subconflict. New stability definitions are proposed to describe forms of sanction unique to the hierarchical model. The interrelationships between stabilities in the overall graph model and in the two local models are investigated. Then the duo hierarchical graph model is applied to the competition between Airbus and Boeing in both the wide and narrow body markets in the Asia-Pacific region. The two types of Asian airlines have different operating strategies, so that the two markets constitute sub-competitions that can be modelled naturally using the duo hierarchical graph model. The stability results indicate a resolution for all decision makers that implies marketing strategies for the aircraft manufacturers and guidelines for aircraft purchase by the airlines. Thus, this model provides decision makers with a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the comoetition and guidance in identifving beneficial actions.

关键词： Hierarchical Graph Model Airbus and Boeing stability results strategic resolutions

Editorial comment–volume 60 of Fungal diversity Special issue dedicated to the COST Action FA1103,“Endophytes in Biotechnology and Agriculture”

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Fungal diversity 2013年第3期60卷 1-4页

作者： marc Stadler Kevin d.Hyde department Microbial drugs Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbHInhoffenstrasse 738124 BraunschweigGermany Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand

Summary:The European Cooperation in Science and Technology(COST)aims to promote joint interdisciplinary research in various areas and provides substantial funding to international consortia to conduct networking activities such as workshops,training schools,and short time international student *** though primarily European Scientists are eligible to propose COST Actions and to receive funding,the international community can and does *** special issue is dedicated to a COST Action FA1103 on biotechnological and agricultural exploitation of endophytes,entertained by 150 scientists from over 20 *** original papers,one review and two non COST Action papers have been compiled,all of which are dealing with various aspects of fundamental and applied research on fungal *** broad spectrum of the contributions,which are representative of the scientific scope of the Action,is illustrated by reports on innovative methods for all taxa inventories(molecular ecology),studies relating to bioprospecting.

关键词： Action dealing prospecting

OPTION PRIORITIZATION FOR UNKNOWN PREFERENCE

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2016年第1期25卷 39-61页

作者： Jing Yu Keith W. Hipel d. marc Kilgour Min Zhao Business School Hohai University Nanjing Jiangsu 211100 China department of Systems design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo N2L 3G1 Canada department of Mathematics Wt'lfrid Laurier University Waterloo N2L 3C5 Canada Centre for International Governance Innovation Waterloo Ontario Canada Water Resources and Sustainable development Research Centre of Jiangsu Province Nanjing 210098 China

An option prioritization technique is developed to efficiently elicit the preferences, both unknown and crisp, of decision makers （dMs） in strategic conflicts. In the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution, each dM has one or more options, each of which may be selected or not. A state, or possible scenario, is formed when all dMs make an option selection. The software GMCR II contains an option prioritization procedure that makes it easy for a modeUer to enter a dM＇s crisp preference ordering over the states using prioritized statements describing the dM＇s preferred option combinations. This procedure is extended by adding two new logical connectives that describe uncertainty of preference. For each dM, a range of possible scores for each feasible state can then be calculated, facilitating the determination of a preference ordering containing uncertainty by comparing and ranking scores. To demonstrate how this new methodology can be used to represent tmknown preferences in a real-world decision problem, it is applied to a Canadian dispute over proposed water exports.

关键词： Graph model for conflict resolution option prioritization unknown preference logical connectives

ROBUSTNESS OF EQUILIBRIA IN THE GRAPH MOdEL FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2015年第4期24卷 450-465页

作者： Yasser T.Matbouli d.marc Kilgour Keith W.Hipel department of Industrial Engineering King Abdulaziz University department of Systems design Engineering University of Waterloo department of Mathematics Wilfrid Laurier University Centre for International Governance Innovation(CIGI)

A novel approach for assessing the robustness of an equilibrium in conflict resolution is presented. Roughly, an equilibrium is robust if it is resilient, or resistant to deviation. Robustness assessment is based on a new concept called Level of Freedom, which evaluates the relative freedom of a decision maker to escape an equilibrium. Resolutions of a conflict can be affected by changes in decision makers＇ preferences, which may destabilize an equilibrium, causing the conflict to evolve. Hence, a conflict may become long-term and thereby continue to evolve, even after reaching an equilibrium. The new robustness measure is used to rank equilibria based on robustness, to facilitate distinguishing equiiibria that are relatively sustainable. An absolutely robust equilibrium is a special case in which the level of freedom is at an absolute minimum for each individual stability definition.

关键词： Robustness equilibria level of freedom conflict evolution graph model

PM_(2.5)characterization of primary and secondary organic aerosols in two urban-industrial areas in the East Mediterranean

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第3期33卷 98-116页

作者： marc Fadel Frédéric Ledoux Mariana Farhat Adib Kfoury dominique Courcot Charbel Afif Emissions Measurementsand Modeling of the Atmosphere(EMMA)LaboratoryCARFaculty of SciencesSaint Joseph UniversityBeirutLebanon Unitéde Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant UCEIV UR4492FR CNRS 3417University of Littoral Côte d Opale(ULCO)DunkerqueFrance department of Environmental Sciences University of BalamandAl KourahLebanon Climate and Atmosphere Research Center The Cyprus InstituteNicosiaCyprus

Primary and secondary organic aerosols in PM_(2.5)were investigated over a one-year campaign at Zouk Mikael and Fiaa,*** n-alkanes concentrations were quite similar at both sites(26-29 ng/m^(3))and mainly explained by anthropogenic emissions rather than natural *** concentrations of total Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs)were nearly three times higher at Zouk Mikael(2.56 ng/m^(3))compared to Fiaa(0.95 ng/m^(3)),especially for indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene linked to the presence of the power plant.A characteristic indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene/(indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene+benzo[g,h,i]perylene)ratio in the range0.8-1.0 was determined for heavy fuel oil combustion from the power *** acids and hopanes were also investigated and were assigned to cooking activities and vehicular emissions *** were identified for the first time in Lebanon with high concentrations at Zouk and Fiaa(106.88 and 97.68 ng/m^(3) respectively).Moreover,the biogenic secondary aerosols revealed higher concentrations in *** total terpene concentration varied between 131 ng/m^(3) at Zouk Mikael in winter to 469 ng/m3 at Fiaa in ***,the concentrations of the dicarboxylic acids especially for adipic and phthalic acids were more influenced by anthropogenic *** analysis of molecular markers and diagnostic ratios indicated that the sites were strongly affected by anthropogenic sources such as waste open burning,diesel private generators,cooking activities,road transport,power plant,and industrial ***,results showed different pattern during winter and summer ***,higher concentrations of biogenic markers were clearly encountered during the summer period.

关键词： PM_(2.5) Secondary organic aerosols PAHs Phthalates Lebanon Urban-industrial sites

Composite wedge failure using photogrammetric measurements and dFN-dEM modelling

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第1期9卷 41-53页

作者： Viviana Bonilla-Sierra marc Elmouttie FrédéricVictor donzé Luc Scholtès Université Grenoble Alpes/CNRS UMR 5521 3SR Grenoble 38000 France IMSRN Parc Pré Millet - 680 Rue Aristide Bergès Montbonnot 38330 France CSIRO Energy Flagship Po Box 883 Pullenvale QLD 4069 Australia GeoRessources Lab. Université de Lorraine CNRS CREGU Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy 54500 France

Analysis and prediction of structural instabilities in open pit mines are an important design and operational consideration for ensuring safety and productivity of the operation. Unstable wedges and blocks occurring at the surface of the pit walls may be identified through three-dimensional(3d) image analysis combined with the discrete fracture network(dFN) approach. Kinematic analysis based on polyhedral modelling can be used for first pass analysis but cannot capture composite failure mechanisms involving both structurally controlled and rock mass progressive failures. A methodology is proposed in this paper to overcome such limitations by coupling dFN models with geomechanical simulations based on the discrete element method(dEM). Further, high resolution photogrammetric data are used to identify valid model scenarios. An identified wedge failure that occurred in an Australian coal mine is used to validate the methodology. In this particular case, the failure surface was induced as a result of the rock mass progressive failure that developed from the toe of the structure inside the intact rock matrix. Analysis has been undertaken to determine in what scenarios the measured and predicted failure surfaces can be used to calibrate strength parameters in the model.

关键词： Open pit mine Polyhedral modelling discrete fracture network(dFN) discrete element method(dEM) Wedge failure

Chaotic light at mid-infrared wavelength

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 744-751页

作者： Louise Jumpertz Kevin Schires Mathieu Carras marc Sciamanna Frédéric Grillot CNRS LTCI Télécom ParisTechUniversitéParis Saclay75634 Paris Cedex 13France mirSense 86 rue de Parisbat.Erable91400 OrsayFrance LMOPS(Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques Photonique et Systèmes)CentraleSupélecUniversitéParis Saclay57070 MetzFrance LMOPS(Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques Photonique et Systèmes)CentraleSupélecUniversitéde Lorraine57070 MetzFrance Center for High Technology Materials University of New-MexicoAlbuquerque87106-4343 NMUSA

The onset of nonlinear dynamics and chaos is evidenced in a mid-infrared distributed feedback quantum cascade laser both in the temporal and frequency *** opposed to the commonly observed route to chaos in semiconductor lasers,which involves undamping of the laser relaxation oscillations,quantum cascade lasers first exhibit regular self-pulsation at the external cavity frequency before entering into a chaotic low-frequency fluctuation *** bifurcation sequence,similar to that already observed in class A gas lasers under optical feedback,results from the fast carrier relaxation dynamics occurring in quantum cascade lasers,as confirmed by numerical *** chaotic behavior can impact various practical applications including spectroscopy,which requires stable single-mode *** also allows the development of novel mid-infrared highpower chaotic light sources,thus enabling secure free-space high bit-rate optical communications based on chaos synchronization.

关键词： chaos nonlinear dynamics optical feedback quantum cascade laser